scholarly journals LA MUJER EMPRENDEDORA EN EL TURISMO RURAL: PECULIARIDADES DEL CASO COSTARRICENSE A TRAVÉS DE LA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-214
Author(s):  
Merlyn Gutiérrez Cruz ◽  
María Jesús Such Devesa ◽  
Patricia Gabaldón Quiñones
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Business Women ◽  
The World

Este artículo analiza el fenómeno de la mujer emprendedora en el turismo rural en Costa Rica, enmarcándola en el contexto latinoamericano y en el de las emprendedoras rurales. A partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se define el perfil de las empresarias, sus motivaciones y las barreras que enfrentan. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto las importantes similitudes entre las emprendedoras turísticas rurales costarricenses con el resto de las emprendedoras en Latinoamérica y del mundo. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de las emprendedoras dentro del marco del turismo rural, esencial para el desarrollo económico del país. This article analyzes the phenomenon of entrepreneurial women in rural tourism in Costa Rica, framed within the Latin-American and rural entrepreneurship context. Using a systematic literature review, the profile of business-women gets defined through their motivations to start their businesses and the barriers they face. The results show the important similarities between Costa Rican rural tourism entrepreneurs and other female entrepreneurs in Latin America and the world. This study contributes to the knowledge of these entrepreneurs within the framework of rural tourism, essential for the economic development of developing countries.

scholarly journals Institutional Reform and Rights Revolutions in Latin America: The Cases of Costa Rica and Colombia

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
System Design ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
High Courts ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

This article analyzes the conditions that allowed for expansive rights revolutions in Costa Rica and Colombia. My research suggests that many of the preconditions for rights revolutions in other regions of the world are also central to understanding Latin American cases. Of particular relevance is judicial system design including the high courts’ operating rules concerning access, standing, and judicial formality. These factors can and do mitigate the need for extensive resources and support structures necessary in other non-Latin American countries in which rights revolutions have occurred.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Surveillance in Costa Rica: Evidence of a Divergent Population and an Increased Detection of a Spike T1117I Mutation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Arturo Molina-Mora ◽  
Estela Cordero-Laurent ◽  
Adriana Godínez ◽  
Melany Calderón ◽  
Hebleen Brenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
The World ◽  
Genome Analyses

AbstractGenome sequencing is a key strategy in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak. Latin America is the hardest hit region of the world, accumulating almost 25% of COVID-19 cases worldwide. Costa Rica was first exemplary for the region in its pandemic control, declaring a swift state of emergency on March 16th that led to a low quantity of cases, until measures were lifted in early May. From the first detected case in March 6th to November 30th almost 140 000 cases have been reported in Costa Rica, 99.5% of them from May onwards. We analyzed the genomic variability during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Costa Rica using 138 sequences, 52 from the first months of the pandemic, and 86 from the current wave.Three GISAID clades (G, GH, and GR) and three PANGOLIN lineages (B.1, B.1.1, and B.1.291) are predominant, with phylogenetic relationships that are in line with the results of other Latin American countries suggesting introduction and multiple re-introductions from other regions of the world. The sequences from the first months of the pandemic grouped in lineage B.1 and B.1.5 mainly, suggesting low undetected circulation and re-introductions of new lineages not detected in the country during early stages of the pandemic due to the extreme lockdown measures. The wholegenome variant calling analysis identified a total of 177 distinct variants. These correspond mostly to non-synonymous mutations (54.8%, 97) but 41.2% (73) corresponded to synonymous mutations. The 177 variants showed an expected power-law distribution: 106 single nucleotide mutations were identified in single sequences, only 16 single nucleotide mutations were found in >5% sequences, and only three single nucleotide mutations in >25% genomes. These mutations were distributed all over the genome. However, 61.5% were present in ORF1ab, and 15.0% in Spike gene and 9.6% in the Nucleocapsid. Additionally, the prevalence of worldwide-found variant D614G in the Spike (98.6% in Costa Rica), ORF8 L84S (1.5%) is similar to what is found elsewhere. Interestingly, the prevalence of mutation T1117I in the Spike has increased during the current pandemic wave beginning in May 2020 in Costa Rica, reaching 14.5% detection in the full genome analyses in August 2020. This variant has been observed in less than 1% of the GISAID reported sequences in other countries. Structural modeling of the Spike protein with the T1117I mutation suggest a possible effect on the viral oligomerization needed for cell infection. Nevertheless, in-vitro experiments are required to prove this in-silico analyses. In conclusion, genome analyses of the SARS-CoV-2 sequences over the course of COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica suggests re-introduction of lineages from other countries as travel bans and measures were lifted, similar to results found in other studies, but the Spike-T1117I variant needs to be monitored and studied in further analyses as part of the surveillance program during the pandemic.

Contraceptive sterilization in four Latin American countries

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

SummaryThe use of sterilization as a method of contraception is increasing rapidly throughout the world. This paper reports on sterilization rates for women in Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic and Panama in relation to demographic characteristics. Comparisons are made with non-sterilized women using other efficient contraceptive methods.The sterilization rates range from 0·161 in Colombia to 0·552 in Panama; births averted are calculated as one-quarter in Colombia, one-half in Costa Rica and one in the Dominican Republic and Panama.

World Bank Directives, Domestic Interests, and the Politics of Human Capital Investment in Latin America

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENDY HUNTER ◽  
DAVID S. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Recent studies underscore the importance of international organizations in transmitting norms, ideas, and values to developing countries. But has this diffusion influenced government policy in less developed countries? During the past two decades, the World Bank has emphasized the need for Third World governments to increase the stock of human capital by investing in education and health. Specifically, it has encouraged developing countries to shift an increasing share of their resources toward primary education. The authors examine 13 Latin American countries between 1980 and 1992 to establish the relationship between World Bank project lending and government investment in human capital. They combine time-series cross-sectional analysis with field research to evaluate the World Bank's influence on government spending on education and health. Although the World Bank may be successful in convincing developing country technocrats to “invest in people,” this research suggests that it is less successful in convincing the politicians who control the purse strings.

Rural Tourism : An Emerging Paradigm In Rural Entrepreneurship

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rais Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Awais
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Leading Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Starter

Tourism has become a leading industry in the world and continues to grow rapidly, contributing essentially to economic growth and employment in many countries. Tourism as it looks today poses serious threats to the environment and considerable social and cultural challenges. Tourism can be an important contributor to the growth of an economy. Growth of tourism is a significant part of the global expression of new service economy. With the weakening of many other aspects of the economy, tourism is a new opportunity. India, though a late starter in tourism, is giving increasing priority to this sector. Tourism is one of the strategically important emerging sectors in Indian economy with tremendous potential to assist the process of sustainable rural development. Rural tourism has been a major concept under the new tourism paradigm wherein agro-based rural community and culture are treated to be the major components of the tourism market.

scholarly journals The Use of Spanglish in Costa Rican Advertising

LETRAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (58) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Andrew Lloyd Smith
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Latin American Spanish ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper will study the use of Spanglish in Costa Rican advertising. The significance of this research lies in the fact that although Spanglish is commonly found in Latin American Spanish, especially in advertising, the relationship of these two fields has rarely been analyzed in Costa Rica. Thus, this study can provide important insights into the use of Spanglish and its impact on advertising in commercial and social terms.Se examina el uso del espanglish en el lenguaje publicitario en Costa Rica. El valor de esta investigación radica en el hecho de que aunque el espanglish es habitual en el español de América, especialmente en la publicidad, la dinámica de estos dos temas ha sido escasamente analizada en Costa Rica. Por lo tanto, este estudio nos ofrece aportes importantes en el uso del espanglish, y su efecto en la publicidad, en términos comerciales y sociales. 

scholarly journals Visibility: The challenge of the Latin American Potato Journal

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Elisa Salas ◽  
Julio Gabriel ◽  
Marcelo Huarte
Keyword(s):  
American Potato Journal ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Potato Association ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
A Current ◽  
State Of Art

In this work, the “state of art” of the Latin American Potato Journal is analyzed, as a means of scientific and technical diffusion of the potato crop, which is published by the Latin American Potato Association (LAPA). The objectives of the document are: i) to make a current analysis of the Journal and its challenges in the world of information and ii) to share the strategy developed for achieving visibility. The journal has a biannual frequency (June and December). Original and unpublished articles are accepted in biotechnologies, genomics, physiology, nutrition and fertilization of crops, genetics and plant breeding,entomology, phytopathology, integrated phytoprotection, agroecology, malherbology, geomatics, soils, water and irrigation, postharvest and agro-industrialization, rural development and agro-business, agricultural economy and marketing of agriculturalproducts. Since 1988, the LAPA Journal has published 25 issues. Twelve invited articles, 170 scientific articles, 25 short communications and 8 reviews, totaling 215 publications. From this total, 29% are from Bolivia, 23% from Peru, 13% from Argentina, 8% from Colombia, 8% from Ecuador, 4% from Venezuela, 3% from Mexico and 4% from Brazil. Countries such as Spain, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Nicaragua, Chile, USA and Denmark have contributed 1% each country. The main publication topics were in phytopathology, entomology, plant breeding, agronomy and physiology, agro-industry, genetics resources, participatory methodologies and economics, seed production, biotechnology and microbiology.

scholarly journals The caddisfly genus Triaenodes in the Neotropics (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 511 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH W. HOLZENTHAL ◽  
TROND ANDERSEN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
First Descriptions

The genus Triaenodes as it occurs in the Neotropics is diagnosed and discussed in the context of the world fauna. Twenty new species are described and illustrated: T. acanthus (Mexico), T. chirripo (Costa Rica), T. clauseni (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama), T. cuyotenango (Guatemala), T. flintorum (Mexico), T. guadaloupe (Panama), T. hodgesi (Ecuador), T. hornitos (Panama), T. kilambe (Nicaragua), T. mexicanus (Mexico), T. moncho (Costa Rica), T. morai (Costa Rica, Nicaragua), T. nicaraguensis (Nicaragua), T. oaxacensis (Mexico), T. tajo (Costa Rica), T. talamanca (Costa Rica), T. tapanti (Costa Rica, Panama), T. tico (Costa Rica, Panama), T. tuxtlensis (Mexico), and T. woldai (Panama). In addition, 4 previously described species are redescribed and figured: T. abruptus Flint 1991 (Colombia), T. anomalus Flint 1967 (Nicaragua, Mexico), T. delicatus Nav s 1924 (Costa Rica, Panama), and T. peruanus Flint & Reyes 1991 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru). The status of Triaenodes columbicus Ulmer 1909, is discussed. The larval and pupal stages of a Costa Rican species and the females of 9 species are described, representing the first descriptions of these life history stages for Neotropical Triaenodes. The genus Ylodes Milne is returned to synonymy with Triaenodes, as a subgenus. A key to the males of Neotropical Triaenodes is provided.

Modern economic growth of developing countries: the most important trends, proportions, factors and social consequences

2021 ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Vitalii A. Meliantsev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Modern Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic

The article, based on a number of author's calculations, shows that in the mechanism of modern economic growth, which over the last two hundred years has led to colossal progress in the now advanced economies (AES) and a part of developing countries (DCS), there occurred serious failures in the last 3-4 decades. Despite the information revolution and deepening of the international division of labor, compound annual growth rates (CAGRS) of per capita GDP (PCGDP) and total factor productivity (TFP) in the AES and many DCS have demonstrated a significant tendency to slowdown. Although the AES are still leading the world in the field of fundamental technological innovations, due to the loss of the demographic dividend, decrease in the efficiency of government effectiveness, hypertrophied development of the financial sector, they are noticeably losing their positions in the world economy. Unlike many African, Middle Eastern and Latin American countries, a number of Asian countries (including the PRC, India and NICS), due to the policy of pragmatic reforms and openness, has succeeded in acceleration of CAGRs of their PCGDP and TFP. However, given that in many AES and DCS after the global crisis of 2009 there was no significant mitigation of financial and social problems, and on the eve and during the pandemic they aggravated, it cannot be ruled out that if serious socially oriented reforms are not carried out in the AES and DCS, a deep financial, economic and socio-political crisis may arise in the world in the next year or two.

Costa Rica’s Historical Development and New Age of Progress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Golob
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Latin American ◽  
National Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Gay Marriage ◽  
Central American ◽  
Lost Decade ◽  
The Right ◽  
Party Dominance

Costa Rica has historically faced many of the same challenges as its Central American neighbors, but to a less dramatic extent. This has put the country on a unique path of political and economic development. Even today, it outperforms its neighbors, often including its more developed neighbors, like the United States, in essential measurements of human development, happiness, lack of corruption, and economics. Many Costa Rican scholars have concluded that the nation benefitted from its time as a colonial outcast and from a lack of exploitable resources like gold and silver. The common misbelief that Costa Rica was settled without the destruction of natives, that the country gained a peaceful independence, and that it somehow avoided all the pitfalls of Latin American development is now met with resistance, and a better understanding of Costa Rican history has emerged. Although Costa Rican development has not been without its complications, issues, and bloody epochs, it has been far less extreme and far more open to change, democracy, and progress. Costa Rica was able to gain a semi-peaceful independence, form a strong republic, and endure the “lost decade” better than many other countries in the region. Since 2008, this tiny country has progressed rapidly. It joined CAFTA-DR, elected its first female president, ended 70 years of two-party dominance, survived national-level scandal, legalized gay marriage, and elected a progressive leftist president in 2018 despite a global shift to the right for political leaders. Yet along with progress comes continued struggles. Costa Rica faces new challenges in the 21st century. In the new millennium, it confronts issues of social injustice, rising crime rates, economic dependency on international monetary institutions, corruption, and human rights, to name a few.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document