Comparison of the Eating and Cooking Habits of Northern Europe and the Mediterranean Countries in the Past, Present and Future

2001 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Rumm-Kreuter
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mediterranean

It was already possible to demonstrate in the 50s that the Mediterranean countries have significantly less coronary heart disease than northern Europe and the USA and that this correlated closely with the diets of people in the Mediterranean region. Consequently, the traditional Mediterranean corresponds to the ideas of dietetics about a preventive diet with its high percentage of fruit, vegetables, cereal products legumes, olive oil and its slight share of animal products. However, an increase of the share of animal products can be detected in the diet of the Mediterranean populations with increasing wealth to the detriment of basic foodstuffs on a vegetable basis and their positive effects. This is reducing the preventive effect of the diet. The dietary situation is also becoming worse in northern Europe, which was already found to be unfavorable in the 60s. The reasons for this development can be found in the substantial socioeconomic changes throughout all of Europe over the past 40 years. A return or reversal to the Mediterranean way of eating would be desirable due to its positive effects. But the strong trend to convenience products and eating out is in opposition to this.

scholarly journals The Beneficial Health Effects of Vegetables and Wild Edible Greens: The Case of the Mediterranean Diet and Its Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9144
Author(s):  
Elena Chatzopoulou ◽  
Márcio Carocho ◽  
Francesco Di Gioia ◽  
Spyridon A. Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MD) concept as currently known describes the dietary patterns that were followed in specific regions of the area in the 1950s and 1960s. The broad recognition of its positive effects on the longevity of Mediterranean populations also led to the adoption of this diet in other regions of the world, and scientific interest focused on revealing its health effects. MD is not only linked with eating specific nutritional food products but also with social, religious, environmental, and cultural aspects, thus representing a healthy lifestyle in general. However, modern lifestyles adhere to less healthy diets, alienating people from their heritage. Therefore, considering the increasing evidence of the beneficial health effects of adherence to the MD and the ongoing transitions in consumers’ behavior, the present review focuses on updating the scientific knowledge regarding this diet and its relevance to agrobiodiversity. In addition, it also considers a sustainable approach for new marketing opportunities and consumer trends of the MD.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ECOLOGY OF FICUS CARICA L. IN DAGHESTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Aminat Radzhabovna GABIBOVA
Keyword(s):  
Practical Interest ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Northern Border ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mediterranean

Ficus carica L. is one of the famous fruit trees from ancient times, which is grown all over the world. The wild fig plants are found from the Mediterranean to the Northwestern India. It is widely cultivated in the subtropical area such as the Mediterranean countries, Iran, Arabia, China, Japan, the USA (California) and Chile. The territory of Daghestan is the Northern border of distribution of the fig. This paper presents the ecological conditions of growing the fig populations in Daghestan. The results show large variability in the growing conditions of the fig plants in all the studied natural habitats. In five areas where the species F. carica L. grow in Daghestan, the plants show high intraspecific variability – the habitual polymorphism. Taking into account the fact that the fig in this region is located on the Northern border of its distribution and the fact that it is listed in the Red Book of Daghestan, the study of this species is of great scientific and practical interest.

scholarly journals Population health and Mediterranean diet in southern Mediterranean countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (8A) ◽  
pp. 1130-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekia Belahsen ◽  
Mohamed Rguibi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Southern Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn recent decades, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders has increased worldwide; the objective here is to describe the situation in southern Mediterranean countries.ResultsData derived from surveys in the region countries showed that in 2002 more than 60% of all deaths in the southern Mediterranean region are attributed to NCDs. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) caused from about 34.3 to 52% of all deaths, making it the major killer among NCDs. In almost all of the southern Mediterranean countries, CVD risk factors increased with age, affected more women and urban area and were significantly associated with obesity. The Mediterranean dietary pattern, generally recognised, as a healthy diet is still the model for southern Mediterranean population; however, following the rapid process of urbanisation, southern Mediterranean populations have changed their lifestyle and food habits and tend to shift from traditional food habit. Indeed, intake trends illustrate the fall in whole-grain intake with a rise in animal sources and vegetable oils. Dietary energy has been steadily increasing by approximately 1000 kcal per capita per day between 1965 and 2000, exceeding per caput energy requirements. Protein and carbohydrate contribution to the energy intake show only small deviations and fat contribution to the energy intake is low, whereas fibre intake is generally low and that of SFA is high. Also, sedentarity appears to play a critical role in the development of body fat and may be a risk indicator for features of metabolic syndrome.ConclusionThe major goal to prevent CVD should begin by preventing obesity through physical exercise and healthy nutrition. The nutritional prevention policy required should encourage population to adhere to the Mediterranean model.

Archaeology in the 21st century: six modest recommendations

Antiquity ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (249) ◽  
pp. 829-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Andrew Mcdonald
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Careers ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Usa

My age-fellows and I, whose professional careers over the past 50 years or so have been devoted to college teaching in the USA and whose fieldwork was conducted mainly in Mediterranean countries, will scarcely see the opening of the next century. Perhaps the most useful contribution veterans like us can now make to the overall discipline – not just to our own ‘wing’ — is to outline certain problems that have particularly disturbed us during our active careers. Younger colleagues – the new decisionmakers – can then judge whether our criticisms are well founded and, if so, what can (or should) be done to alter present practices and attitudes If our concerns are reasonable and our recommendations for remedial action are constructive, we can at least hope that useful discussion will result – particularly in the disciplinary subdivision with which we have been most closely associated.

scholarly journals  Bluetongue: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 430-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sperlova ◽  
D. Zendulkova
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Control

 Bluetongue is a non-contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by a virus within the Orbivirus genus of the family Reoviridae and transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. It is a reportable disease of considerable socioeconomic concern and of major importance for the international trade of animals and animal products. In the past, bluetongue endemic areas were found between latitudes 40°N and 35°S; however, bluetongue has recently spread far beyond this traditional range. This is in accordance with the extension of areas in which the biting midge Culicoides imicola, the major vector of the virus in the “Old World”, is active. After 1998 new serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) were discovered in Southern European and Mediterranean countries. Since 2006 BTV-serotype 8 has also been reported from the countries in Northern and Western Europe where Culicoides imicola has not been found. In such cases, BTV is transmitted by Palearctic biting midges, such as C. obsoletus or C. dewulfi, and the disease has thus spread much further north than BTV has ever previously been detected. New BTV serotypes have recently been identified also in Israel, Australia and the USA. This review presents comprehensive information on this dangerous disease including its history, spread, routes of transmission and host range, as well as the causative agent and pathogenesis and diagnosis of the disease. It also deals with relevant preventive and control measures to be implemented in areas with bluetongue outbreaks.  

scholarly journals Moving towards a Healthier Dietary Pattern Free of Ultra-Processed Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Rosa Casas
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Uk

In recent years, ultra-processed food (UPF) intake has increased worldwide, representing almost 60% of total dietary intake in several countries such as the USA and the UK, and around 17 to 24% in the Mediterranean countries, such as Spain and Italy, respectively [...]

Mediterranean

Anthropology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionigi Albera
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Symbolic Geography ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The Mediterranean does not occupy a central position in the symbolic geography of anthropology. This field of regional specialization was established rather late and not without difficulties. It was in Anglophone milieus that the institutionalization of this branch of studies manifested itself most coherently. This development rested on the growth of “modern” ethnographic research in this area, where “modern” stands for research done using the intensive fieldwork method established in the first decades of the 20th century for university-trained scholars in British and American anthropology. Ethnographic work in the Mediterranean region experienced a growth since the 1950s and was articulated with the development of comparative approaches especially in the 1960s and 1970s. In spite of the complexity of this endeavor, several efforts were made to establish a circum-Mediterranean perspective, partially under the shadow of Braudel’s chef-d’oeuvre. Among different possible frameworks (national states, southern Europe, Middle East, or some portions of those wholes), a circum-Mediterranean perspective was without doubt the larger one, probably the most ambitious—and also the vaguest, as several critics would put it. A crisis took hold progressively beginning in the 1980s, when the field of Mediterranean anthropology was shaken by a number of severe criticisms, in debates provoked by some attempts (themselves in some cases rather polemical) to more explicitly define the contours of a social and cultural anthropology of the Mediterranean. Moreover, the crisis of the Mediterranean as a category of regional comparison in anthropology was part of a general epistemological conjuncture that undermined the efforts aimed at establishing comparative frameworks also in other parts of the world. Since the 2000s there has been a renewed interest in a Mediterranean level of comparison in anthropology. A new epistemological space has been opened that is not a simple return to the past. The effort to avoid fragmentation of research and to realize a renewed comparativism implies an enlargement of perspectives via a conversation with national traditions of research that remained marginalized for a long time and by means of a closer dialogue with other disciplines, most of all history. Some works have revisited Mediterranean anthropology, often uniting anthropologists of the “metropolis” and researchers from Mediterranean countries. Several authors recognize the necessity of avoiding particularism in research and of developing a cumulative perspective that critically acknowledges the resources of knowledge established in the past, arguing that the Mediterranean basin offers a fruitful context to examine the reverberations of the process of globalization in situations both contiguous and different from social, cultural, and economic points of view.

scholarly journals Foreword: Mediterranean diet and climatic change

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (12A) ◽  
pp. 2271-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Serra-Majem ◽  
Anna Bach-Faig ◽  
Gemma Miranda ◽  
Carmen Clapes-Badrinas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Ancient Food ◽  
Change Mitigation

AbstractChanges in diet, reducing animal products and increasing consumption of vegetables can not only benefit human health and the overall use of land, but can also play a decisive role in the politics of climate change mitigation. In this sense, the Mediterranean diet (MD) is presented as a sustainable cultural model, respectful of the environment, whose adherence in Mediterranean countries should contribute to mitigating climate change. The recognition of the MD as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2010 obliges the Mediterranean Diet Foundation to continue waging this recovery process and to promote our ancient food traditions in a prism of sustainability and commitment to the environment.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of ANCA associated vasculitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenche Koldingsnes ◽  
Hans C. Nossent
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Usa

ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises three syndromes with systemic vasculitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), Churg Strauss syndrome (CSS) and icroscopic polyangiitis (MPA)), which all involve small and medium sized vessels and are associated with antibodies against cytoplasmatic antibodies in neutrophils (ANCA). Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is included in this review as it also affects medium sized vessels, and has many clinical findings in common with the AAV.<br />Since the recognition of ANCA, increasing data have become available on the epidemiology of these vasculitidis. WG constitutes half of the AAV and its prevalence has increased from 30/million in the late 1980’s in the USA to 160/million in this century in northern Europe. The prevalence for the whole group of primary systemic vasculitides is now 300/million in Sweden. The annual incidence of WG increased from 6.0/million to 14/million during the 1990’s in Tromsø, but it is unknown if this is a true increase or the result of an increased awareness of the diagnosis. For the whole group of AAV, the annual incidence in most more recent studies is relatively constant over time and by geographical location, ranging from 13 to 21/million. Nonetheless there are interesting differences in the prevalence of specific vasculitis between different geographical areas, as well as for sub specificities of ANCA.<br />There seems to be a South-North gradient for WG and PR3-ANCA with high figures reported from northern Europe and southern New Zealand. In European studies WG is 90% PR3-ANCA positive. MPA which is predominantly MPO-ANCA associated are more frequent in the Mediterranean countries and also has an increasing gradient towards east-Asia, as almost all AAV in China and Japan are diagnosed as MPA, predominantly MPO-ANCA positive.<br />There are also some ethnic and gender differences. WG is most prevalent among Caucasians in the USA and in people with European ancestors in Paris and in New Zealand, less frequent in Africans and Asians. Several studies have shown that the highest incidence of WG is in males 60-70 years old. Females are younger at onset, and in children WG is most frequent in girls. With better treatment (cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids), the survival of AAV has increased considerably. However disease control is not optimal, as most of the vasculitis present a remitting-relapsing course and organ damage is considerable. Hence, we are still looking to improve treatment regimens

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