scholarly journals The biomolecular characterization of a finger ring contextually dated to the emergence of the Early Neolithic from Syltholm, Denmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 191172
Author(s):  
Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen ◽  
Meaghan Mackie ◽  
Alberto John Taurozzi ◽  
Liam Thomas Lanigan ◽  
Carsten Gundelach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Protein Sequencing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

We present the analysis of an osseous finger ring from a predominantly early Neolithic context in Denmark. To characterize the artefact and identify the raw material used for its manufacture, we performed micro-computed tomography scanning, zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) peptide mass fingerprinting, as well as protein sequencing by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We conclude that the ring was made from long bone or antler due to the presence of osteons (Haversian canals). Subsequent ZooMS analysis of collagen I and II indicated that it was made from Alces alces or Cervus elaphus material. We then used LC-MS/MS analysis to refine our species identification, confirming that the ring was made from Cervus elaphus , and to examine the rest of the proteome. This study demonstrates the potential of ancient proteomics for species identification of prehistoric artefacts made from osseous material.

scholarly journals Exposure to the RXR agonist SR11237 in early life causes disturbed skeletal morphogenesis in a rat model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Dupuis ◽  
Michael Andrew Pest ◽  
Ermina Hadzic ◽  
Thin Xuan Vo ◽  
Daniel B. Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Calcified Tissue ◽  
Trap Staining ◽  
Tomography Scanning

AbstractLongitudinal bone growth occurs through endochondral ossification (EO), controlled by various signaling molecules. Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) is a nuclear receptor with important roles in cell death, development, and metabolism. However, little is known about its role in EO. In this study, the agonist SR11237 was used to evaluate RXR activation on EO.Rats given SR11237 from post-natal day 5 to 15 were harvested for micro-computed tomography scanning and histology. In parallel, newborn CD1 mouse tibiae were cultured with increasing concentrations of SR11237 for histological and whole mount evaluation.RXR agonist-treated rats were smaller than controls, and developed dysmorphia of the growth plate. Cells invading the calcified and dysmorphic growth plate appeared pre-hypertrophic in size and shape corresponding with P57 immunostaining. Additionally, SOX9 positive cells were found surrounding the calcified tissue. The epiphysis of SR11237 treated bones showed increased TRAP staining, and additional TUNEL staining at the osteo-chondral junction. MicroCT revealed morphological disorganization in the long bones of treated animals. Isolated mouse long bones treated with SR11237 grew significantly less than their DMSO controls.This study demonstrates that stimulation of the RXR receptor causes irregular ossification, premature closure of the growth plate, and disrupted long bone growth in rodent models.

Radiocarbon and Protein Analyses Indicate an Early Holocene Age for the Osseous Rod from Grenfell, Saskatchewan, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Ives ◽  
Duane Froese ◽  
Matthew Collins ◽  
Fiona Brock
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
North America ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

AbstractThe Grenfell bone rod resembles other instances of Clovis-era organic or osseous technology and has on a number of occasions been considered with other Clovis bone, antler, and ivory rods or beveled artifacts. It had been suspected of being constructed from proboscidean long bone. As an early discovery (made in 1883), the Grenfell artifact had somewhat obscure provenience details and a lengthy curatorial history. We describe accelerator mass spectrometry and zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry methods that allow rapid, minimally destructive determinations of both the age and the raw material composition of osseous artifacts. Our analysis reveals that the Grenfell artifact is actually a terminal Paleoindian-era manifestation made of bison bone. Similar methods could be more widely applied in North America in order to build more refined data sets for osseous technologies. These results also reveal the ease with which archaeologists can secure additional information from existing collections, highlighting our ethical obligations to do so.

Obsidian in the Early Neolithic of the Upper Vistula basin: origin, processing, distribution and use – a case study from Tominy (southern Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szeliga ◽  
Zsolt Kasztovszky ◽  
Grzegorz Osipowicz ◽  
Veronika Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Musical Note ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Vistula River

Abstract The inflow of the Carpathian obsidian into the areas on the northern side of the Carpathians and the Sudetes is confirmed as early as in the Palaeolithic. However, its greatest intensity occurred in the Early Neolithic, i. e. in the late 6th and in the first half of 5th millennia BC. During that period, the phenomenon was closely related with the development of the Danubian cultural groups in the upper Vistula river basin, including especially Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and Malice Culture. The constant presence of this raw material products in mentioned areas is documented from the classical (musical-note) phase of LBK, constituting one of the most expressive pieces of evidence of permanent and intense intercultural contacts with communities of the northern Carpathian Basin. This phenomenon has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature. One of the most numerous LBK obsidian inventories in the upper Vistula river basin was obtained at site 6 in Tominy, located in southern Poland, in the non-loess zone of the Sandomierz Upland northern foreground. The above-mentioned collection, its non-destructive elemental analysis, using Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and also traceological analysis, is the subject of this article. The results supplement the published data to a significant extent, simultaneously providing partial verification and updating of the current state of knowledge on the basic issues related to the Early Neolithic obsidian inflow into areas located North of the Carpathians, including primarily the origin of the raw material, the scale of its processing and distribution ways, as well as the range of its use by the LBK communities.

scholarly journals Engineering and Manufacturing Technology of Green Epoxy Resin Coatings Modified with Recycled Fine Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Krzywiński ◽  
Łukasz Sadowski ◽  
Damian Stefaniuk ◽  
Aleksei Obrosov ◽  
Sabine Weiß
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Recycled Fine Aggregate ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

AbstractNowadays, the recycled fine aggregate sourced from construction and demolition waste is not frequently used in manufacturing of epoxy resin coatings. Therefore, the main novelty of the article is to prepare green epoxy resin coatings modified with recycled fine aggregate in a replacement ratio of natural fine aggregate ranged from 20 to 100%. The microstructural properties of the aggregates and epoxy resin were analyzed using micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. The macroscopic mechanical properties were examined using pull-off strength tests. The highest improvement of the mechanical properties was observed for epoxy resin coatings modified with 20% of natural fine aggregate and 80% of recycled fine aggregate. It has been found that even 100% of natural fine aggregate can be successfully replaced using the recycled fine aggregate with consequent improvement of the pull-off strength of analyzed epoxy resin coatings. In order to confirm the assumptions resulting from the conducted research, an original analytical and numerical failure model proved the superior behavior of modified coating was developed.

Magnetic Bead-Based Salivary Peptidome Profiling Analysis for Severe Early Childhood Caries

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Si ◽  
Shuang Ao ◽  
Weijian Wang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Shuguo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: To investigate the differential salivary protein expression profiles between children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and caries-free (CF) children at the age of 3 years. Methods: We used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) combined with weak cation exchange magnetic beads, and peptide mass fingerprints were created by scanning mass spectrometry signals. Salivary samples from 20 children were analyzed (10 for each group). Results: Eleven protein peaks were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Eight of these peaks were higher in the S-ECC group and three were higher in the CF group. To establish a diagnostic model for discrimination between the two groups, we chose three peptides (3,186.2, 3,195.8 and 3,324.8 Da) that exhibited the best fitted curve, by which the two groups were better separated when compared with other combinations. Conclusions: The salivary biomarkers identified revealed significant differences between the CF and the S-ECC group. Our results provide novel insight into the salivary protein profile of preschool-age children with dental caries and may lead to the development of a new strategy for screening high-risk populations.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Chronology of the Shigir and Gorbunovo Archaeological Bog Sites, Middle Urals, Russia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 783-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia E Zaretskaya ◽  
Sönke Hartz ◽  
Thomas Terberger ◽  
Svetlana N Savchenko ◽  
Mikhail G Zhilin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
First Time ◽  
Late Mesolithic ◽  
Ams Dates

Two well-known archaeological sites, the peat bogs of Shigir and Gorbunovo (Middle Urals, Russia), have been radiocarbon dated (61 conventional and accelerator mass spectrometry [AMS] dates from various natural and artifact samples). For the first time, a detailed chronology of Early to Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic occupation for this region has been obtained, and a paleoenvironmental history reconstructed. Based on these results, we propose that the Mesolithic settlement of the Middle Urals region started in the early Holocene, at the same time as in central and eastern Europe.

Influence of a titanium mesh on the management of segmental long bone defects

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Papadimitriou ◽  
A. D. Galatos ◽  
N. N. Prassinos ◽  
D. Psalla ◽  
M. Dalstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Size ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Bone Block ◽  
Titanium Mesh ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Critical Size Defect ◽  
Group B

SummaryObjectives: To evaluate the influence of titanium mesh on guided bone regeneration when used, either alone or in combination with autogenous bone block graft, in a canine ulnar model.Methods: Thirty-two, purpose bred, adult, castrated male Beagles were used, divided into four equal-size groups. A unilateral middiaphyseal ulnar critical-size defect was created in each dog. The ulnar segments were stabilized with a stainless-steel plate and screws. Each defect was managed by: no further treatment (Group A) or by placement of a bone block graft taken from the ipsilateral iliac crest (Group B), or titanium mesh wrapped around the ulna (Group C), or a bone block graft and titanium mesh (Group D). After six months, bone block biopsies were performed and the samples were scanned using micro-computed tomography. Qualitative histological evaluation was performed on two non-decalcified longitudinal sections from each block.Results: No significant differences in terms of mineralized bone volume were detected between the grafted sites (Groups B and D) or between the non-grafted ones (Groups A and C). The histological evaluation indicated good integration of the bone blocks irrespective of the use of titanium mesh.Clinical significance: The use of titanium mesh does not influence the amount of bone formation. The canine ulnar critical-size defect model seems to be a reliable model to use in experimental studies.

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