Resistencia a antibióticos: esquivando balas mágicas

Antibiotic Resistant

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria currently represent one of the main public health problems and recent predictions indicate that they will soon become the world’s leading cause of death. The ill-fated journey from the introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice to the current threat of a post-antibiotic era has run its course in just a few decades. Thus, the evolution of antibiotic resistance is probably the most spectacular example of evolution of a biological system innovation that we have had the opportunity to observe in real time. This text discusses some of the evolutionary and molecular keys that have allowed bacteria to go down this path.

Environmental and Public Health Implications of Water Reuse: Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics2030367 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 367-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Pei-Ying Hong ◽

Nada Al-Jassim ◽

Mohd Ansari ◽

Roderick Mackie

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Health Implications

Modeling and Simulation of Source Separation in Sanitation Systems for Reducing Emissions of Antimicrobial Resistances

Water ◽

10.3390/w13233342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 3342

Author(s):

Jörg Londong ◽

Marcus Barth ◽

Heinrich Söbke

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Source Separation ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Sanitation Systems

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top ten threats to public health worldwide. In addition to public health, AMR also poses a major threat to food security and economic development. Current sanitation systems contribute to the emergence and spread of AMR and lack effective AMR mitigation measures. This study assesses source separation of blackwater as a mitigation measure against AMR. A source-separation-modified combined sanitation system with separate collection of blackwater and graywater is conceptually described. Measures taken at the source, such as the separate collection and discharge of material flows, were not considered so far on a load balance basis, i.e., they have not yet been evaluated for their effectiveness. The sanitation system described is compared with a combined system and a separate system regarding AMR emissions by means of simulation. AMR is represented in the simulation model by one proxy parameter each for antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole), antibiotic-resistant bacteria (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase E. Coli), and antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM). The simulation results suggest that the source-separation-based sanitation system reduces emissions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes into the aquatic environment by more than six logarithm steps compared to combined systems. Sulfamethoxazole emissions can be reduced by 75.5% by keeping blackwater separate from graywater and treating it sufficiently. In summary, sanitation systems incorporating source separation are, to date, among the most effective means of preventing the emission of AMR into the aquatic environment.

Potentials of metallic nanoparticles for the removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater: A critical review

Journal of Water Process Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 102041

Author(s):

Adaora S. Ezeuko ◽

Mike O. Ojemaye ◽

Omobola O. Okoh ◽

Anthony I. Okoh

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Critical Review ◽

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

Removal Ability of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria (Arb) and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (Args) by Membrane Filtration Process

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/801/1/012004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 801 (1) ◽

pp. 012004

Author(s):

Yuting Guo

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Membrane Filtration ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Filtration Process ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli between Pristine and Human-Impacted Sites in a River

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10050575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 575

Author(s):

Emi Nishimura ◽

Masateru Nishiyama ◽

Kei Nukazawa ◽

Yoshihiro Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Downstream Site ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Upstream Site ◽

Resistance Profile ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Significant Difference

Information on the actual existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rivers where sewage, urban wastewater, and livestock wastewater do not load is essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments. This study compared the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli upstream and downstream of human habitation. The survey was conducted in the summer, winter, and spring seasons. Resistance to one or more antibiotics at upstream and downstream sites was on average 18% and 20%, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the survey sites. The resistance rates at the upstream site (total of 98 isolated strains) to each antibiotic were cefazolin 17%, tetracycline 12%, and ampicillin 8%, in descending order. Conversely, for the downstream site (total of 89 isolated strains), the rates were ampicillin 16%, cefazolin 16%, and tetracycline 1% in descending order. The resistance rate of tetracycline in the downstream site was significantly lower than that of the upstream site. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that many strains showed different resistance profiles even in the same cluster of the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Moreover, the resistance profiles differed in the same cluster of the upstream and the downstream sites. In flowing from the upstream to the downstream site, it is plausible that E. coli transmitted or lacked the antibiotic resistance gene.

Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Rearing Seawater

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061841 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1841

Author(s):

Thanaporn Chuen-Im ◽

Korapan Sawetsuwannakun ◽

Pimmnapar Neesanant ◽

Nakarin Kitkumthorn

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

High Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Sea Turtle ◽

Resistant Isolate ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Increased Risk

Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is a serious health problem for both humans and animals. Infection of these bacteria may result in therapy failure, leading to high mortality rates. During an early intervention program process, the Sea Turtle Conservation Center of Thailand (STCCT) has faced high mortality rates due to bacterial infection. Previously, investigation of juvenile turtle carcasses found etiological agents in tissue lesions. Further determination of sea water in the turtle holding tanks revealed a prevalence of these causative agents in water samples, implying association of bacterial isolates in rearing water and infection in captive turtles. In this study, we examined the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in seawater from the turtle holding tank for a management plan of juvenile turtles with bacterial infection. The examination was carried out in three periods: 2015 to 2016, 2018, and 2019. The highest isolate numbers were resistant to beta-lactam, whilst low aminoglycoside resistance rates were observed. No gentamicin-resistant isolate was detected. Seventy-nine isolates (71.17%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Consideration of resistant bacterial and antibiotic numbers over three sampling periods indicated increased risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to sea turtle health. Essentially, this study emphasizes the importance of antibiotic-resistant bacterial assessment in rearing seawater for sea turtle husbandry.