scholarly journals Kierkegaard om tiden og det timelige

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogens Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Natural Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subjective Truth ◽  
The Mind

This paper offers a discussion of the notions of time and temporality in Kierkegaard based on two of his major works, “Philosophical Fragments” and “The Concept of Dread”. After a general introduction to the status of the two notions within the pseudonymous authorship as a whole, two interesting theses are made the object of further inquiry: (1) the thesis of the mind-dependency of temporality proper and (2) the thesis of the revocability of the past as a precondition of the possibility of repentance. As regards the first thesis it is argued that it should be understood within the context of the distinction between natural time which is infinite succession and human temporality which is characterized by the triad of past, present & future: whereas natural time is objective, human temporality is subjective. But to Kierkegaard, subjectivity is truth; and the ultimate aim & goal of spirit (which is a synthesis of body & soul) is to transcend nature in the unique moment of decision = devotion (that moment which is in itself a synthesis of temporality & eternity). Therefore, from the point of view of the existing thinker, it is subjective time which is real whereas objective time is an illusion. As regards the second thesis it is argued that although Kierkegaard opposes the Hegelian view that the contingent becomes necessary by its receding into the past, he does not thereby deny that the past is, in a certain sense, unchangeable (for if it was not, either there would be nothing to repent, or the subjective truth of repenting & forgiving might also be an illusion; but that is truly absurd). In fact, my main point is that although Kierkegaard denies the possibility of imposing motion onto logic, his very own reflections concerning the dialectics of being and existence make an important contribution to a new logic of time and motion in time.

The Hunger of Martha Nussbaum

2002 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Galt Harpham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Nations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Martha Nussbaum ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Central Idea ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Academic Philosopher

The immediate problem confronted by readers of Martha Nussbaum's early work is that, from a professional point of view, the quality of mind behind the arguments seems far superior to the arguments themselves. From the point of view of the academic philosopher, Nussbaum is far too heavily invested in literature; while, from the point of view of the professional literary critic, she is far too deeply committed to a principle of realism, even to an affective relationship with literary characters, that is incompatible with academic norms. The central idea in her early work is not in fact conceptual or critical at all, but rather moral: a fundamental transformation of life based on a relinquishing of mastery,a submission of the mind to emotion, especially erotic emotion. Nussbaum has commented on the formative impact of an adolescent reading of Plato's Phaedrus, in which she identified herself with the younger partner of the Platonic homosexual couple, the apprentice learner bound to the master by erotic and intellectual ties, and we can see in Nussbaum'searly work residues of this identification. In ''phase two'' of Nussbaum'swork, we can, however,trace a further conversion, in which Nussbaum positions herself not as the apprentice but as the master. In most of the work she has produced since the late 1980s, the values and orientations of her early work are precisely inverted: emotions are now checked or carefully contained, an emphasis on erotic passion is transformed into a zeal for social and educational reform, the personal gives way to the cosmopolitan and even the universal; Stoic or Kantian reason becomes the dominant emphasis as Nussbaum attempts to articulate a general account of ''the human.'' Nussbaum's public disputes over the past decade reveal, in addition to the differences that continue to separate her from her contemporaries, a complex attempt to negotiate the differences that divide her from herself. The most characteristic gesture of the work of the past ten years is an often-revised ''List of Human Capabilities'' that she proposes as a way of guiding quality-of-life assessments, especially in developing nations. The conception behind such a list may represent, as her critics charge, a grossly unprofessional failure of professionalism, as well as moral arrogance; but it may also, perhaps, actually be useful.

The Holy Spirit and time in contemporary Catholic and Protestant theology

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-409
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Vondey
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Theology Of The Cross ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Modern Cosmology ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Cross

Contemporary Catholic and Protestant theology has transposed the scientific debate on time into an eschatological discussion about subjective time and objective time. This discussion can be made intelligible in the context of modern cosmology if we allow contemporary eschatology to be transformed by a pneumatological approach to time. In the self-giving of the Holy Spirit into time, the ‘wheel of history’ is identical with the eschatological arrow of history. This is exemplified in a theology of the cross which locates the eternal power of the cross not in the human act of anamnesis by recalling in the present Christ's sacrifice as an event of the past, but in the Holy Spirit who liberates Christ's historical sacrifice on the cross from its temporal coordinates and propels the redemptive act throughout time towards any person in history. A pneumatological approach to time suggests that eschatology is determined not only by the end and the consummation of the present in the future but also by the perpetuation of the present moment through the power of God unfolding in time in the operation of the Holy Spirit. If it can be shown that this is true not only for a theology of the cross, then it may be possible to say, in general, that the unique finality and collective character of God's work of salvation at any moment in history is made possible by the perpetuating work of the Holy Spirit as the eternal lord of time and history.

scholarly journals Skrifbeskouing en Skrifhantering: Marcus Borg en die Hervormde Kerk – ʼn Vergelykende studie

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Van Eck
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

Marcus Borg, one of the most prominent New Testament scholars in the past four decades, is considered by many in the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa as a liberal scholar. His understanding of the origin of the Bible, the way he interprets the Bible, and what he sees as the status and function of the Bible, should therefore be dismissed. A comparison of Borg’s point of view on these topics with that of the points of view of the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa, however, indicates that Borg’s understanding of these matters differs not even marginally from that of the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa. In a certain sense, Borg could therefore be described as a theologian who fits the mould of what is understood in the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa as a responsible approach to and interpretation of the Bible.

scholarly journals Reestablishing the Analytical Thinking of Students: A Buddhist Solution to Modern Educational Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kustiani
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Educational Crisis ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
The Mind

Education is important aspect for human beings. Education can be done formally or informally. In Buddhist point of view, education should be done as long as the life of a person. It is done throughout the samsaric journey until someone becomes an enlightened one, becoming a non learner (asekha). In the modern education, various facilities are provided to produce a very good graduate. However this easy access is challenged by the emergence of bad habit of students i.e. copying and pasting data from internet without doing analysis.The solution to this bad habit has to be found because it will cut off the analytical thinking of students. The lack of analytical skill makes student become unproductive in many aspects. As the result, they are not having the ability to think comprehensively, and not having the ability to raise a new idea or to solve the problem correctly. That is why many students are just keeping silent in the class without able to rise or to answer question Human is a being with a higher mind than animal. Human being is called manussa in Pali term. Literally, manussa means “higher mind”. It means that a human being has special ability to understand matter relating to the past, present and future by comparing and contrasting well. This definition also indicates that the mind of human can be developed until its maximum capacity, intellectually or spiritually. This article try to explore some alternatives ways in managing modern education to obtain maximum intellectual and spiritual goal for millennial generations.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Time and Space in Sociological Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
patrick john burnett
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Sociological Inquiry ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mind

To date, there has been much emphasis on, and critical inquiry into, the variety of ways sociological theories examine social life, social organization, and human conduct within and between the past and present time horizons. Under the auspice that no authentic anticipation of what we may 'have to be' (future) is possible without borrowing from the resources of what we already 'have been' (past) and 'currently are' (present), sociological inquiry has been primarily focused on the relationship of an experiencing person (or persons) within the complexities of past events and present circumstances as a means to reveal insights toward the future of social organization. The reasons for this focus on investigations into past and present time horizons are because they are facilitated by the presence of an observable and material reality consisting of identifiable documents and tangible objects that can be identified, observed, interpreted and measured. Whereas, investigations into the future are working within a different reality status all together, one that does not contain identifiable material and empirically accessible facts, thus making it much more difficult to study in that it is focused on a reality that does not yet exist. Given that only materialized processes of the past and present have the status of factual reality (what is real is observable), conclusions and predictions about future events, which are essentially beyond the realm of the material and observable, remain at the level of the senses, as an aspect of the mind, and are seen as belonging to the realm of the 'ideal' and the 'not the real'. This paper walks through these considerations in detail and examines how a focus on time and space can help us better understand the ways in which social beings act.

Automatism — a medico-legal conundrum

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Paul T. d'Orbán
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mens Rea ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Natural Justice ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mind

AbstractDuring the past 35 years, a series of Court decisions have developed and refined the concept of automatism, defined in law as unconscious involuntary action. Two varieties of automatism have come to be recognised. In insane automatism, the absence of mens rea is caused by disease of the mind, and the defence leads to an insanity verdict with compulsory detention in hospital. In non-insane automatism, the mind is affected by some external factor and the findings result in complete acquittal. However, from the medical point of view, the distinction between exogenous and endogenous factors is naive and may lead to decisions that are contrary to natural justice and common sense. The main practical problems arise because of the mandatory commital to hospital when there is an insanity verdict and legal reform is required.

Humor as Violation and Deprecation: A Cognitive Anthropological Account

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Grant Purzycki
Keyword(s):  
Individual Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Target Individual ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Schematic Knowledge ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Way

AbstractOver the past few centuries, scholars have expressed a number of models of humor which are divergent, but potentially complementary. Specifically, the Incongruity Hypothesis posits that humor is our confrontation with a stimulus that is surprising or inconsistent with the way we normally view the world. The Hermetic Hypothesis maintains that the incongruity of humorous statements or events exploits shared cultural (i.e., schematic) knowledge. The Deprecation Hypothesis suggests that humor involves lowering the status of a target individual, group, or object. This paper tests a number of predictions derived from these approaches using statements that isolate the types of violations in both form (i.e., schematic or ontological template violations) and content (i.e., deprecating or non-deprecating). Using cognitive anthropological approaches to the mind, the present results suggest that the most effective forms of humor are deprecating, schematic violations.

scholarly journals The main features of the lingvo-cultural type “teacher” in the Russian and English lingvo-cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
Natalia Bhatti ◽  
Maria Zakharova ◽  
Elena Kharitonova ◽  
Elena Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
World View ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
State University ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mind

We study distinctive characteristics of lingvo-cultural type “teacher” in educational sphere in Russian and English lingvo-cultures. A comparative analysis of the given type on three linguistic levels is presented: conceptual, perceptual and associative fields. The choice of the lingvo-cultural type “teacher” for analysis is justified by the present global situation which highlights the importance of the profession regardless of time and place. The paper consists of the 6 main sections (abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references). The body of the research includes the experiment section. We conducted a survey: an internal (among the bachelor students of Moscow Region State University) as well as an external (administered via online among the English natives). All the respondents were offered a sample questionnaire (a set of questions and prompts to collect information about a “typical” teacher’s appearance, age, gender, family status, origin, occupation, communicative behavior, etc.) Analyzing survey experimental data we came to the conclusion that the typified personalities are socially significant and vital both in the English and Russian lingvo-cultures, have fixed conceptual characteristics, recognizable and easily identified on mental and linguistic levels. Though the existing and revealed due to the experiment differences in mentality, world-view and religion between the West and Russia find their expression in a certain aloofness and detachment of an American /British teacher / professor from social life. The overall positive attitude to the image of the teacher / professor in both lingvo-cultures is connected with a high social position of this type of personality and shows an everlasting respect to the status of the mentor in the mind of English or Russian speakers. The carried out research has shown the increasing interest in linguistic personology as a new branch of linguistics. The research can be continued and advanced from the point of view of lingvo-culturology, psychology and sociology.

Chelovek.RU/Человек.RU

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Sergei Avanesov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Philosopher ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pavel Florensky ◽  
The Moment

Abstract. The article analyzes the autobiography of the famous Russian philosopher, theologian and scientist Pavel Florensky, as well as those of his texts that retain traces of memories. According to Florensky, the personal biography is based on family history and continues in children. He addresses his own biography to his children. Memories based on diary entries are designed as a memory diary, that is, as material for future memories. The past becomes actual in autobiography, turns into a kind of present. The past, from the point of view of its realization in the present, gains meaning and significance. The au-thor is active in relation to his own past, transforming it from a collection of disparate facts into a se-quence of events. A person can only see the true meaning of such events from a great distance. Therefore, the philosopher remembers not so much the circumstances of his life as the inner impressions of the en-counter with reality. The most powerful personality-forming experiences are associated with childhood. Even the moment of birth can decisively affect the character of a person and the range of his interests. The foundations of a person's worldview are laid precisely in childhood. Florensky not only writes mem-oirs about himself, but also tries to analyze the problems of time and memory. A person is immersed in time, but he is able to move into the past through memory and into the future through faith. An autobi-ography can never be written to the end because its author lives on. However, reaching the depths of life, he is able to build his path in such a way that at the end of this path he will unite with the fullness of time, with eternity.

Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cecília Avelino Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
City Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.

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