FEATURES OF BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC AMMONIUM SALTS WHEN ISOLATING RUBBER FROM LATEX

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Sergey S. Nikulin ◽  
Nadezhda S. Nikulina ◽  
Tatyana M. Bulatetskaya ◽  
Victor N. Verezhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Organic Reagents ◽  
Salt Component

The influence of low-and high-molecular substances on the stability of various lyophobic colloidal systems is among the earliest empirical and intuitively used phenomena. The water-soluble organic salts are applied in different industries including latex technology. This is related to a complex of various colloid-chemical phenomena and their interaction with latex dispersed phase and its components. Nowadays some high-molecular and low-molecular organic reagents are used to reduce the aggregate stability of latex system on an industrial scale. In the article, the coagulating ability of ammonium acetate, ammonium oxalate and ammonium citrate were estimated for the latex coagulation in the comparison with an inorganic ammonium salt and sodium chloride. The influence of the nature of salt component, as well as its consumption, on the technological features of the coagulation process in the emulsion latex was established. The relationship between the consumption of organic ammonium salt and acidifying component on the complete coagulation was shown. It’s worth noting that the strength of the acid, which forms the ammonium salt, has an effect on the technological extraction process of rubber from latex. The stronger the organic acid, the lower the consumption of the acidifying agent, and complete coagulation is achieved at lower consumption of coagulants. Peculiar behavior of ammonium citrate has been noted: complete coagulation wasn’t achieved with the consumption of this salt over 200 kg/t of rubber and increased consumption of the acidifying agent. It can be due to the fact that citric acid is an oxyacid and shows properties characteristic for surfactants and increases the aggregate stability of the system. These rubbers, rubber compounds and vulcanizates obtained correspond to standard parameters.

scholarly journals Hygroscopic behavior of atmospherically relevant water-soluble carboxylic salts and their influence on the water uptake of ammonium sulfate

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12617-12626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. J. Wu ◽  
A. Nowak ◽  
L. Poulain ◽  
H. Herrmann ◽  
A. Wiedensohler
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Deliquescence Relative Humidity ◽  
Hygroscopic Behavior ◽  
Atmospherically Relevant

Abstract. The hygroscopic behavior of atmospherically relevant water-soluble carboxylic salts and their effects on ammonium sulfate were investigated using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA). No hygroscopic growth is observed for disodium oxalate, while ammonium oxalate shows slight growth (growth factor = 1.05 at 90%). The growth factors at 90% RH for sodium acetate, disodium malonate, disodium succinate, disodium tartrate, diammonium tartrate, sodium pyruvate, disodium maleate, and humic acid sodium salt are 1.79, 1.78, 1.69, 1.54, 1.29, 1.70, 1.78, and 1.19, respectively. The hygroscopic growth of mixtures of organic salts with ammonium sulfate, which are prepared as surrogates of atmospheric aerosols, was determined. A clear shift in deliquescence relative humidity to lower RH with increasing organic mass fraction was observed for these mixtures. Above 80% RH, the contribution to water uptake by the organic salts was close to that of ammonium sulfate for the majority of investigated compounds. The observed hygroscopic growth of the mixed particles at RH above the deliquescence relative humidity of ammonium sulfate agreed well with that predicted using the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule. Mixtures of ammonium sulfate with organic salts are more hygroscopic than mixtures with organic acids, indicating that neutralization by gas-phase ammonia and/or association with cations of dicarbonxylic acids may enhance the hygroscopicity of the atmospheric particles.

scholarly journals Organic salts enhanced soil risk elements leaching and bioaccumulation in Pistia stratiotes

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Veselý ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
J. Száková
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Risk Elements ◽  
Organic Acid Salts ◽  
Acid Salts

It is well known that organic chelates have a positive influence on micronutrients mobilisation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of organic acid salts to enhance mobility of Cd, Pb, and Zn in soil with subsequent bioaccumulation in water plant (P. stratiotes). Column flushing and pot rhizofiltration experiment were conducted. Statistical analyses ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test were used for results analysis. Results revealed statistically different efficiency of four tested organic acid salts (P < 0.05). Ammonium citrate was the most effective for release of all three risk elements. Cd, Pb, and Zn were mobilised by 45%, 321%, and 116% more than under 0.11 mol/L acetic acid (exchangeable form), respectively. Ammonium oxalate and acetate proved lower efficiency (P < 0.05). Young plants showed higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) than old ones in leaves as well in roots. Old plants proved lower residual metal concentration in solution. Mobilisation efficiency and metals accumulation in biomass were the highest under citrate and tartrate treatments.

Facile fractionation of bamboo hydrolysate and characterization of isolated lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Wang ◽  
Yongchao Zhang ◽  
Luyao Wang ◽  
Xiaoju Wang ◽  
Qingxi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Solvent Extraction ◽  
Glycoside Linkage ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Hemicellulosic Sugars

AbstractAn efficient separation technology for hydrolysates towards a full valorization of bamboo is still a tough challenge, especially regarding the lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). The present study aimed to develop a facile approach using organic solvent extraction for efficiently fractionating the main components of bamboo hydrolysates. The high-purity lignin with only a trace of carbohydrates was first obtained by precipitation of the bamboo hydrolysate. The water-soluble lignin (WSL) fraction was extracted in organic solvent through a three-stage organic solvent extraction process, and the hemicellulosic sugars with increased purity were also collected. Furthermore, a thorough characterization including various NMR techniques (31P, 13C, and 2D-HSQC), GPC, and GC-MS was conducted to the obtained lignin-rich-fractions. It was found that the WSL fraction contained abundant functional groups and tremendous amount of LCC structures. As compared to native LCC of bamboo, the WSL fraction exhibited more typical LCC linkages, i.e. phenyl glycoside linkage, which is the main type of chemical linkage between lignin and carbohydrate in both LCC samples. The results demonstrate that organic phase extraction is a highly efficient protocol for the fractionation of hydrolysate and the isolation of LCC-rich streams possessing great potential applications.

scholarly journals Optimization of sunflower head pectin extraction by ammonium oxalate and the effect of drying conditions on properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Ma ◽  
Jiayi Yu ◽  
Jing Jing ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Liyong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

AbstractPectin is a kind of natural and complex carbohydrates which is extensively used in food, chemical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Fresh sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) heads were utilized as a novel source of pectin extracted by ammonium oxalate. The conditions of the extraction process were optimized implementing the response surface methodology. Under optimal extraction parameters (extraction time 1.34 h, liquid–solid ratio 15:1 mL/g, ammonium oxalate concentration 0.76% (w/v)), the maximum experimental yield was 7.36%. The effect of spray-drying and freeze-drying on the physiochemical properties, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, high performance size exclusion chromatography, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed freeze-drying lead to decrease in galacturonic acid (GalA) content (76.2%), molecular weight (Mw 316 kDa), and crystallinity. The antioxidant activities of pectin were investigated utilizing the in-vitro DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging systems. This study provided a novel and efficient extraction method of sunflower pectin, and confirmed that different drying processes had an effect on the structure and properties of pectin.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of water or citrate soluble phosphorus in modified phosphate rocks for soybean

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Ignácio Prochnow ◽  
José Francisco da Cunha ◽  
Ariel Francisco Candiotti Ventimiglia
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Standard Source ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Sources

Ten P fertilizers were collected (commercial fertilizers) or synthesized (experimental sources) in order to obtain single superphosphates varying in water and citrate solubility. A standard source of P was also produced by crystallization of the water-soluble fraction of a triple superphosphate. Eleven P sources were band applied to a medium textured Xanthic Hapludox, in Bahia, Brazil (low content of resin-extractable P) at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O (neutral ammonium citrate plus water) soluble P2O5, with soybean as the crop which was grown to maturity. A check plot (control) was included in the study. Three of the P sources [single superphosphate produced from Araxa phosphate rock (PR), low-grade single superphosphate produced from Lagamar PR and the standard source of P] were also applied at rates to provide 40 and 120 kg ha-1 of NAC + H2O soluble P2O5. Yield of soybean was evaluated by analysis of variance with mean comparison performed utilizing LSD lines, considering the P sources applied at a rate of 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + control. Regression procedures were used to study the relation between yield of soybean and rates of P2O5. The fertilizers tested performed equally well as a source of P for soybean. The level of water-soluble P did not influence fertilizer performance.

scholarly journals Membranes serve as allosteric activators of phospholipase A2, enabling it to extract, bind, and hydrolyze phospholipid substrates

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. E516-E525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varnavas D. Mouchlis ◽  
Denis Bucher ◽  
J. Andrew McCammon ◽  
Edward A. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Allosteric Site ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Lipid Interactions ◽  
Exchange Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Group Iva ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Defining the molecular details and consequences of the association of water-soluble proteins with membranes is fundamental to understanding protein–lipid interactions and membrane functioning. Phospholipase A2(PLA2) enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phospholipid substrates that compose the membrane bilayers, provide the ideal system for studying protein–lipid interactions. Our study focuses on understanding the catalytic cycle of two different human PLA2s: the cytosolic Group IVA cPLA2and calcium-independent Group VIA iPLA2. Computer-aided techniques guided by deuterium exchange mass spectrometry data, were used to create structural complexes of each enzyme with a single phospholipid substrate molecule, whereas the substrate extraction process was studied using steered molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular dynamic simulations of the enzyme–substrate–membrane systems revealed important information about the mechanisms by which these enzymes associate with the membrane and then extract and bind their phospholipid substrate. Our data support the hypothesis that the membrane acts as an allosteric ligand that binds at the allosteric site of the enzyme’s interfacial surface, shifting its conformation from a closed (inactive) state in water to an open (active) state at the membrane interface.

Abstract 72: Muscle Metabolomic Changes in a Porcine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Witowski ◽  
Greg Beilman
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Clinical Challenge ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates ◽  
Baseline Values

Introduction: Treatment of hemorrhage shock remains a clinical challenge despite decades of study. Investigation of metabolism during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation may yield novel approaches for intervention strategies. Methods: Pigs underwent a standardized hemorrhagic shock protocol after general anesthesia and instrumentation. Animals were hemorrhaged via IVC cannula, then resuscitated to a goal of 80 mm Hg systolic blood pressure after 45 minutes. Animals were fully resuscitated after 8 hours and weaned and extubated at 24 hours after beginning experiment. Survivors were sacrificed at 48 hours post-hemorrhage. Muscle samples were obtained at baseline (prior to hemorrhage), shock45 (after 45 min of shock), and 8, 23, and 48 h post resuscitation (PR). Muscle samples were processed using a dual-phase extraction process and the water-soluble metabolites examined by 1H and 31P NMR. Results: The phosphocreatine:inorganic phosphate ratio decreases with shock and remains below baseline values at 48 h PR (A). Phosphoesters (glycolytic intermediates) increase during shock and return to levels below baseline at 48PR in successfully resuscitated pigs (B). Non-survivors exhibited higher levels of 1H NMR-visible lipids and of 31P NMR-visible ADP at baseline when compared to survivors (C). Conclusions: Hemorrhage shock induces metabolic changes observable with NMR spectroscopy. Survivors exhibited persistent metabolic changes not resolved at 48 hours. Response to hemorrhage and risk of mortality may be dependent on initial metabolic state.

Cellulosic Materials Characterisation of Kenaf Core from Retting Process Using Thermal Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nor Munirah ◽  
M.T. Ramlah ◽  
A. Sharifah
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Cellulosic Materials ◽  
Kenaf Core ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry

The waste from the kenaf water retting; kenaf core can be used to create by-product. The characteristics of the kenaf are important to create new by-product. Cellulosic materials can be obtained from fibrous plants which known as cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, waxes, and several water-soluble compounds. Kenaf was categorized as one of the fibrous family plants. Hence, its cellulosic materials need to be determined before extraction process. This research was conducted to determine the cellulosic materials concentration in kenaf core using Thermal Gravimetry Analyzer (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). As result, the percentage of degradation and decomposition of cellulosic materials were recorded and analyzed as reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Electrochemical oxidation of methylthiomethyleneisoquinolinium chloride — the first water soluble alkylthiomethylene substituted ammonium salt

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 840-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Smarzewska ◽  
Sławomira Skrzypek ◽  
Barbara Bachowska ◽  
Piotr Bałczewski ◽  
Witold Ciesielski
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Glassy Carbon ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Carbon Electrode ◽  
Oxidation Peak ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Step Potential ◽  
Oxidation Peak Current

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of methylthiomethyleneisoquinolinium chloride (MTMIQ), the first alkylthiomethyl substituted ammonium salt, which is fully miscible with water has been investigated by voltammetric (SWV) method using glassy carbon electrode. On the electrode, MTMIQ undergoes oxidation at the potential near Ep = 0.07V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl). The influence of the pH of buffers, amplitude, frequency, step potential on the received signal was studied. The best results were obtained with a citrate buffer at a pH of 5. The oxidation peak current used for MTMIQ voltammetric determination was in the range of 2–8×10−5 mol L−1, LOD = 3.7×10−6, LOQ = 1.2×10−5. The product of the oxidation was accumulated at the working electrode and was investigated by spectroscopic method. Mechanistic pathways of the oxidation have been proposed.

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