scholarly journals Differential susceptibility to insecticides by Leptinotarsa decemlineata [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] populations from western Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Noronha ◽  
G.M. Duke ◽  
J.M. Chinn ◽  
M.S. Goettel
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Potato Acreage ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
Two Populations

The susceptibility of Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) from three provinces in western Canada was measured using a filter paper bioassay to substantiate the reported insecticide resistance by the beetle in Manitoba, and to compare the situation there to beetle populations from Saskatchewan and Alberta. Susceptibility of beetles was measured against five insecticides: the organophosphates, azinphos-methyl (Guthion), and methamidophos (Monitor); the pyrethroid, permethrin (Ambush); the organochlorine, endosulfan (Endosulfan); and the carbamate, carbaryl (Sevin). All 12 populations tested from Manitoba were found to have resistance to one or more of the insecticides. All populations were classified as either having resistance or intermediate resistance to permethrin; two of the populations were classified as having resistance to azinphos-methyl and three to methamidophos. Two of four populations from Saskatchewan were classified as having intermediate resistance to azinphos-methyl and methamidophos. Intermediate resistance to permethrin was recorded in 12 of the 13 populations from Alberta, with only one being highly susceptible. Two populations showed evidence of intermediate resistance to azinphos-methyl and three to methamidophos. In all three provinces, survival rate from different egg masses within the susceptible populations ranged from 0-100%, indicating the presence of individuals with either resistance, intermediate or high susceptibility within these populations. With the expanding potato acreage in western Canada and the detection of the CPB populations with resistance to insecticides, a resistance management program must be implemented to prevent the rapid selection of resistant populations.

scholarly journals Sequence and Regulatory Variation in Acetylcholinesterase Genes Contribute to Insecticide Resistance in Different populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aigi Margus ◽  
Saija Piiroinen ◽  
Philipp Lehmann ◽  
Alessandro Grapputo ◽  
Leona Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Geographic Populations ◽  
Two Populations

Although insect herbivores are known to evolve resistance to insecticides through multiple genetic mechanisms, resistance in individual species has been assumed to follow the same mechanism. While both mutations in the target site insensitivity and increased amplification are known to contribute to insecticide resistance, little is known about the degree to which geographic populations of the same species differ at the target site in a response to insecticides. We tested structural (e.g. mutation profiles) and regulatory (e.g. the gene expression of Ldace1 and Ldace2, AChE activity) differences between two populations (Vermont, USA and Belchow, Poland) of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata in their resistance to two commonly used groups of insecticides, organophosphates, and carbamates. We established that Vermont beetles were more resistant to azinphos-methyl and carbaryl insecticides compared to Belchow beetles, despite a similar frequency of resistance-associated alleles (i.e. S291G) in the Ldace2 gene. However, the Vermont population had two additional amino acid replacements (G192S, F402Y) in the Ldace1 gene, which were absent in the Belchow population. Moreover, the Vermont population showed higher expression of Ldace1 and was less sensitive to AChE inhibition by azinphos methyl oxon than the Belchow population. Therefore, the two populations have evolved different genetic mechanisms to adapt to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.

Fluoroquinolone- and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Insights from the Antimicrobial Resistance Management Program

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Gums ◽  
Benjamin J Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Northeast Us

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of infections involving the bloodstream, skin and soft tissue, and lungs in hospitalized patients. These isolates are often multidrug resistant and represent a major therapeutic challenge. Objective: To explore the susceptibilities of S. aureus to nafcillin/oxacillin, a surrogate for methicillin resistance, and the fluoroquinolones and determine whether a relationship might exist between fluoroquinolone use and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Methods: To date, 353 institutions throughout the US and Puerto Rico have enrolled in the Antimicrobial Resistance Management (ARM) Program, and data have been submitted on nearly 5 million isolates of S. aureus. Isolates submitted from 1990 through 2002 were reviewed for sensitivity to nafcillin/oxacillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and the fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Results: From 1990 through 2002 inclusive, susceptibility to nafcillin/oxacillin nationally was 64.9% (n = 360,460), ranging from 62.2% in the North Central and Northeast US to 72.8% in the Southwest. Nationally, S. aureus isolates were more resistant to levofloxacin (41.4%, n = 123,868) than ciprofloxacin (38.7%, n = 256,178). The greatest change in susceptibility of S. aureus to nafcillin/oxacillin and ciprofloxacin occurred concurrently from 1998 to 2002, which may implicate fluoroquinolone use with increasing rates of MRSA infection. Conclusions: Resistance to methicillin and the fluoroquinolones has increased in concert during the past 5 years. Collectively, data from the ARM Program, along with several other investigations, support a role of fluoroquinolone use in the emergence of MRSA. These observations, along with increasing resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, underscore the need for judicious use of fluoroquinolones.

scholarly journals Screening test for detection of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) sensitivity to insecticides

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Dusanka Indjic ◽  
Slavica Vukovic ◽  
Snezana Tanaskovic ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Tatjana Keresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Insight Into

In 2009, the sensitivity of 15 field populations of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.) - CPB was assessed to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam and fipronil, four insecticides which are mostly used for its control in Serbia. Screening test that allows rapid assessment of sensitivity of overwintered adults to insecticides was performed. Insecticides were applied at label rates, and two, five and 10 fold higher rates by soaking method (5 sec). Mortality was assessed after 72h. From 15 monitored populations of CPB, two were sensitive to label rate of chlorpyrifos, one was slightly resistant, 11 were resistant and one population was highly resistant. Concerning cypermethrin, two populations were sensitive, two slightly resistant, five were resistant and six highly resistant. Highly sensitive to thiamethoxam label rate were 12 populations, while three were sensitive. In the case of fipronil applied at label rate, two populations were highly sensitive, six sensitive, one slightly resistant and six were resistant. The application of insecticides at higher rates (2, 5 and 10 fold), that is justified only in bioassays, provided a rapid insight into sensitivity of field populations of CPB to insecticides.

scholarly journals Modern Techniques in Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) Control and Resistance Management: History Review and Future Perspectives

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kadoić Balaško ◽  
Katarina M. Mikac ◽  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Darija Lemic
Keyword(s):  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say

Colorado potato beetle, CPB (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), is one of the most important pests of the potato globally. Larvae and adults can cause complete defoliation of potato plant leaves and can lead to a large yield loss. The insect has been successfully suppressed by insecticides; however, over time, has developed resistance to insecticides from various chemical groups, and its once successful control has diminished. The number of available active chemical control substances is decreasing with the process of testing, and registering new products on the market are time-consuming and expensive, with the possibility of resistance ever present. All of these concerns have led to the search for new methods to control CPB and efficient tools to assist with the detection of resistant variants and monitoring of resistant populations. Current strategies that may aid in slowing resistance include gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi, besides providing an efficient tool for gene functional studies, represents a safe, efficient, and eco-friendly strategy for CPB control. Genetically modified (GM) crops that produce the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have many advantages over agro-technical, mechanical, biological, and chemical measures. However, pest resistance that may occur and public acceptance of GM modified food crops are the main problems associated with Bt crops. Recent developments in the speed, cost, and accuracy of next generation sequencing are revolutionizing the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and field of population genomics. There is a need for effective resistance monitoring programs that are capable of the early detection of resistance and successful implementation of integrated resistance management (IRM). The main focus of this review is on new technologies for CPB control (RNAi) and tools (SNPs) for detection of resistant CPB populations.

FIRST RECORD OF TRICHOGRAMMA INYOENSE (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) ATTACKING THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Mason ◽  
J.D. Pinto ◽  
Z.L. Long ◽  
J.L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
First Record ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Mamestra Configurata ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bertha Armyworm

The bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, is a major pest of canola in western Canada. In 1994, 1995, and 1996 more than 670 000, 650 000, and 250 000 ha of canola were sprayed for bertha armyworm, respectively (Anonymous 1994, 1995, 1996). Despite the current trend towards increased acreage of canola production in western Canada, canola acreages declined markedly in 1996 from that planted in 1995 (Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food Statistical Facts 1996) in part because of the perception by farmers of the impact of bertha armyworm outbreaks in 1994 and 1995. Much research has been carried out in western Canada on the bertha armyworm with the aim of developing an integrated pest management program which includes the understanding of its biological control agents. Turnock (1984) reported that the native parasitoid complex of larval M. configurata consists of five species of Hymenoptera and 10 species of Diptera. Only two of these, namely Banchus flavescens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Athrycia cinerea (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tachinidae), have large negative impacts on its populations (Wylie and Bucher 1977).

INCIDENCE OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN POPULATIONS OF COLORADO POTATO BEETLE, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE), ON PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G. Stewart ◽  
George G. Kennedy ◽  
Antony V. Sturz
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Colorado Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Azinphos Methyl ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say

AbstractA survey of 65 populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), from locations across Prince Edward Island in 1993 indicated that insecticide resistance was widespread, but was most prevalent in the western and central potato-producing areas. Of the populations surveyed, 31, 26, 19, and 4% were classified as resistant to permethrin, carbofuran, azinphos-methyl, and endosulfan, respectively. Of 53 populations surveyed for resistance to these four insecticides, 13, six, four, and one of the populations were classified as resistant to one, two, three, and four insecticides, respectively.

Impact of Selected Insecticides Used in Eggplant Production on Edovum puttleri Grissell (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Hamilton ◽  
James H. Lashomb ◽  
Joseph M. Patt
Keyword(s):  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Edovum Puttleri ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
The Impact

The impact of insecticides currently used in commercial eggplant fields to control the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), on the egg parasitoid Edovum puttleri Grissell was evaluated. Mortality from contact exposure to leaf residues and ingestion of contaminated honey, and parasitoid emergence from treated egg masses were compared for the following insecticides: esfenvalerate alone and in combination with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), oxamyl, PBO, and rotenone alone and in combination with PBO. Studies were conducted using concentrations of 1.0X, 0.75X, 0.5X, and 0.25X of the maximum labeled rate. Mortality was high and significantly different from controls for all chemicals and rates in both the leaf residue tests and feeding studies. Emergence of E. puttleri from treated egg masses also was significantly impacted by all materials and rates with the exception of PBO. The data suggest that the use of these materials in a pest management program that utilizes E. puttleri may reduce the survival of adults and emergence from eggs, thereby slowing parasitoid establishment.

Seasonal variation of picloram metabolism in broom (Gutierrezia sarothrae) and threadleaf (Gutierrezia microcephala) snakeweed populations in a common garden

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa A. Gibbs ◽  
Tracy M. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Gutierrezia Sarothrae ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Treatment Application

Broom and threadleaf snakeweed are major rangeland weeds in the western United States, and picloram is the major herbicide used for their management. Previous work has shown that these species are most susceptible to picloram applied in autumn or when precipitation is high and that differences in herbicide absorption and tissue sensitivity as measured by picloram-induced ethylene production do not fully explain variation in seasonal response. Therefore, the role of picloram metabolism in seasonal susceptibility to picloram was examined. Because snakeweed is characterized as highly genetically variable, picloram metabolism was evaluated monthly for 3 yr among populations from two species as well. Picloram metabolism was examined monthly for 3 yr among two populations of threadleaf and nine populations of broom snakeweed grown in a common garden. Metabolism ranged from 30 to 70% of picloram applied, and picloram was converted to two metabolites more polar than picloram regardless of species or population. Although metabolism was greatest in the year with the most precipitation, rate of metabolism was unrelated to precipitation received in the 7-d period before treatment. Application timing as defined by a given month or specific phenological stage was not related to the level of metabolism. We conclude that variation in picloram metabolism is not involved in differential susceptibility across season or population.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Glyphosate Resistance in Western Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Frederick A. Holm ◽  
Robert H. Gulden
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Glyphosate Resistance ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Risk Rating

With increasing incidence of glyphosate-resistant weeds worldwide, greater farmer awareness of the importance of glyphosate stewardship and proactive glyphosate-resistance management is needed. A Web-based decision-support tool (http://www.weedtool.com) comprising 10 questions has been developed primarily for farmers in western Canada to assess the relative risk of selection for glyphosate-resistant weeds on a field-by-field basis. We describe the rationale for the questions and how a response to a particular question influences the risk rating. Practices with the greatest risk weighting in western Canadian cropping systems are lack of crop-rotation diversity (growing mainly oilseeds) and a high frequency of glyphosate-resistant crops in the rotation. Three case scenarios are outlined—low, moderate, and high risk of glyphosate-resistance evolution. Based on the overall risk rating, three best-management practices are recommended to reduce the risk of glyphosate resistance in weeds.

Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne D. Tidemann ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Ken L. Sapsford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Management ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Galium Spurium

Tidemann, B. D., Hall, L. M., Johnson, E. N., Beckie, H. J., Sapsford, K. L., Willenborg, C. J. and Raatz, L. L. 2014. Additive efficacy of soil-applied pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1245–1253. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicides can be influenced by edaphic factors including soil organic matter (OM) content, as well as by interactions with herbicide tank-mix partners. Field trials were conducted over 6 site-years in 2011 and 2012 across western Canada to examine the interaction of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone when co-applied for control of false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in field pea. In the greenhouse, the nature of this interaction was further investigated for these two weed species, plus barley and canola; in a separate experiment, the effect of OM content on pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone efficacy was examined using three soils with 2.8, 5.5, and 12.3% OM content, respectively. Efficacy of pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone combinations was additive under both field and greenhouse conditions. Higher OM content generally required higher rates of herbicide to achieve similar efficacy for all tested species. Pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone can be combined to aid in herbicide resistance management and broaden the weed spectrum compared with each product used alone, although rate selection may be OM dependent.

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