scholarly journals Mobility and language change

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malene Monka
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Local Features ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
The University ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

In this article I present the result of my PhD study, which is the first real time panel-study made of the interrelationship between dialect change and mobility. The informants in the study are from three municipalities situated in different Danish dialect areas: Odder in Central Jutland, Vinderup in Western Jutland and Tinglev in Southern Jutland. The first interviews (1978-1989) were recorded as part of studies conducted at Copenhagen University and the Department of Border Region Studies. The informants were re-interviewed between 2005 and 2010 by researchers from the LANCHART Center and researchers at the University of Southern Denmark. In the article the language change of six informants who have been geographically and socially mobile between the two recordings is compared to that of 17 geographically non-mobile informants. I present quantitative and qualitative analyses of the data. The two main quantitative findings are that the mobile speakers use fewer local features than the non-mobile speakers even before they are mobile, and that the degree of language change differs among the mobile informants from the three dialect areas. Based on the qualitative analyses I argue that differences in geographic and social orientation – i.e. mental mobility – can help explain differences between the language use of mobile and non-mobile informants. Following theories of place from human geography, I also suggest that place effects can help explain the differen ces between the language change of both mobile and nonmobile informants.

scholarly journals Intra-individual variation across the lifespan: Results from an Austrian panel study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bülow ◽  
Philip C. Vergeiner
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ergodic Theorem ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Ergodic Process ◽  
Informal Conversation ◽  
Variationist Sociolinguistics

Abstract This article explores intra-individual variation and language change across the lifespan of eight speakers from a small Austrian village. Four phonological variables in two settings (informal conversation vs. formal interview) are traced across longitudinal panel data that span 43 years. The analysis reveals an increase of dialect features (retrograde change), even though apparent-time as well as real-time trend studies indicate dialect loss in the Bavarian speaking parts of Austria. The panel data also indicate that neither the group means at one moment in time nor their averaged changes are representative of the intra-individual variation of any of the eight speakers. Regarding this non-representativity, the article introduces the classical ergodic theorem to variationist sociolinguistics. Evidence will be provided that change across the lifespan of an individual is a non-ergodic process. Thus, it is argued that variationists have to be more cautious when they generalise from group-derived estimates to individual developments and vice versa.

Reconsidering Language Use in Our Talk of Expertise—Are We Missing Something?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shotter
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Language Use ◽  
General Rules

There is currently a troubling disconnect between scientific and rational accounts of how experts act in specific situations, and the kind of non-deliberate thinking involved in the actual enactment of expertise. The dominant Cartesian approach provides scientific after-the-fact accounts of expertise, in the sense that it portrays expertise as made up of a set of general rules, frameworks, plans, and procedures for how to act in specific circumstances. Such after-the-fact accounts do not, however, capture how expertise is enacted and developed in the midst of particular circumstances. Specifically, such accounts overlook how experts make sense of the particularities of the unfolding situation. This chapter proposes a Wittgensteinian approach, which enables a real-time account of what expertise looks like, feels like, and sounds like from within experts’ efforts to handle the particularities of an unfolding situation.

Language change across a lifetime: A historical micro-perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bergs
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Linguistic Behavior ◽  
Micro Analysis

Abstract This paper focuses on the micro-analysis of historical data, which allows us to investigate language use across the lifetime of individual speakers. Certain concepts, such as social network analysis or communities of practice, put individual speakers and their social embeddedness and dynamicity at the center of attention. This means that intra-speaker variation can be described and analyzed in quite some detail in certain historical data sets. The paper presents some exemplary empirical analyses of the diachronic linguistic behavior of individual speakers/writers in fifteenth to seventeenth century England. It discusses the social factors that influence this behavior, with an emphasis on the methodological and theoretical challenges and opportunities when investigating intra-speaker variation and change.

scholarly journals The university as a terrain for hidden language conflicts? German, English and the silence beyond them

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Monika Dannerer
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Higher Education Administrators ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Internationalisation At Home ◽  
Education Administrators ◽  
The University ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds

AbstractIn this paper, language policy (LP) at the University of Salzburg (Austria), a mid-size seemingly monolingual university, serves as an example to analyse (potential) language conflicts at the institutional level considering the roles played by German, English and ‘immigrant’ languages at the university. Language management, beliefs, and (reported) language use by different stakeholders in higher education (administrators, academic and administrative staff and students) are contrasted, also taking into consideration different linguistic backgrounds (German as L1, German as L2 and German as a foreign language). This offers an overall perspective on institutional LP that is still group sensitive, one that reveals two different hidden language conflicts: the non-addressed conflict between the two most important and visible languages at the university by far, German and English, as well as the neglected and negated conflict between German and the hidden “immigrant” languages. A consistent ‘internationalisation at home’ strategy would address these hidden conflicts and show backwash effects on ideas of language use in education as well as in society in general.

scholarly journals DOLARS, a Distributed On-Line Activity Recognition System by Means of Heterogeneous Sensors in Real-Life Deployments—A Case Study in the Smart Lab of The University of Almería

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Marcos Lupión ◽  
Javier Medina-Quero ◽  
Juan F. Sanjuan ◽  
Pilar M. Ortigosa
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Heterogeneous Sensors ◽  
On Line ◽  
The University

Activity Recognition (AR) is an active research topic focused on detecting human actions and behaviours in smart environments. In this work, we present the on-line activity recognition platform DOLARS (Distributed On-line Activity Recognition System) where data from heterogeneous sensors are evaluated in real time, including binary, wearable and location sensors. Different descriptors and metrics from the heterogeneous sensor data are integrated in a common feature vector whose extraction is developed by a sliding window approach under real-time conditions. DOLARS provides a distributed architecture where: (i) stages for processing data in AR are deployed in distributed nodes, (ii) temporal cache modules compute metrics which aggregate sensor data for computing feature vectors in an efficient way; (iii) publish-subscribe models are integrated both to spread data from sensors and orchestrate the nodes (communication and replication) for computing AR and (iv) machine learning algorithms are used to classify and recognize the activities. A successful case study of daily activities recognition developed in the Smart Lab of The University of Almería (UAL) is presented in this paper. Results present an encouraging performance in recognition of sequences of activities and show the need for distributed architectures to achieve real time recognition.

scholarly journals Using the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP) as a teaching resource

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-606
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE WALLIS
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
Teaching Resource ◽  
The University ◽  
Late Modern

This article reports on the use of the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP) as a teaching resource in historical sociolinguistics and historical linguistics courses at the University of Sheffield. Pronouncing dictionaries are an invaluable resource for students learning about processes of standardisation and language attitudes during the Late Modern English period (1700–1900), however they are not easy to use in their original format. Each author uses their own notation system to indicate their recommended pronunciation, while the terminology used to describe the quality of the vowels and consonants differs from that used today, and provides an additional obstacle to the student wishing to interrogate such sources. ECEP thus provides a valuable intermediary between the students and the source material, as it includes IPA equivalents for the recommended pronunciations, as well as any metalinguistic commentary offered by the authors about a particular pronunciation. This article demonstrates a teaching approach that not only uses ECEP as a tool in its own right, but also explores how it can be usefully combined with other materials covering language change in the Late Modern English period to enable students to undertake their own investigations in research-led courses.

Pedestrian Navigation Services: Challenges and Current Trends

GEOMATICA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Karimi ◽  
Ming Jiang ◽  
Rui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Vehicle Navigation ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Pedestrian Navigation ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Major Shortcoming ◽  
The University

With the success and popularity of vehicle navigation services, the demand for Pedestrian Navigation Services (PNS) has increased in recent years. PNS, while overlap in functionality with vehicle navigation services, must be designed specifically for the wayfinding and navigational needs and preferences of pedestrians. One major shortcoming of most existing PNS in outdoors is that they utilize and provide services based on road networks, resulting in PNS that do not effectively and properly track pedestrians as they usually walk on sidewalks, which have more segments and are narrower than roads. Challenges in building PNS include constructing appropriate sidewalk networks, continually tracking users in real time on sidewalks without interruption, and providing personalized routes as well as directions. In this paper, these challenges are highlighted and current trends in PNS, for both outdoors and indoors, are discussed and analyzed. A prototype PNS designed for the University of Pittsburg’s main campus sidewalk network (PNS-Pitt) is also discussed.

scholarly journals IoT Notary : Attestable Sensor Data Capture in IoT Environments

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Nisha Panwar ◽  
Shantanu Sharma ◽  
Guoxi Wang ◽  
Sharad Mehrotra ◽  
Nalini Venkatasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
User Data ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The University

Contemporary IoT environments, such as smart buildings, require end-users to trust data-capturing rules published by the systems. There are several reasons why such a trust is misplaced—IoT systems may violate the rules deliberately or IoT devices may transfer user data to a malicious third-party due to cyberattacks, leading to the loss of individuals’ privacy or service integrity. To address such concerns, we propose IoT Notary , a framework to ensure trust in IoT systems and applications. IoT Notary provides secure log sealing on live sensor data to produce a verifiable “proof-of-integrity,” based on which a verifier can attest that captured sensor data adhere to the published data-capturing rules. IoT Notary is an integral part of TIPPERS, a smart space system that has been deployed at the University of California, Irvine to provide various real-time location-based services on the campus. We present extensive experiments over real-time WiFi connectivity data to evaluate IoT Notary , and the results show that IoT Notary imposes nominal overheads. The secure logs only take 21% more storage, while users can verify their one day’s data in less than 2 s even using a resource-limited device.

scholarly journals The Real-Time REF Review: A Pilot Study to Examine the Feasibility of a Longitudinal Evaluation of Perceptions and Attitudes Towards REF 2021

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Netta Weinstein ◽  
James Wilsdon ◽  
Jennifer Chubb ◽  
Geoff Haddock
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Research Assessment Exercise ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Education Community ◽  
Stern Review ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
Uk Higher Education

The UK first introduced a national research assessment exercise in 1986, and methods of assessment continue to evolve. Following the 2016 Stern Review and further rounds of technical consultation, the UK higher education community is now preparing for the next Research Excellence Framework – REF 2021.Despite its importance in shaping UK research cultures, there is limited systematic and nuanced evidence about how academics across the sector view the REF, and which aspects are viewed favourably or unfavourably. The aims of this pilot study were twofold: first, it was designed to gather initial data to address this evidence gap; second, it was aimed at testing the feasibility of conducting a longitudinal study into academic and managerial attitudes towards the REF. We argue that further research to better understand the effects of the REF on research cultures, institutions, and individuals should be part of the evidence used to inform the development of future iterations of the exerciseThe Real Time REF Review Pilot Study was developed and delivered by a research team from Cardiff University and the University of Sheffield, in collaboration with Research England.

scholarly journals Re-Inhabiting Inner Areas Triggering New Regeneration Trajectories: The Case Study of Sicani in Sicily

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Barbara Lino ◽  
Annalisa Contato ◽  
Mauro Ferrante ◽  
Giovanni Frazzica ◽  
Luciana Macaluso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Interest ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Sustainable Lifestyles ◽  
First Results ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The University ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

The Italian debate on the so-called ‘inner areas’ has received a much-needed boost, following the COVID-19 pandemic, which has further highlighted the differences between metropolitan and inner areas. While the progressive depopulation of inner areas is a worrying phenomenon, the limits of incessant urbanisation and the concentration of settlement and infrastructure policies in large conurbations have become evident. Departing from the framework of the B4R-Branding4Resilience research project of national interest and, by continuing in the furrow initiated by the SNAI, but also surpassing it, the aim of the University of Palermo’s research is to define the requirement for a more inclusive settlement model in the Sicani area in Sicily (Italy) to re-balance existing asymmetries by recharging peripheral areas with new centrality. The aims of the research are to demonstrate that inner areas could be an engine for innovation, thereby outlining a roadmap through which to encourage the resilience of new sustainable lifestyles. These aims would be achieved by working on new perspectives and projects, which are capable of radically modifying production, consumption, and tourism dynamics and work/life models, and which are gleaned from a study regarding the Sicani area in Sicily. The paper discusses case study quantitative and qualitative analyses and first results.

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