scholarly journals Władze regionalne w zarządzaniu metropolitalnym. Polskie doświadczenia w odniesieniu do Kanady i regionu metropolitalnego Toronto = Regional authorities in metropolitan governance. Polish experience in the context of Canada and Toronto city-region

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-607
Author(s):  
Rafał Gajewski ◽  
Iwona Sagan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Metropolitan Governance ◽  
City Region ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

The article attempts to present dilemmas related to shaping metropolitan policy in Canada, and then relate them to problems occurring in Poland. It is a part of the debate on seeking the right governance configurations and discourses in response to the communities’ needs. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the scales of governance and socio-spatial relations in the Toronto metropolitan area. The article has been divided into four main parts. Part one outlines the theoretical framework and the context of the conducted analyses. Part two describes the structures and processes of regional and metropolitan governance in Southern Ontario, with the earlier reference to the institutional conditions and directions of reforms characteristic of the whole of Canada. Part three of the study concerns the governance arrangements that may constitute important reference points for the scientific and political discourse taking place in Poland. Part four is an attempt to capture the similarities and universal premises that have a decisive influence on the processes of forming metropolitan structures and policies, both in Canada and in Poland. The assumption was made that, despite different historical and socio-cultural conditions, comparing Canadian and Polish experiences is justified, necessary and possible. Firstly, due to the reason that socio-spatial relations in various territorial systems are subject to the same development processes and the accompanying processes of transformation and adaptation. Secondly, residents (members of local, metropolitan, regional, national and supranational communities) have similar needs and expect a high quality of life. Decision-makers and actors of political scenes in different geographical spaces have (or may have) the same technologies, ways of information processing, access to knowledge and knowledge of socio-economic processes. They also face challenges related to the inclusion of citizens in decision-making processes. The analysis of metropolitan processes in both countries emphasizes the differences resulting from various historical and economic contexts of development and also makes it possible to identify universal mechanisms and regularities independent of these contexts. The practice of metropolitan policy proves that the process of re-territorialization of power structures and governance is shaped as a resultant of the impact of forces and interests at all levels of territorial authorities: central, regional and local. Based on the analysis of the processes of the formation of metropolitan structures in Canada and Poland, it can be stated that the rank and position of regional authorities play a key role in it. In Canada, strong regional authorities initiate actions for the shaping of metropolitan structures and formulate the scope of their competence and organization. The importance of central authorities for the dynamics of metropolitan processes is secondary in this case. The weakness of regional authorities in Poland leads to the inability to give metropolitan processes the dynamics of development and the legislative rank adequate for the role played by urban regions in the socio-economic development of the country. As evidenced by the example of Toronto, the evolution of the governance system in practice initiates the process of self-learning the system which goes from one to another phase of development, improving the quality of its operation. In Poland, however, the process of creation of governance structures adequate for realistically existing functional metropolitan areas has been stopped, notably, due to the unfavourable political decisions at the central level.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance Role in Improving the Financial Information Quality within the Saudi Electricity Company: دور حوكمة الشركات في تحسين جودة المعلومات المحاسبة في الشركة السعودية للكهرباء

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Hassan Baabbad
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Governance System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
The Impact

The present study aimed to find out the role of corporate governance in improving the quality of information in the Saudi Electricity Company. The researcher used the descriptive survey methodology. As to achieve the study objectives، the researcher utilized the questionnaire tool، in which the study sample (50) members of SEC distributed into employees، managers and decision makers. The study concluded to many results، among of which are: there is a statistically significant relationship between the availability of corporate governance system and performance improvement of the Saudi Electricity Company، there is a statistically significant relationship between corporate governance and appropriateness in improving the performance of the Saudi Electricity Company، it was also found that there is a statistically significant relationship between corporate governance and optimal disclosure in improving the performance of Saudi Electricity Company. The study also found that there is a statistically significant relationship between corporate governance and the right timing in improving the performance of the Saudi Electricity Company. The study suggested number of recommendations، among of which are: the importance of the shareholding companies to comply with the corporate governance regulations considering the interest of companies and their shareholders and all other parties benefiting from the financial statements، attempting to take advantage of the multiple benefits of corporate governance and expand its application in the various economic units in Saudi Arabia، conduct studies on companies that applies the requirement of the Corporate Governance Regulations، and the impact of the application of corporate governance on the shares of these units to find out the relationship between the quality of accounting information in light of the application of corporate governance and the stock market from another angle، imposing deterrent penalties concerning the Corporate Governance Regulations on companies that did not apply this regulation.

scholarly journals The AJE Summit 2020 Report: The Past, Present and Future of Japanese Language Education in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kojima ◽  
Marcella Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Language Education ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Report

Associations of teachers of Japanese play an indispensable role in assisting not only teachers but also learners and impacting society by offering resources and opportunities for the growth of in-service teachers and pre-service teachers such as postgraduate students. Enhancing the quality of the resources and opportunities is expected to become effective when they know each other, learn from each other and work together. For this purpose, the Association of Japanese Language Teachers in Europe hosted a summit where the representatives of 22 European countries gathered to discuss the current and the future of Japanese language education in Europe. The aim of the current report is to present general but up-to-date information about the teachers, learners, institutions, associations, and features and challenges of each country. Furthermore, this report will illustrate the key discussions of the summit on the challenges and the possible actions for the viable future of Japanese language education in Europe. The Authors hope to contribute to creating the reference points for larger future studies on such associations while reflecting on the impact the summit possibly had.

scholarly journals Innovative Forms of Economy and Sustainable Urban Development— Sharing Tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Tescașiu ◽  
Gheorghe Epuran ◽  
Alina Tecău ◽  
Ioana Chițu ◽  
Janez Mekinc
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Know How ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
New Business ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Sharing economy represents a new business model with an increasing impact on economic life by generating consequences for the traditional business sector. Considering its development during the last years, it is important to know how the governance system should react to the new challenges determined by this kind of doing business. The aim of the article is to identify and analyze some general issues regarding the impact on the sharing economy in tourism, based on a study regarding the needs determined by this business model in Brașov. Considering that tourism is a relevant sector for the “sharing” business type, the authors considered it important to get opinions about the way that the local authorities and stakeholders should contribute to the creation of a regulatory framework for sharing tourism, so, two focus-groups were organized. The respondents were chosen so that all kinds of stakeholders involved in tourism were represented. The results of the research revealed that even though there are some provisions regarding this sector, and despite the fact that local and regional authorities are preoccupied about regulations in sharing tourism, the most representative part of this sector is unregistered and it works according to its own rules.

scholarly journals Preventing financial statement frauds through better corporate governance

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sveva Magnanelli ◽  
Luca Pirolo ◽  
Luigi Nasta
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Financial Statement Fraud ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Acting within the agency theory theoretical framework, the paper focuses on the role of the corporate governance as a system to monitor and predict the fraud occurrence and magnitude. Specifically, the study examines the impact of the quality of the corporate governance of the firms, for which a fraud was detected, on the fraud occurrence and magnitude. We posit that fraudulent behaviours, by those who can take advantage of information asymmetry and gain personal benefits from them, can occur when strong agency problems emerge and a weak governance exists. Thus, the financial statement fraud can be seen as the result of high agency problems and high conflicts of interests not solved by the company. Starting from a sample of 101 listed companies, for which a fraud was detected, using a principal component analysis, we develop a corporate governance index, which measures the quality of the governance system of the firms. To test the hypothesis, we run a multinomial logistic regression on a cross-sectional analysis, controlling the results with a matched sample of firms that did not experienced any fraud. Empirical evidences seem to confirm the existence of a negative relationship between the quality of the corporate governance system of a firm and both the financial statement fraud occurrence and magnitude, indicating the governance system of the firm as a fraud deterrent for any amount of financial statement fraud. These findings are even stronger for firms characterized by the presence of a blockholder. This study contributes to the governance literature by focusing on the corporate governance quality and its impact on financial statement frauds. Moreover, the analysis suggests that a good level of governance can help companies to mitigate the agency problems and to detect fraudulent behaviours, thus our empirical evidence can guide regulators in developing regulations to avoid the fraud occurrence.

Impact of Quality of the Image, Orientation, and Similarity of the Stimuli on Visual Search for Faces

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally M Kuehn ◽  
Pierre Jolicoeur
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Distractor Type ◽  
Face Representation ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Evidence from a series of visual-search experiments suggests that detecting an upright face amidst face-like distractors elicits a pattern of reaction times that is consistent with serial search. In four experiments the impact of orientation, number of stimuli in the display, and similarity of stimuli on search rates was examined. All displays were homogeneous. Trials were blocked by distractor type for three experiments. In the first experiment search rates for faces amidst identical faces rotated by 180° were examined. No advantage was evidenced in searching for an upright face. The impact of the quality of the face representation was examined in the second experiment. Search rates are reported for a line-drawn and a digitized image of a face amidst identical faces rotated by 180°. Search was faster for digitized than for line-drawn faces. The findings of the first experiment for orientation were replicated. In the third and fourth experiments the impact of disrupting the facial configuration in distractors was examined and performance was contrasted for blocked and mixed trials, respectively, with the same stimulus set. Reaction times increased with the number of distractors in the display in all but the nonface condition, which produced a shallow slope suggestive of parallel search. Search amidst other distractors appeared to involve the conjoining of a specific set of features with specific spatial relations. The hierarchy of relevant configural dimensions was inconsistent across these two experiments, suggesting that the symmetry, top-down order of features, orientation of the face, and predictability of the distractor type may have an interactive effect on search strategies.

scholarly journals “When you are working in this environment, you’re more likely to get sick”: Mapping Care Relationships in LTC

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 931-931
Author(s):  
Andreina Marquez de la Plata Gregor ◽  
Katie Aubrecht ◽  
Tamara Daly ◽  
Ivy Bourgeault ◽  
Susan Braedley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Basic Care ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Care Relationships ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The pandemic has shone a light on problems within the long-term care (LTC) sector. As was true prior to COVID-19, many of the present issues in LTC can be traced to challenging working conditions, such as persistent understaffing of care workers. Working short-staffed means rushing through care, while only satisfying the most basic bodily needs of the resident. This presentation shares early findings from a thematic analysis of interviews conducted with seven care workers as part of the “Mapping Care Relationships” stream of the Seniors –Adding Life to Years (SALTY) project, a pan-Canadian research program that maps how promising approaches to care relationships are organized and experienced in LTC. The purpose of the analysis was to understand how short-staffing is affecting the formation and preservation of meaningful staff-resident relations, and what the impact is on quality of care. Two overarching themes emerged: 1) a relationship between time and work-place illness, injury and violence; 2) a relationship between care worker autonomy and resident quality of care. When working conditions do not support workers in voicing and/or addressing challenges they experience in the workplace, whether this results from understaffing or hierarchical power structures, care workers’ ability to deliver even basic care is jeopardized, and resident and worker health and wellness are placed at risk. Themes are discussed in the context of COVID-19 in light of responses to outbreaks in LTC that have reduced the availability of care workers, family visitors and volunteers, and emphasized top-down and even militarized approaches to care management.

scholarly journals Distance learning in medical education: an integrative review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Felipe Thomazin Panicio ◽  
Angelo Luis Tonon Santana ◽  
Fernando Torres Bermudes ◽  
Gabriela da Silva Pelegrino ◽  
Higor Maluta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Teaching Model ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Teaching Modality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consequent Improvement

Distance Education (DE) is a teaching modality established with the purpose of expanding the possibilities of access to education, promoting a democratization of access to knowledge. The objective of the work was to analyze the impact of telemedicine during medical training. The methodology was an integrative literature review to answer the PICO strategy (P: medical students; I: distance education; C: face-to-face education; O: telemedicine as a harmful factor): Can Telemedicine be harmful to medical training?It was observed that 90% of the students agreed that this methodology was motivating, and that it favored the active participation of the students. Distance education, when systematized and well applied, allows for greater interaction, improvement of knowledge in a flexible environment, with a consequent improvement in the quality of learning, however it should not aim to replace the traditional medical teaching model, much less when it comes to practical content.Keywords: education, education distance, medicine, students medical, telemedicine.

scholarly journals Congress and exhibition activity as a field of foreign economic activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Voronova ◽  
A. S. Liashchuk ◽  
S. A. Smirnova ◽  
M. E. Belokurova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Business Community ◽  
City Region ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Exhibition Industry

This article discusses congress and exhibition activities as a field of foreign economic activity in the context of the development of business activity and the attractiveness of the Russian Federation as a venue for major international events of various kinds.The congress and exhibition industry is a dynamically developing field, which is constantly looking for new opportunities to attract and retain consumers of services. This area has a great influence on the economic component, in connection with which companies need to constantly work on the quality of the services provided in order to be competitive in the market.During the study, the basic concepts in the congress and exhibition industry, its impact on various fields of activity, regional and global economics, the main formats of events, the impact of the congress and exhibition industry during events of various sizes on the development and implementation of innovative solutions conducive to development of the city, region and country as a whole, as well as methods for determining the effectiveness of the congress and exhibition event are disclosed.The study revealed that the preparation and holding of congress and exhibition events affects various areas of activity, including economic and political, since these events are an incentive for the emergence of mutually beneficial international cooperation, which, in turn, contributes to the formation of the country as a center of attraction for business community.

scholarly journals Social constructions of environmental services in a rapidly densifying peri-urban area under dual governance in Durban, South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Sutherland ◽  
Vicky Sim ◽  
Sibongile Buthelezi ◽  
Duduzile Khumalo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Traditional Authority ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
The Impact

Background: Biodiversity plays a critical role in improving the quality of life and resilience of poor urban communities in Durban. Objectives: However, the rapid densification that is taking place in the ‘rural periphery’ of the city is impacting significantly on the integrity of ecosystems, which provide valuable ecosystem services. It is also changing the relations between people and the environment. Mzinyathi and eSkebheni, in the north-west of Durban, are peri-urban areas located on Ingonyama Trust land and hence they are governed by both the traditional authority and the eThekwini Municipality. The settlement pattern is changing rapidly here as middle and upper income residents move into the area, changing the way of life from being rural and ‘traditional’ to urban and ‘modern’. Method: This paper focused on the nexus of rapid urban growth, dual governance systems, biodiversity loss and cultural change in these two areas. It adopted a qualitative methodology and social constructivist approach. Data on the value of environmental services in the area was collected through interviewing the traditional authority, provincial and municipal planners and environmentalists, and household members. Results: The paper revealed that environmental services are constructed in multiple ways within a particular socio-historical and political context, that they have value to peri-urban communities, and that their function and use is changing as a result of the ‘modernisation’ of the area. The impact of the dual governance system and traditional land allocation process on environmental services is significant. This has implications for long term sustainability, for the quality of life of peri-urban residents and for planning and urban governance.

scholarly journals Industrial production and administrative resources influence on the environmental situation in the Kuibyshev Region in the 1950s–1970s

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-260
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ivanovich Repinetskiy
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of the accelerated industrial development of the Kuibyshev Region in the 1950s and 1970s on the environmental situation in the region. The activities of defense, petrochemical, and machine-building industries had a negative impact on the quality of atmospheric air and drinking water. This had a negative impact on the health of the urban population. The conflict of interests between the plans of industrial development of the region and the need to preserve its environmental safety is considered. As a rule, the interests of economic development won, and the industrial potential of the region was constantly replenished with new industrial giants, which further worsened the environmental situation. The paper shows that the measures to improve it taken by the regional authorities and sanitary and epidemiological structures did not always lead to the desired results, since the interests of the industry leaders focused on the implementation of the planned tasks, while the interests of the population receded into the background. This led to the fact that the funds aimed at the environmental situation improvement were not fully developed. At the same time, the understanding of the enormous harm caused to the nature of the region by harmful industries forced the regional authorities to more actively defend its environmental safety.

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