Ruchy osuwiskowe w świetle badań dendrogeomorfologicznych na podstawie analizy osuwiska Sawickiego w Beskidzie Niskim = Landsilde movements based on dendrogeomorphological research based on a analysis of the Sawicki Landslide in the Beskid Niski mts

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.7163/9788361590835 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Krzysztof Kiszka ◽

Keyword(s):

Spatial Organization ◽

Research Area ◽

Core Sample ◽

Published Data ◽

Research Station ◽

Yearly Variation ◽

Spatial Complexity ◽

Landslide Activity ◽

Geomorphological Mapping ◽

Temporal And Spatial

Research concerns the problem of landslide movement, which is one of the most important geomorphological processes in the Carpathians. The aim of the studies is to determine the temporal and spatial complexity of landslide activity and to demonstrate the suitability of using different species of conifers in the dendrogeomorphological method. The Sawicki landslide located in Beskid Niski Mts., which is one of the largest landslides in the Polish Flysch Carpathians, was selected for dendrogeomorphological analysis. The dendrogeomorphological method and geomorphological mapping were used in the research. 1078 samples from conifers (fir, spruce, larch and pine) growing on the Sawicki landslide and its immediate surroundings were taken using an increment borer in 2013- 2018. The cores were taken from the upslope and downslope side of the tree stump. The width of annual tree rings were measured for each extracted core sample. The landslide activity was assessed on the basis of the eccentricity, the eccentricity index and its yearly variation. Geological and topographic maps, published data on landslides activity in the research area, precipitation data from the Research Station in Szymbark (Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization Polish Academy of Science) for 1968-2017 and from the meteorological station in Krynica (Institute of Meteorology and Water Management) for 1881-2010 were also used for dendrogeomorphological research of Sawicki landslide. The research shows that the Sawicki landslide is characterized by varied temporal and spatial complexity of landslide activity. The dynamics of displacements within the research sites and research sub-sites, including various fragments of landslides, and movements of colluvial packages is spatially mosaic and chaotic in time. Mass movements covering almost the entire surface of the landslide occurred in the years 1913-1914 and 1974-1975, while in the years 1888, 1906-1907, 1916, 1918, 1929, 1965, 1973, 1980, 1983-1985, 1997 landslide activity was recorded only in its particular parts. The largest variation in the dynamics of landslide movements is characteristic for the period 1970-1985. It was also found that in the initial stage of formation of the landslide tongue, the colluviums movement is disordered. During further downhill movement, the direction of displacement is arranged. Periods of Sawicki landslide activity refers to extremely humid years (62%) and wet years (48%) and they are consistent with the years of landslides activity in Szymbark, listed in the current literature of the subject. The most predisposed conifer species to dendrogeomorphological analysis were spruce, larch and fir. Despite its limitations, the dendrogeomorphological method is a useful tool in landslide activity research.

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Hospital design and the temporal and spatial organization of nursing activity

Work & Stress ◽

10.1080/02678379208259958 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 277-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. Gadbois ◽

P. Bourgeois ◽

M. M. Goeh-Akue-Gad ◽

J. Guillaume ◽

M. A. Urbain

Keyword(s):

Spatial Organization ◽

Hospital Design ◽

Nursing Activity ◽

Temporal And Spatial

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An automated GC-C-GC-IRMS setup to measure palaeoatmospheric δ13C-CH4, δ15N-N2O and δ18O-N2O in one ice core sample

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-6-2027-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 2027-2041 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

P. Sperlich ◽

C. Buizert ◽

T. M. Jenk ◽

C. J. Sapart ◽

M. Prokopiou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ice Core ◽

Gold Catalyst ◽

Isotope Ratios ◽

Core Sample ◽

Ion Source ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Published Data ◽

Core Samples ◽

Stable Conditions ◽

Ch4 And N2o

Abstract. Air bubbles in ice core samples represent the only opportunity to study the mixing ratio and isotopic variability of palaeoatmospheric CH4 and N2O. The highest possible precision in isotope measurements is required to maximize the resolving power for CH4 and N2O sink and source reconstructions. We present a new setup to measure δ13C-CH4, δ15N-N2O and δ18O-N2O isotope ratios in one ice core sample and with one single IRMS instrument, with a precision of 0.09, 0.6 and 0.7‰, respectively, as determined on 0.6–1.6 nmol CH4 and 0.25–0.6 nmol N2O. The isotope ratios are referenced to the VPDB scale (δ13C-CH4), the N2-air scale (δ15N-N2O) and the VSMOW scale (δ18O-N2O). Ice core samples of 200–500 g are melted while the air is constantly extracted to minimize gas dissolution. A helium carrier gas flow transports the sample through the analytical system. We introduce a new gold catalyst to oxidize CO to CO2 in the air sample. CH4 and N2O are then separated from N2, O2, Ar and CO2 before they get pre-concentrated and separated by gas chromatography. A combustion unit is required for δ13C-CH4 analysis, which is equipped with a constant oxygen supply as well as a post-combustion trap and a post-combustion GC column (GC-C-GC-IRMS). The post-combustion trap and the second GC column in the GC-C-GC-IRMS combination prevent Kr and N2O interferences during the isotopic analysis of CH4-derived CO2. These steps increase the time for δ13C-CH4 measurements, which is used to measure δ15N-N2O and δ18O-N2O first and then δ13C-CH4. The analytical time is adjusted to ensure stable conditions in the ion source before each sample gas enters the IRMS, thereby improving the precision achieved for measurements of CH4 and N2O on the same IRMS. The precision of our measurements is comparable to or better than that of recently published systems. Our setup is calibrated by analysing multiple reference gases that were injected over bubble-free ice samples. We show that our measurements of δ13C-CH4 in ice core samples are generally in good agreement with previously published data after the latter have been corrected for krypton interferences.

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DOC sources and DOC transport pathways in a small headwater catchment as revealed by carbon isotope fluctuation during storm events

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-11-3043-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3043-3056 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

T. Lambert ◽

A.-C. Pierson-Wickmann ◽

G. Gruau ◽

A. Jaffrezic ◽

P. Petitjean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

High Flow ◽

Published Data ◽

Storm Events ◽

Transport Pathways ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

High Flow Period ◽

Doc Flux ◽

Headwater Catchment

Abstract. Monitoring the isotopic composition (δ13CDOC) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during flood events can be helpful for locating DOC sources in catchments and quantifying their relative contribution to stream DOC flux. High-resolution (< hourly basis) δ13CDOC data were obtained during six successive storm events occurring during the high-flow period in a small headwater catchment in western France. Intra-storm δ13CDOC values exhibit a marked temporal variability, with some storms showing large variations (> 2 ‰), and others yielding a very restricted range of values (< 1 ‰). Comparison of these results with previously published data shows that the range of intra-storm δ13CDOC values closely reflects the temporal and spatial variation in δ13CDOC observed in the riparian soils of this catchment during the same period. Using δ13CDOC data in conjunction with hydrometric monitoring and an end-member mixing approach (EMMA), we show that (i) > 80% of the stream DOC flux flows through the most superficial soil horizons of the riparian domain and (ii) the riparian soil DOC flux is comprised of DOC coming ultimately from both riparian and upland domains. Based on its δ13C fingerprint, we find that the upland DOC contribution decreases from ca.~30% of the stream DOC flux at the beginning of the high-flow period to < 10% later in this period. Overall, upland domains contribute significantly to stream DOC export, but act as a size-limited reservoir, whereas soils in the wetland domains act as a near-infinite reservoir. Through this study, we show that δ13CDOC provides a powerful tool for tracing DOC sources and DOC transport mechanisms in headwater catchments, having a high-resolution assessment of temporal and spatial variability.

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Improvement and Impacts of Forest Canopy Parameters on Noah-MP Land Surface Model from UAV-Based Photogrammetry

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12244120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4120

Author(s):

Ming Chang ◽

Shengjie Zhu ◽

Jiachen Cao ◽

Bingyin Chen ◽

Qi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Land Surface Model ◽

Tree Height ◽

Research Area ◽

Underlying Surface ◽

Surface Model ◽

Parameter Distribution ◽

Research Station ◽

Ecosystem Research

Taking a typical forest’s underlying surface as our research area, in this study, we employed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to explore more accurate canopy parameters including the tree height and canopy radius, which were used to improve the Noah-MP land surface model, which was conducted in the Dinghushan Forest Ecosystem Research Station (CN-Din). While the canopy radius was fitted as a Burr distribution, the canopy height of the CN-Din forest followed a Weibull distribution. Then, the canopy parameter distribution was obtained, and we improved the look-up table values of the Noah-MP land surface model. It was found that the influence on the simulation of the energy fluxes could not be negligible, and the main influence of these canopy parameters was on the latent heat flux, which could decrease up to −11% in the midday while increasing up to 15% in the nighttime. Additionally, this work indicated that the description of the canopy characteristics for the land surface model should be improved to accurately represent the heterogeneity of the underlying surface.

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Role of different planting techniques in improving the water logging tolerance and productivity of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v50i3.25585 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 193-198

Author(s):

M Aslam ◽

HM Nasrullah ◽

M Akhtar ◽

B Ali ◽

M Akram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Root Zone ◽

Research Area ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Research Station ◽

Root Zones ◽

Water Logging ◽

Arid And Semiarid

Sesame is a well known oil seed crop in arid and semiarid region of Pakistan and its productivity is affected due to sensitiveness to water logging in the root zones. The experiment was conducted at research area of Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur during the year 2010 and 2011. The crop was sown by three different planting techniques i.e. flat sowing with 45cm apart rows, ridge sowing with 45cm apart, bed sowing with 60/30 cm i.e. 60 cm wide beds with 30 cm furrow between the beds. The data revealed that maximum number of plants wilted in flat planting as compared to other methods of planting were taken in this experiment. It was also recorded that bed planting at 90cm apart beds gave maximum grain yield of 843 kg ha-1 followed by ridge planting (seed spreading by broadcast and with augmented furrows) with a grain yield of 811 kg ha-1. The lowest yield was obtained from conventional method of sowing which gave 349 kg ha-1 grain yield. Water logging stress in the root zone can successfully be avoided by planting sesame on beds or ridges under climatic conditions of Bahawalpur.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(3), 193-198, 2015

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THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ARRIVAL PATTERN OF DENDROCTONUS BREVICOMIS IN PONDEROSA PINE

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent108271-3 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 108 (3) ◽

pp. 271-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Frederick M. Stephen ◽

Donald L. Dahlsten

Keyword(s):

Sierra Nevada ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Second Generation ◽

Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽

Research Station ◽

Significant Linear Correlation ◽

Sierra Nevada Mountains ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

The University ◽

Arrival Pattern

AbstractContinuous trapping on the bark surface of trees infested with Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte was carried out during six beetle generations from June 1969 to November 1971, at the University of California’s Blodgett Forest Research Station in the central Sierra Nevada mountains. Significant linear correlation was found between the density of D. brevicomis trapped on the surface of infested trees and the initial within-tree beetle densities. In the first beetle generation, mass arrival was rapid and intense (averaging 1167 beetles per 2.7 sq. dm of trapping surface on each tree, during a mean of 8.8 days). The arrival patterns during this generation were quite consistent between trees. During the second generation, mass arrival was prolonged over a mean of 19.4 days and fewer beetles were trapped ( per 2.7 dm2 of trapping area per tree). The patterns of arrival were more variable during this second generation. In generation 1, with the exception of one tree, the beetles were distributed equally at the three trapping heights (4.5, 7.5, and 10.5 m). In generation 2 they were more abundant on the traps at the lower portions of the tree.

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Cell Death in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Development

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.185.15.4585-4592.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 185 (15) ◽

pp. 4585-4592 ◽

Cited By ~ 383

Author(s):

Jeremy S. Webb ◽

Lyndal S. Thompson ◽

Sally James ◽

Tim Charlton ◽

Tim Tolker-Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Cell Death ◽

Spatial Organization ◽

Normal Component ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Multicellular Development ◽

Flow Cells ◽

Viable Cells ◽

Temporal And Spatial ◽

Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT Bacteria growing in biofilms often develop multicellular, three-dimensional structures known as microcolonies. Complex differentiation within biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs, leading to the creation of voids inside microcolonies and to the dispersal of cells from within these voids. However, key developmental processes regulating these events are poorly understood. A normal component of multicellular development is cell death. Here we report that a repeatable pattern of cell death and lysis occurs in biofilms of P. aeruginosa during the normal course of development. Cell death occurred with temporal and spatial organization within biofilms, inside microcolonies, when the biofilms were allowed to develop in continuous-culture flow cells. A subpopulation of viable cells was always observed in these regions. During the onset of biofilm killing and during biofilm development thereafter, a bacteriophage capable of superinfecting and lysing the P. aeruginosa parent strain was detected in the fluid effluent from the biofilm. The bacteriophage implicated in biofilm killing was closely related to the filamentous phage Pf1 and existed as a prophage within the genome of P. aeruginosa. We propose that prophage-mediated cell death is an important mechanism of differentiation inside microcolonies that facilitates dispersal of a subpopulation of surviving cells.

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