scholarly journals The spatial dimension of maritime connectivity: The case of Northern Europe and the Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rania Tassadit Dial ◽  
Gabriel Figueiredo de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandra Schaffar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The Mediterranean

Fusaproliferin, beauvericin and enniatins: occurrence in food – a review

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santini ◽  
G. Meca ◽  
S. Uhlig ◽  
A. Ritieni
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Occasional Occurrence ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Feed Safety

The present review summarises data on the prevalence and concentration of fusaproliferin, beauvericin and enniatins in small grains, maize and processed grain-based foods. These fungal secondary metabolites possess interesting biological activities and are presently often referred to as 'emerging mycotoxins'. They have been considered as less important since they are likely not of acute toxicity. However, their high prevalence in foodstuffs, occasionally in higher mg/kg concentrations, warrants an assessment of their true importance for food (and feed) safety. Thorough surveys that determine the contamination of raw and processed foods with fusaproliferin, beauvericin and enniatins are still scarce and are generally limited to Northern Europe and the Mediterranean. The reported data suggest a connection between the observed concentrations and climate. The data further suggest that humans might be exposed continuously to low levels of enniatins as these compounds were of particularly high prevalence in the surveys. The highest concentrations of enniatins were reported from Spain and Northern Africa (maximum concentration of enniatin A1 814 mg/kg in rice from the Spanish market), while concentrations were significantly lower in Northern Europe (maximum concentration of enniatin B 18.3 mg/kg in wheat from Finland). Beauvericin appears to be of low significance in grains from cooler climates while it has been reported to occur at concentrations of tens of mg/ kg in Southern Europe and Morocco (maximum concentration 59 mg/kg in maize from Morocco). Fusaproliferin has been least investigated. Several reports from the Mediterranean show its occasional occurrence up to 19.6 mg/ kg in rice from Morocco, while its natural occurrence in cooler climates seems to be more rare.

Atmospheric mercury distribution in Northern Europe and in the Mediterranean region

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (17) ◽  
pp. 3019-3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wängberg ◽  
J. Munthe ◽  
N. Pirrone ◽  
Å. Iverfeldt ◽  
E. Bahlman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Mercury Distribution ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Distribution of hydrogen peroxide, methyl hydroperoxide and formaldehyde over central Europe during the HOOVER project

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-340
Author(s):  
T. Klippel ◽  
H. Fischer ◽  
H. Bozem ◽  
M. G. Lawrence ◽  
T. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Microphysical Parameters ◽  
Methyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cloud Scavenging ◽  
Source Of Error

Abstract. In this study we report measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH) and formaldehyde (HCHO) from the HOx OVer EuRope (HOOVER) project (HOx=OH+HO2). HOOVER included two airborne field campaigns, in October 2006 and July 2007. Measurement flights were conducted from the base of operation Hohn (Germany, 54° N, 9° E) towards the Mediterranean and to the subpolar regions over Norway. We find negative concentration gradients with increasing latitude throughout the troposphere for H2O2 and CH3OOH. In contrast, observed HCHO is almost homogeneously distributed over Central and Northern Europe and is elevated over the Mediterranean. In general, the measured gradients tend to be steepest entering the Mediterranean region, where we also find the highest abundances of the 3 species. Mixing ratios of these tracers generally decrease with altitude. H2O2 and CH3OOH show maxima above the boundary layer at 2–5 km, being more distinct over Southern than over Northern Europe. We also present a comparison of our data with simulations by two global 3-D-models, MATCH-MPIC and EMAC, and with the box model CAABA. The models realistically represent altitude and latitude gradients for both HCHO and hydroperoxides (ROOH). In contrast, the models have problems reproducing the absolute mixing ratios, in particular of H2O2. Large uncertainties about retention coefficients and cloud microphysical parameters suggest that cloud scavenging might be a large source of error for the simulation of H2O2. A sensitivity study with EMAC shows a strong influence of cloud and precipitation scavenging on the budget of H2O2 as simulations improve significantly with this effect switched off.

scholarly journals Recent trends in summer atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic/European region: is there a role for anthropogenic aerosols?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Buwen Dong ◽  
Rowan T. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
European Region ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Fast Responses

AbstractThe variability of the westerly jet stream and storm track is crucial for summer weather and climate in the North Atlantic/European region. Observations for recent decades show notable trends in the summer jet from 1970s to 2010s, characterized by an equatorward migration over the North Atlantic accompanied by a poleward migration and weakening of the Mediterranean jet over Europe. These changes in atmospheric circulation were associated with more cyclonic storms traveling across the UK into northern Europe, and fewer over the Mediterranean, leading to wet summers in northern Europe and dry summers in southern Europe.In this study we investigate the potential drivers and processes that may have been responsible for the observed changes in summer atmospheric circulation, with a particular focus on the role of anthropogenic aerosols (AA). We conduct attribution experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced with observed changes in sea surface temperatures/sea ice extent (SST/SIE), greenhouse gas concentrations and AA precursor emissions. Comparison between the model results and observations strongly suggests that fast responses to AA changes were likely the primary driver of the observed poleward migration and weakening of the Mediterranean jet, with changes in SST/SIE playing a secondary role. The simulated response shows good agreement with the observed changes in both magnitude and vertical structure, which suggests that common mechanisms - involving aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions - are responsible. By contrast, changes in the North Atlantic jet are influenced in the model experiments by changes in both Atlantic SST/SIE (which may themselves have been influenced by changes in AA) and fast responses to AA. In this case, however, there are significant differences between the model response and the observed changes; we argue these differences may be explained by biases in the model climatology.

scholarly journals Three cases of mucoromycosis in patients with diabetes mellitus (Moscow region)

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A. V. Dreval' ◽  
V. A. Gubkina ◽  
T. S. Kamynina ◽  
V. A. Loseva ◽  
E. V. Mel'nikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
General Term ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Mediterranean

Mucoromycosis is an aggressive fungal infection, the so-called phytomycosis is a general term for the spectrum of diseases caused by Mucorales class fungi [2]. Mucoromycosis is rare in Northern Europe (occasionally imported from the countries of the Mediterranean or America), which often leads to fatal diagnostic errors. In the last decade, cases of mucoromycosis have been reported in the Moscow region; our experience in treating this disease may prove useful to endocrinologists.

scholarly journals Preservation of the Mediterranean Identity: An Intra-City Analysis Towards a Macro-Regional Approach for the Characterisation of Urban Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Feleki ◽  
Charisios Achillas ◽  
Christos Vlachokostas ◽  
Alexandra Michailidou ◽  
Leticia Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
High Interaction ◽  
The Mediterranean

Globalisation combined with high urbanisation trends affects not only the traditional pillars of sustainability (environment, society, and economy), but also local identity. Customs and traditions are fading away and alienation is the result of new lifestyles deriving mainly from high interaction between locals and foreigners (focus on tourism). Facing the challenge of characterising urban sustainability, reflection on special characteristics of the urban fabric that are affected (spatial dimension of sustainability) is not always considered. Even though a lot of research is dedicated to the characterisation of urban areas’ sustainability, the element of local, regional, and macro-regional identity seems not to be systematically incorporated. This work attempts to develop and test a methodological framework to identify and prioritise the common symbolic elements that constitute the identity of a group of cities and that need to be sustained. The study focuses on the Euro-Mediterranean region. A survey is addressed to 64 scientists from five cities: Dubrovnik, Genoa, Rhodes, Valencia, and Venice. “Urban structure” is revealed as the most important element that constitutes the “Mediterranean identity”. Moreover, the level of threat deriving from mass tourism on the “Mediterranean identity” is estimated. The survey provides insight into the definition of the spatial dimension of sustainability and the determination/weighting of the case-specific component of an integrated urban sustainability assessment tool.

Comparison of the Eating and Cooking Habits of Northern Europe and the Mediterranean Countries in the Past, Present and Future

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Rumm-Kreuter
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mediterranean

It was already possible to demonstrate in the 50s that the Mediterranean countries have significantly less coronary heart disease than northern Europe and the USA and that this correlated closely with the diets of people in the Mediterranean region. Consequently, the traditional Mediterranean corresponds to the ideas of dietetics about a preventive diet with its high percentage of fruit, vegetables, cereal products legumes, olive oil and its slight share of animal products. However, an increase of the share of animal products can be detected in the diet of the Mediterranean populations with increasing wealth to the detriment of basic foodstuffs on a vegetable basis and their positive effects. This is reducing the preventive effect of the diet. The dietary situation is also becoming worse in northern Europe, which was already found to be unfavorable in the 60s. The reasons for this development can be found in the substantial socioeconomic changes throughout all of Europe over the past 40 years. A return or reversal to the Mediterranean way of eating would be desirable due to its positive effects. But the strong trend to convenience products and eating out is in opposition to this.

New records of the non-native amphipod Ampithoe valida in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Faasse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
Ampithoe Valida ◽  
The Mediterranean

The amphipod,Ampithoe valida, presumably native to the Atlantic coast of North America, has been recorded from several other parts of the world. Hitherto, the only published records from Europe originate from Portugal. Evidence is presented that this species has been introduced to northern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as well.

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