scholarly journals Sexual torture among Arabic-speaking Shi’a Muslim men and women in Iraq: Barriers to healing and finding meaning

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Christopher Einolf
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Sexual Torture ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Introduction: Rape and sexual torture are frequent experiences among torture survivors, but relatively little is known about how victims respond to and find meaning in these experiences. Method: This study used secondary qualitative interview data from 47 male and female Shi’a Arab victims and survivors of sexual torture and rape in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq to examine how sexual torture affected them, what were the barriers to healing, how they found meaning in their experiences, and how their experiences varied by gender. Results: Respondents experienced profound psychological effects that lasted for years, including: shame, feeling broken and prematurely aged, and wanting to isolate themselves from others. Most female victims who were unmarried at the time of sexual torture never got married. Many survivors found meaning in their experiences by defining their suffering as unjust, placing their experience in the context of a hopeful narrative of Iraqi history, turning to religion, and calling for vengeance upon their persecutors. Discussion: The results of this study show how survivors of sexual torture, most of whom did not receive psychological treatment, draw upon their own resources to find meaning in existential trauma.

Career and/or Motherhood? Gender and the LDS Church

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 776-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid J. Leamaster ◽  
Mangala Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Cultural Schemas ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Lds Church ◽  
Set Up

This article examines the ways in which the gendered religious schemas pertaining to career and motherhood are set up and reinforced by the Latter Day Saints (LDS) Church and how these schemas affect the everyday lives of Mormons. We show how gender, class, and region intersect and impact how religious individuals interpret gendered religious schemas. Analysis of qualitative interview data shows that for very religious men and women, the gendered cultural schemas of work and motherhood are distinct and tend to constrain women. Considering the intersections of class with gender, the analysis shows that some middle-class Mormons reject oppositional cultural schemas and value work and career for women. Further, we find that Mormons outside of the cultural stronghold of Utah are more likely to reject Mormon religious schemas that pit career and motherhood as competing ideologies. In fact, some women participants describe being enabled in their careers by Mormon religious schemas.

scholarly journals Male Victims at a Dutch Sexual Assault Center: A Comparison to Female Victims inCharacteristics and Service Use

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Milou L. V. Covers ◽  
Janna Teeuwen ◽  
Iva A. E. Bicanic
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Assault Characteristics

Recently, there has been an increase in referrals of male victims of sexual assault to interdisciplinary sexual assault centers (SACs). Still, there is limited research on the characteristics of men who refer or are referred to SACs and the services they need. To facilitate the medical, forensic, and psychological treatment in SACs, a better understanding of male victims is indispensable. The first aim of the study was to analyze the victim and assault characteristics of male victims at a Dutch SAC, and to compare them to those of female victims. The second aim was to analyze and compare SAC service use between male and female victims. The victim characteristics, assault characteristics, and service use of 34 male victims and 633 female victims were collected in a Dutch SAC. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to analyze differences between male and female victims. No differences between males and females in victim or assault characteristics were found. Most victims received medical and psychological care, with no differences between male and female victims. Female victims were more likely to have contact with the police, but no differences in reporting or forensic medical examinations between males and females were found. These findings indicate that SACs can and do provide equal services to male and female victims, and that the current services are suitable for male victims as well. However, a focus on educating and advising male victims about police involvement is advisable.

scholarly journals Gender Dimensions in Disaster and Safety Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
MinJi Lee ◽  
Gunhui Chung
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
The Public ◽  
Female Responses

Research shows that disasters affect women more adversely than men especially in developing countries due to differences in socio-cultural customs or physical condition. However, in developed countries, not much difference was found in the percentage of male and female victims of disaster. In South Korea, disasters cause severe damage almost every year, thus the public interest in disaster and safety management is increasing. However, due to insufficient data, it is difficult to analyze whether women suffer more severely than men or not. Therefore, in this study, we reviewed Korea’s disaster management laws and guidelines. In addition, a questionnaire survey was implemented to analyze the level of the public awareness related to disasters and safety management. A total of 489 adults participated in the survey. As a result, it was found that both men and women were not well aware of the possibility of a disaster, and needed to be educated about the locations of shelters and evacuation procedures. Gender analysis showed significant differences in male and female responses concerning some questions. For example, women found it difficult to access disaster and safety management education. Nevertheless, men and women showed similar willingness to participate in disaster and safety management education and training. Therefore, disaster and safety management education programs should be developed and implemented more actively. In addition, it was suggested that sex and age of the victims should be reported and female investigators should be included in the disaster damage investigation team.

Toward Understanding the Contributions of Sex and Situation to Behavior in a College Setting

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-883
Author(s):  
Nancy Lipsitt ◽  
Rose R. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
College Setting ◽  
Female Subjects

The relative contribution of sex and situation has become a contested issue in the understanding of sex differences in behavior. In the present study, 20 male and 20 female undergraduates were asked to describe their behavior and thoughts in six everyday college situations. Three of the situations were constructed to be typically male and three typically female in content. The results indicate that men and women demonstrate sex-specific characteristics in their responses regardless of the type of situation presented. Men exhibited concern with separateness from others, while women exhibited concern with sustaining connection to others, even when faced with situations described to present demand properties that might be expected specifically to elicit the concern characteristic of the other sex. However, for these students the situation also made a difference: female-defined situations elicited the most masculine responses for both male and female subjects.

scholarly journals Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among Norwegian Cancer Survivors: Gender-Specific Prevalence and Associations for Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnete E. Kristoffersen ◽  
Arne J. Norheim ◽  
Vinjar M. Fønnebø
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
Cam Use ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The associations for CAM use are only occasionally differentiated by gender in populations where both male and female cancer survivors occur. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of CAM use in individuals with a previous cancer diagnosis and to investigate gender differences regard to factors associated with use. A total of 12982 men and women filled in a questionnaire with questions about life style and health issues. Eight hundred of those had a previous cancer diagnosis of whom 630 answered three questions concerning CAM use in the last 12 months. A total of 33.8% of all cancer survivors reported CAM use, 39.4% of the women and 27.9% of the men (). The relationship between the demographic variables and being a CAM user differed significantly between men and women with regard to age (), education (), and income (). Female CAM users were more likely to have a university degree than the nonusers, while male CAM users were more likely to have a lower income than the nonusers. According to this study, prevalence and factors associated with CAM use differ significantly between male and female survivors of cancer.

Psychological Effects of Caffeine on Players Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ali Gill ◽  
Komal Shahbaz ◽  
Dr. Muhammad Tahir Nazeer
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Primary Effect ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Attention Level

The present study conducted to check the effects of caffeine on players performance through survey research. A caffeine-based 20 Statements (questionnaire) filed to the players, who were regular consumers of caffeine. 20 statements mentioned related to the positive effects of caffeine. Most of the players, who addicted to take caffeine on regularly basis approved all statements which showed that caffeine could affect the athlete's performance. The majority athletes agreed that caffeine enhanced their concentration, alertness and attention level. The primary effect of caffeine on vigilance granted by most of the players. Caffeine can enhance the working capacity of players by increasing their vigilances. Results show that caffeine helped them to train longer and harder which showed its benefits between male and female athletes, especially in off-season training periodization.

scholarly journals Ambivalent Gender Identities in Contemporary African Literature: A Butlerian Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Léonard KOUSSOUHON ◽  
Fortuné AGBACHI
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
African Literature ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Good Will ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
The Way

<p>This paper is an attempt to examine the way male and female participants perform gender in 03 novels, <em>Everything Good Will Come</em> (2006), <em>Swallow</em> (2010) and <em>A Bit of Difference</em> (2013), by a contemporary Nigerian writer called Sefi Atta. The study draws on Gender Performative Theory as developed by the feminist Butler (1990/1999). This theory considers gender identities as being socially constructed. The study highlights the multiple ways in which male and female participants perform gender according to established social norms in the selected novels. Regarding the existing social norms in Nigeria, the findings by scholars like Fakeye, George and Owoyemi (2012), Mejiuni and Awolowo (2006), Bourey et al (2012), Gbadebo, Kehinde and Adedeji (2012), Okunola and Ojo (2012) exude that men are traditionally portrayed as career people, assertive, powerful and active, independent and violent while women are stereotypically depicted as housewives, submissive, powerless and passive, dependent and non-violent (or victims). Based on the above dichotomies between men and women, the study unveils the ideology that underpins gender performances in the novels.</p>

Staying ‘stoked’: Surfing, ageing and post-youth identities

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Wheaton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
South West ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Ways Of Being ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Equipment Performance

Surfing has consistently been framed as a youth focused, male-dominated sport and culture. Despite surfing’s ageing demographic, neither the ways in which age impacts on surfing identities and mobilities, nor older surfer’s experiences and subjectivities, has been given scholarly attention. In this paper, I discuss research exploring the experiences and identities of middle-aged and older recreational male and female surfers in the south and south-west of England. The research illustrates that participation in surfing as a sport and lifestyle remains highly significant for some men and women through middle-age and into retirement. I consider the cultural barriers and challenges in dealing with a loss in physical performance through ageing, such as adaptations to their equipment, performance, and style, and the implications for how individuals negotiate bodily capital, space and identity. Nonetheless, older surfers also embrace different ways of being a surfer which challenge some of the more exclusionary aspects of surfing identities. Theoretically the paper develops an intersectional approach to sporting identity that explicitly recognises and accounts for the contribution of age to social identity. The research also contributes to the growing literature on physically active ‘post-youth’ leisure lifestyles, illustrating how shifting definitions of ageing have given ‘rise to new expectations, priorities and understandings’ of sporting lifestyles amongst those in middle age, and beyond.

Nature and extent of online and offline Islamophobia

Islamophobia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Zempi ◽  
Imran Awan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Victims

This chapter reveals the nature of Islamophobia targeted towards ‘visible’ Muslims both online and offline. The chapter highlights that this victimisation is likely to be experienced as a continuing process, rather than as a single incident occurring online or offline, and reflects upon the tendency of victims not to report such incidents to the police. Participants highlighted that the visibility of their Muslim identity was key to being identified as Muslims, and thus triggering online and/or offline Islamophobic attacks. Both male and female victims remained ‘invisible’ in the criminal justice system, especially in relation to experiences of online hate.

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