scholarly journals Den olympiske pengemaskine

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Skovgaard
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Olympic Games

Artikel om de moderne olympiske leges økonomi.The Olympic money machineOver a century after their start, the modern Olympic games constitute nothing less than the greatest regularly recurring global event. The modern Games are an event which attracts a great deal of attention and creates and consumes large quantities of resources, which also stem from public sources of finance and therefore from the ordinary tax-payer – in the first instance the citizens of the city in which the games are held. Over and above their role as a unique sporting event, the modern Games are the driving force in a comprehensive transnational concern, which from an analytical point of view is positioned at the intersection between the private market, the public sector and civilian society. Such a situation makes it relevant to shed light on the background against which the finances of the Olympic games as a business come into being and are distributed. This article considers the Olympic idea first and foremost as a sales object. This is simply because when the day arrives when the modern Games and their pregnant symbols – the Olympic logo, the Olympic flag, the Olympic motto, the Olympic hymn and the Olympic torch – no longer sell, many of the problems that currently grow out of and with the Olympic money machine will be a closed chapter. In this context sharp scrutiny is directed at the IOC, the organ which makes up the Olympic movement’s highest authority and which has a overriding influence on everything that takes place around the Olympic games enterprise. These two fixed points – the Olympic idea as a valuable marketing object and the IOC’s role as manager of that object by virtue of its position as leader of the Olympic movement and holder of the property rights to the modern Games – are grounded in a record of a series of events, which in 1998 and 1999 seriously shook the sustainability of the positive narrative about the Olympic games and of the Olympianism which was the philosophy of life superimposed on it. It is precisely the drawing power of that good narrative that makes it worthwhile for a multitude of companies of all sizes to pay large sums for the use of distinctive

Olympics and International Sports Law Research Guide

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Cho
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Sports Law ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Fifa World Cup ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Olympic Games

AbstractThe Olympic Games are the world's most recognised international sporting event alongside the FIFA World Cup. Started in ancient Greece, the Olympic Games were revived in modern times in 1896 and occur every four years. This article, by Esther Cho, discusses how to research the structure and legal aspects of the Olympic Movement. It also encompasses the general array of international sports law resources connected to the Olympic Movement.

South Africa, Apartheid and the Olympic Games

STADION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-137
Author(s):  
Jan Hangebrauck
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Olympic Games

South Africa was part of the Olympic Movement for more than two decades after apartheid had been officially introduced in 1948. In 1964 South Africa was excluded from the sporting event for the first time, and in 1970 it was formally expelled from the Olympic Movement. It had to wait until 1992 for its return when South Africa participated in the Olympic Games in Barcelona and won two medals. In the first part, this article describes South Africa’s development to exclusion and then back to its return by examining reasons for the late expulsion from, and re-entry to, the Olympic family. The next part looks at reactions of the governments and national sports federations (NFs) of Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to South Africa’s exclusion and its return against the backdrop of the Cold War. This paper further analyses the general attitudes of those actors towards apartheid (in sports). The conclusion points out the implications of South Africa’s sporting isolation and additional research gaps.

Sport and public service in Canada: The roots of the inherent bonds between the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/Radio-Canada and the Olympic Games

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe-Antoine Lupien
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sports Broadcasting ◽  
The Olympic Games

This article outlines the evolution of sports broadcasting on Canadian television, focusing on the broadcast of the Olympic Games. I argue that history of the Olympics on national television exemplifies the evolution of the idea of public service television in Canada. Specifically, it reflects the delicate balance between the nation’s public and private broadcasters, whose relationship extends far beyond mere competition. The public service raison d’être and mission have nonetheless been called into question throughout the development of television. Incidentally, the values of the Olympic movement were also called into question in this period, during which the Games evolved from an all-amateur Olympiad to a fully commercial spectacle designed for (and by) television.

Book Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Eduardo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
City Image ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
The Olympic Games

Evinç Doğan (2016). Image of Istanbul, Impact of ECoC 2010 on The City Image. London: Transnational Press London. [222 pp, RRP: £18.75, ISBN: 978-1-910781-22-7]The idea of discovering or creating a form of uniqueness to differentiate a place from others is clearly attractive. In this regard, and in line with Ashworth (2009), three urban planning instruments are widely used throughout the world as a means of boosting a city’s image: (i) personality association - where places associate themselves with a named individual from history, literature, the arts, politics, entertainment, sport or even mythology; (ii) the visual qualities of buildings and urban design, which include flagship building, signature urban design and even signature districts and (iii) event hallmarking - where places organize events, usually cultural (e.g., European Capital of Culture, henceforth referred to as ECoC) or sporting (e.g., the Olympic Games), in order to obtain worldwide recognition. 

“Satisfied with the Ruins of Berlin”: The German Capital’s Image in Soviet Graphics of 1945

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-575
Author(s):  
Irina I. Rutsinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Justice ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Post War ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

An artist who finds themselves in the last days of a war in the enemy’s defeated capital may not just fix its objects dispassionately. Many factors influence the selection and depicturing manner of the objects. One of the factors is satisfaction from the accomplished retribution, awareness of the historical justice triumph. Researchers think such reactions are inevitable. The article offers to consider from this point of view the drawings created by Soviet artists in Berlin in the spring and summer of 1945. Such an analysis of the German capital’s visual image is conducted for the first time. It shows that the above reactions were not the only ones. The graphics of the first post-war days no less clearly and consistently express other feelings and intentions of their authors: the desire to accurately document and fix the image of the city and some of its structures in history, the happiness from the silence of peace, and the simple interest in the monuments of European art.The article examines Berlin scenes as evidences of the transition from front-line graphics focused on the visual recording of the war traces to peacetime graphics; from documentary — to artistry; from the worldview of a person at war — to the one of a person who lived to victory. In this approach, it has been important to consider the graphic images of Berlin in unity with the diary and memoir texts belonging to both artists and ordinary soldiers who participated in the storming of Berlin. The combination of verbal and visual sources helps to present the German capital’s image that existed in the public consciousness, as well as the specificity of its representation by means of visual art.

scholarly journals Ground-based Measurements of Atmospheric Trace Gases in Beijing during the Olympic Games

Sci ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Jie Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectrometer ◽  
Atmospheric Trace Gases ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Column ◽  
The Olympic Games

A portable Fourier Transform Spectrometer (B3M-IR) is built and used to measure atmospheric trace gases in the city of Beijing during Olympic Games in 2008. A short description of the instrument is first provided in this paper. A detailed spectral analysis is then presented. The total columns of ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are retrieved from the ground-based solar absorption spectra recorded by the B3M-IR during the Olympic Games. Lacking validation data, only the retrieved total column of O3 is compared with that retrieved by MAX-DOAS, which is deployed at the same station. The mean difference between the two methods of measurement is 6.5%, demonstrating the performance and reliability of B3M-IR.

Measurement, incorporation and use of performance information in the budget

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-355
Author(s):  
Pieter Bleyen ◽  
Stijn Lombaert ◽  
Geert Bouckaert
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fiscal Sustainability ◽  
Performance Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Performance Budgeting ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Analytical Point ◽  
The Way

In search for efficiency, effectiveness and fiscal sustainability, governments gather more performance information than ever before. As many of them have sought to incorporate and use this kind of information in budgeting and planning documents, the main goal of this article is to discover how local government performance budgeting practices can be mapped by a survey in a way that enables international comparison. Three previous mapping endeavors served as preliminary guidelines to develop a refined index based on the dimensions measurement, incorporation and use of performance information which form a generally accepted logical sequence in the public management literature. Results for the case of 304 Flemish local governments show a huge variation in the way performance budgeting is practiced, as index scores vary from nearly zero to more than 76 percent. Although it seems that available performance information is incorporated fairly well, measurement and use are lacking. It can be concluded that measuring performance budgeting offers interesting insights in the way this kind of budgeting is practiced in local governments. Although, from an analytical point of view, it is not sufficient to fully grasp performance budgeting and this for several reasons discussed in the article.

The Ultimate Move

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Llewellyn ◽  
John Gleaves
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Professional Sport ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
Olympic Movement ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Olympic Games

This chapter discusses the continued decline of amateurism in the late twentieth century. As professional sport grew in popularity, the lines between amateurism and professionalism blurred further. An expanding global media apparatus, in concert with avaricious corporations and shrewd marketing agencies, transformed professional athletes into global sporting icons. The Olympic Movement faced higher competition. Although the fusion of nationalism and Citius, Altius, Fortius made the Olympic Games an attractive commodity, the Internatioal Olympic Commitee's eligibility code—and the forced prohibition of some of the world's leading athletes—dampened the spectacle. Public condemnations and accusations of hypocrisy damaged the Olympic brand. With multimillion dollar television broadcasting deals at stake, Olympic officials displayed an unwillingness to make the necessary sacrifices to preserve amateurism.

An everyday glimpse of the nation: NHK’s morning drama (asadora) and rituality

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Broadcaster ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Shed Light

NHK’s morning drama (asadora) has been an important institution on Japanese television since the 1960s and is also known as ‘national drama’. This article discusses this media format in the context of rituals and nationhood: watching asadora has become an everyday ritual that can convey a sense of national unity, and the series functions as a ‘media ritual’ that naturalizes the concept of the Japanese nation, thereby also strengthening the symbolic power of the public broadcaster NHK. As the example of Hiyokko (2017) shows, the producers of this series evoke collective memory and nostalgia by depicting everyday culture and large, nationally charged events such as the 1964 Olympic Games. Reflecting on asadora can shed light on the political and ideological dimensions of seemingly ‘banal’ media products as well as provide more general insights into the development of television in times of social media and the disappearance of the ‘national’ TV audience.

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