Forsvar for evnen til at være ensom

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
Odo Marquard
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Human Need

The essay “Forsvar for evnen til at være ensom” (Defense of the capability of being alone) is a critical examination of the growing solitude in modern society. On basis of the assumption that modern age is the age of loneliness, Marquard claims that the problem for modern man is not loneliness in itself, but rather the decreasing capability of being alone. What haunts human beings in modern society is not the increase of solitude but the fact that they become still more unable to experience loneliness in a positive way. Marquard in his essay suggests different forms of such positive experience of loneliness and defends the claim that loneliness is not first and foremost a burden, but rather a fundamental human need.

Allegories of Creativity and Territory

PMLA ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Bartra
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Death Of God

Ecology defines territory as an area defended by an organism or a group of similar organisms with the purpose of pairing off, nesting, resting, and feeding. The defense of this space frequently brings about an aggressive behavior toward intruders and the marking of boundaries by means of repulsive chemical odors. Human beings, though they lack a precise ecological niche and are capable of adapting themselves to diverse spaces, also define territorial limits, from which emanate particular aromas that identify certain social groups. This is a question not of chemical perfumes but rather of codified cultural effusions that fill these groups with pride, even though they may, on occasion, strike others as repulsive. Many years ago, theories established that modern society impels a relentless process of deterritorialization and decodification, a process that tends to be ill regarded by ecologists, the populist left, fundamentalists, and conservatives. The proponents of this idea in the 1970s, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, stated in their renowned but forgotten book Anti-Oedipus (1972) that this process would end in the liberation of “desiring machines” and the dismantling of the oppressive state, in the same way that the death of God announced by Nietzsche was to be a liberating catastrophe. It is curious that these theories should end up hermetically codified and entombed beneath the seven seals of postmodernism and deconstruction, in the territory of an insufferable and unnecessary jargon.

scholarly journals Developing Pandemic Prevention and Control by ANP-QFD Approach: A Case Study on Urban Furniture Design in China Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2653
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Khairul Manami Kamarudin ◽  
Yuqi Liu ◽  
Jinzhi Zou
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Furniture Design ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
And Control

Background: An infectious disease can affect human beings at an alarming speed in modern society, where Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a worldwide pandemic, posing grave threats to public security and the social economies. However, as one of the closest attachments of urban dwellers, urban furniture hardly contributes to pandemic prevention and control. Methods: Given this critical challenge, this article aims to propose a feasible solution to coping with pandemic situations through urban furniture design, using an integrated method of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). Eight communities in China are selected as the research sites, since people working and living in these places have successful experience preventing and containing pandemics. Results: Three user requirements (URs), namely, usability and easy access, sanitation, and health and emotional pleasure, are determined. Meanwhile, seven design requirements (DRs) are identified, including contact reduction, effective disinfection, good appearance, social and cultural symbols, ergonomics, smart system and technology and sustainability. The overall priorities of URs and DRs and their inner dependencies are subsequently determined through the ANP-QFD method, comprising the House of Quality (HQQ). According to the theoretical results, we propose five design strategies for pandemic prevention and control. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that the incorporated method of ANP-QFD has applicability and effectiveness in the conceptual product design process. This article can also provide a new perspective for pandemic prevention and control in densely populated communities in terms of product design and development.

scholarly journals The Birth of the Idea of Perfectibility: From the Enlightenment to Transhumanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
O. A. Vinogradova ◽  
A. V. Ugleva (Yastrebtseva)
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Human Feature ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Modern Technologies

Starting from the Age of Enlightenment, a person’s ability of self-improvement, or perfectibility, is usually seen as a fundamental human feature. However, this term, introduced into the philosophical vocabulary by J.-J. Rousseau, gradually acquired additional meaning – largely due to the works of N. de Condorcet, T. Malthus and C. Darwin. Owing to perfectibility, human beings are not only able to work on themselves: by improving their abilities, they are also able to change their environment (both social and natural) and create favorable conditions for their existence. It is no coincidence that perfectibility became the key concept of the idea of social progress proposed by French thinkers in the Age of Enlightenment, despite the fact that later it was criticized, above all, by English authors, who justified its organic and biological nature and gave a different evolutionary interpretation to this concept, without excluding perfectibility from the philosophical vocabulary. In this article, we address the opposition and mutual counterarguments of these two positions. Beyond that, we draw a parallel with some of the ideas of S. Kapitsa, who proved to be not only a critic of Malthusianism but also a direct disciple of Condorcet. In the modern age, the ideas of human self-improvement caused the development of transhumanist movement. Condorcet is more relevant than ever, and today his theory of the progress of the human mind, which influenced the genesis of modern historical science, needs a re-thinking in the newest perspective of improving the mental and physical human nature with the help of modern technologies.

scholarly journals The implications of nostalgia in German modern sociology

Sociologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-236
Author(s):  
Ana Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Georg Simmel ◽  
Social Loss ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Traditional Communities

In this article, I deal with nostalgia as an implicit category in the 19th-century German sociological discourses. I draw on the approaches that argue that sociology can be seen as a nostalgic social science since the sociologists? discourses were focused on the issues of causes, characteristics, and consequences of the modern age for individuals and society. Trying to explicate modern society, usually by comparing it to the premodern forms of social order, modern sociologists shaped dichotomous categories that were used for the definition of basic sociological concepts, one of the typical ones being the dichotomy between modern society and traditional communities. I here argue that modern sociologists constructed their theories in relation to the idea of a lack or loss, i.e. in relation to the question of what the modern society left behind during its growth: community, spirit or freedom. An alternative, a solution, or simply a utopian object for making comparison are found exactly in the object that is lost - in the nostalgic reflection on those aspects of humanity that were no longer possible in the modern age. Hence, I argue that modern sociology can be defined as a certain discourse on social loss. This will be elaborated on the examples of theories of Ferdinand Tonnies, Max Weber, and Georg Simmel.

scholarly journals Tävlandet inom idrotten

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonny Hjelm
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Competitive Sport ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Behavioral Science Research ◽  
Point Of Departure

The article describes and analyses the behavioral science research on sport in Sweden and how “competitive sport” was treated between 1970 and 2010, as “modern sport” came to be called in Sweden. The point of departure is that sports researchers have not only analyzed but also influenced how sport in associations and schools has developed. In modern society men and women in science have a legitimacy and authority that give them good opportunities to influence opinions and concrete policies. The article describes the fundamental criticism that Swedish sports researchers for 40 years have directed at competition in sport. It is also shown that this criticism has been accompanied by a very positive description of other forms of sport, including games. The article concludes, with a critical examination of the sports researchers’ analysis of “competitive sport”, among other things their superficial understanding of “competition” and the lack of analyses and problematisations of informal competitions.

Richard Wright’s Mission

2018 ◽  
pp. 86-104
Author(s):  
Marilyn Nissim-Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
South Side ◽  
Native Son ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Human Need

Some readers of Wright’s work have criticized him for failing to portray healthy human connection or solidarity. In her chapter, Marilyn Nissim-Sabbat maintains that Wright was deeply aware that people could only live as human beings through meaningful relations with one another. Wright understood both that the human need for solidarity runs deep and that the ability to forge it can be damaged. Without such solidarity, alienation from oneself and others will crush “Bigger” and Bigger-like characters on the South Side of Chicago and globally. Wright therefore championed the healing made possible by qualitatively enlarging our lived-experience of and with one another. Essential to articulating and acting on this need is a critical theory of transcendence that is implicit in Wright’s work. Such a theory emerges in this essay through a critique of Simone de Beauvoir’s views on identity politics and cross-group identity in The Second Sex as contrasted with parallel discussions by Wright in Native Son.

Design and Implementation of Green Design in Architectural Design System

2014 ◽  
Vol 716-717 ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Jing Xi ◽  
Xin Jian Chu
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Green Design ◽  
Design System ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Green Consumption ◽  
The Real

In this paper, green design in modern society has many applications; green design has become a kind of fashion, people's consumption consciousness also gradually turned to green consumption. The real green design has not only the design itself, it was elevated to a kind of culture; promotion is a kind of spirit. For a nation, a community and all the field of culture and cultural phenomenon is of universal significance, is the nationality, is also the world, the real green design will never be out of date, it will develop with the development of the times, and always with people's life, and thus influence people's fife. The environmental protection, the "green building", beautiful and comfortable, it includes day lighting is ventilated, environmental pollution, noise insulation, sound insulation, traffic, beautify, etc. This is all indoor stylist people bring sensuous pleasure. The relationship between human beings and the environment is very harmonious with the environment; make the person, and style, forms, a full expression to care, An environmental atmosphere, A complete and free of personal space.

scholarly journals Threats to Belonging Threaten Health: Policy Implications for Improving Physical Well-Being

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Jaremka ◽  
Naoyuki Sunami
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Marital Distress ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Empirically Supported Interventions

Human beings have an innate need to form caring social bonds and be loved by others. Thwarting this basic human need should have negative health consequences. This article begins by reviewing empirical evidence linking belonging threats to concrete health outcomes and medical conditions. Next, alterations in immune function and appetite regulation are examined as two peripheral physiological mechanisms that partially explain how threats to belonging impact health. Empirically supported interventions that attenuate threats to belonging are also discussed. Throughout, the article focuses on loneliness, marital distress, and lack of perceived social support as three indices of belonging threats because they are commonly studied in the health context. Improving belonging, via reducing loneliness and marital distress and increasing social support, should thus be a focus for policy makers.

Human Nature in International Relations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jacobi
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Political Anthropology ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Starting Point

“Human nature” is not a notion that has originated from theories of world politics. On the contrary, it represents one of the oldest points of reference in various cultural traditions of thought. An aspect, however, that makes the current status of the human in international relations (IR) interesting is the fact that since the 1980s, the discipline has undergone a rigorous and critical examination of its core terminologies. Above all, this effort has led scholars to become aware of the concurrent appropriations of their terms: once as scientific concepts and once as ontological facts. However, while various aspects of the human have always found their way into the theorization of world politics, so far the actual impact of the equally diverse “models of man” on the latter has hardly been subjected to systematic consideration. Observing “human nature” not only as a “naturally given fact” but also as an observational concept connects IR with the broader literatures on how the (political) world may be interpreted and analyzed. The proposition to begin a reappraisal of “human nature’s” framing effects on the basis of the distinction of anthropological and post-anthropological approaches (Human Beings in International Relations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2015) calls upon IR scholars to appreciate what happens when they study world politics through a lens that either places the human at the center of its observations or one that opts to decenter it to different extents. A reflection on the distinction of an international political anthropology and an international political post-anthropology as a starting point for theory building then not only draws attention to what is included and excluded in regard to the human when studying world politics. It moreover exposes how different views on the (post)human come to shape different theoretical architectures. What is more, it also reveals that such foundations do not run parallel to the classical IR heuristic of distinct paradigms. A closer look at their post-human foundations then shows how much these schools of thought, once conceived as highly coherent, have now been differentiated internally. The said absence of a systematic debate on the status of the human in the IR theories also poses a challenge to this article. Not only is the human still rarely reflected upon as a theoretical core concept; at the same time, parallel debates exist that are guided less by theoretical frameworks but rather by the problems that arise from specific ideas about the post-human. In this sense, this article also pursues a dual strategy: on the one hand, the listing either of obvious or subtle uses of post-human views by various theoretical traditions, and on the other hand, the identification of specific core problems that have formed in the wake of specific angles on the post-human. Since inquiries into the post-human also include an intersection of IR theories with other scientific literatures, the article also features text references that will help readers find their way into the state of the art of those important adjacent debates.

scholarly journals Some Sociological, Medical and Legislative Views on Video Game Addiction (A Slovenian Case Study)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Jana Goriup ◽  
Alexander Arnuš
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Video Game Addiction ◽  
Game Addiction ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Transformation Of Consciousness ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractMillions of people worldwide play video games; also in Slovenian post-modern society. Most of them do it for enjoyment, yet a small number of individuals show traits associated with addictive behaviour when interacting with their games. The authors in the article point out that, compared to drug abuse, there exist some more approachable life-related activities that can lead to addiction. They stimulate the excretion of endorphins and lead to the transformation of consciousness. Addiction to video games is an ostensible attempt to satisfy the immanent human need for meaning. The economy of the Slovenian young consumer society inspires it and is based on “learning” of these alienated needs. The modern hyperpragmatic society makes it possible for young people to have a fragmented identity and places them under the pressure of constant choice of (formally open opportunities). The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the reader with possible causes, clinical signs and methods of treatment of this disorder in Slovenian postmodern society, and explain the reasons why currently no medical textbook in the world contains any information regarding video game addiction. We intend, further, to demonstrate that gaming has become a type of “sport” in certain countries and demonstrate how potentially devastating even this type of addiction can be. The authors present the results of a research, which was undertaken on a sample of 350 individuals, to determine the appearance of indicators of behavioural addiction to video games and their connection with some family factors. They determine that through addiction to video games, post-modern societies have developed an addictive identity.

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