scholarly journals FUNKCIONALNA POVEZANOST TALAMUSA I PSIHOTIČNIH MANIFESTACIJA KOD SHIZOFRENIJE

Psymedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Vukadinović Stojanović ◽  
Gordana Macanović ◽  
Nada Banjac ◽  
Zlatan Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dsm V

Uvod: Shizofrenija je hronično duševno oboljenje koje se karakteriše organskim promjenama u sivoj i bijelojmasi mozga. Morfološke promjene moždanih struktura mogu imati prediktivnu vrijednost u procjenidijagnostike i razvoja ovog teškog duševnog poremećaja. Cilj našeg rada je bio da se ispita da li postojipovezanost morfoloških karakteristika talamusa (veličine i oblika) i intenziteta psihotičnih manifestacija kodpacijenata oboljelih od shizofrenije. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo ukupno trideset i jednuosobu oboljelu od shizofrenije. Dijagnoza shizofrenije je postavljana na osnovu DSM-V kriterijuma, a intenzitetpsihotičnih manifestacija je procjenjivan primjenom skale za procjenu psihotičnih poremećaja- BPRS (BriefPsychiatric Rating Scale). Morfometrijske karakteristike talamusa određivane su na aksijalnim nekontrasnimCT snimcima na površini najvećeg poprečnog presjeka primjenom AutoCAD 2007 digitalne morfometrije.Statistički podaci su obrađivani u SPSS 16.0 programskom paketu. Statistički zaključci izneseni su na osnovudvosmjernog p < 0.05. Rezultati: Ispitivanjem povezanosti intenziteta psihotičnih manifestacija (BPRS skora)pacijenata sa shizofrenijom od površine najvećeg poprečnog presjeka talamusa ustanovili smo veći intenzitetpsihotičnih manifestacija kod osoba sa manjom površinom presjeka talamusa na lijevoj hemisferi mozga(regresioni koeficijent B = -0.070, p = 0.001). Nismo uočili statistički značajnu povezanost obima talamusa nalijevoj hemisferi mozga i psihotičnih manifestacija (regresioni koeficijent B = -0.024, p = 0.803), kao nipovezanost veličine i obima talamusa sa intenzitetom psihotičnih manifestacija na desnoj hemisferi mozga(površina desno: regresioni koeficijent B = -0.023, p = 0.314; obim desno: regresioni koeficijent B = -0.059, p= 0.585 ). Zaključak: U našoj studiji mi smo utvrdili da je kod pacijenata sa shizofrenijom prisutan većiintenzitet psihotičnih manifestacija kod osoba sa manjom površinom presjeka talamusa na lijevoj hemisferimozga. Veličina talamusa može poslužiti kao biomarker nastanka i razvoja shizofrenije.

scholarly journals O Transtorno Bipolar do Humor em Pacientes Atendidos em Unidade Básica de Saúde / Bipolar Disorder in Primary Care Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (48) ◽  
pp. 796-806
Author(s):  
Nádia Nara Rolim Lima ◽  
Modesto Leite Rolim Neto
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

O objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender as ações comportamentais e temperamentais envolvidas no transtorno bipolar, através da história pessoal e familiar envolvidas nas narrativas de pacientes oriundos da zona rural, em unidade de atenção básica de saúde, no interior da Paraíba, levando-se em consideração a hipótese diagnóstica de espectro bipolar. Métodos: Participaram do nosso estudo 30 pacientes com idade média variando entre 12 a 67 anos, encaminhados por uma equipe de PSF (Programa Saúde da Família), da zona rural de Aparecida, localizada no interior da Paraíba, com hipótese diagnóstica de Transtorno Bipolar (DSM-V). Para a coleta de dados utilizamos a entrevista não estruturada, com características específicas interligadas ao transtorno bipolar. Este processo nos levou à análise quanti-qualitativa no sentido de análise de conteúdo clássica. A análise foi complementada com a Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) como instrumento de avaliação dos pacientes. Resultados: Dos 30 pacientes entrevistados, 21 atingiram os parâmetros pré-estabelecidos ao espectro bipolar, predominando a atuação depressiva associada à euforia de grau moderado/grave; sendo que destes, 11 pacientes apresentaram indicadores de história familiar do transtorno.12 pacientes mostraram dificuldades em precisar o início do transtorno, informando várias nomenclaturas veiculadas ao diagnóstico, o que sinalizou um diagnóstico não preciso na 1ª consulta. O episódio de mania e hipomania prevaleceram no sexo masculino, e a presença de sintomas psicóticos no sexo feminino. Conclusão: Através da identificação do espectro bipolar pacientes carecem de tradução as diferentes maneiras mobilizadas pelas ações comportamentais e temperamentais na tradução dos prejuízos a sua vida quotidiana. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Level in Depressed Patients Treated with Fluoxetine and Sertraline

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T3) ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Sonny Teddy Lisal ◽  
Nur Aeni M. A. Fattah ◽  
Rahmawati Nur Indah ◽  
Saidah Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Bdnf Level ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Neuronal Growth Factor ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Synaptic Formation ◽  
The Brain

Background: The Brain-Derived NeurotrophicFactor (BDNF) is the main neuronal growth factor in the brain that regulates neurogenesis, neuronal maturity, synaptic formation and plasticity. Studies showed BDNF level decreased in depression and the administration of anti depressant drugs increased BDNF level. In this study, we used fluoxetine and sertraline, which are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) but had a different mechanism in influencing the BDNF levels. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of fluoxetine and sertraline administration tothe BDNF level in depressed subjects. This study was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia and its affiliates from January to February 2019. Twenty outpatient subjects were diagnosed with depression based on DSM-V. The subjects were either antidepressant naïve, or dropping out of antidepressant therapy for at least 3 months since the last administration. Blood samples from each subject were taken by consecutive sampling, and BDNF levels were analyzed before and after administration of fluoxetine and sertraline for six weeks. Also, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores are measured before and after administration. The BDNF serum was significantly increased by 100.6% (p<0,001) from the baseline level in the fluoxetine group and 75.4% in the sertraline group. HDRS score was decreased by39.5%  (p<0,001) in the fluoxetine group and 30.1% in the sertraline group after six weeks of administration. This study suggests that fluoxetine was superior to sertraline in increasing the BDNF level in depression.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Evaluation of Autism Spectrum Disorders, A Health Professional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Khadija Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Sikander Ghayas Khan ◽  
Aayeshah Firdous ◽  
Iqra Naseer ◽  
Amna Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
International University ◽  
Consensus Diagnosis

Background: Since the prevalence and awareness AutismSpectrum Disorders (ASD) is growing day by day, it is crucial to correctly allocate diagnosis of ASD. According to the guidelines, there should be a multi-agency strategy group for diagnosis of ASD. Aim: To find out the diagnostic practices of ASD among different Health Professionals. Place and Duration of Study: Riphah International University, Lahore campus. The study was conducted from October 2017 till March 2018. Methodology: Data was collected from 116 professionals which included Speech-Language Pathologists, Pediatricians, Psychiatrists, Psychologists and Occupational Therapists by using questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey was carried out by using the technique of convenient sampling. Researcher collected the data from Riphah International University in person and some professionals were sent questionnaires online. Results: Majority of professionals provide diagnostic service i.e. 84.4% as a part of multidisciplinary team whereas 15.6% are sole practitioners for giving diagnosis; 51.1% collaborate with other professionals to make a consensus diagnosis and the most frequently used tool by professionals for diagnosing ASD is Childhood Autism Rating Scale CARS (76.7%) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V/IV (DSM V OR IV) criteria (67.8%). Conclusion: The professionals in the current study are using multidisciplinary approach for diagnosing ASD and a small number are sole practitioners. The most frequently used tool for diagnosing ASD are CARS and DSM V OR IV criteria. However, very few practitioners use the diagnostic tool Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ADOS and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised ADI-R. The professionals who provide diagnosis of ASD are Speech and language Pathologists, Psychologists, pediatricians, psychiatrists and Occupational therapists.

A Case of Catatonia, Klebsiella Pneumoniae Lung Infection and Intellectual Disability: Differential Diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S474-S475
Author(s):  
A. Ballesteros ◽  
L. Montes ◽  
W. Jaimes ◽  
B. Cortés ◽  
F. Inchausti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Right ◽  
Work Up

IntroductionIn DSM-V, catatonia is individualized as a disease of its own. The priority is to look first for organic causes like intoxication. We present a clinical case diagnosed with intellectual disability (ID) and catatonia.ObjectiveTo study a case of catatonia which underwent testing using Bush-Francis Catatonia rating scale (BFCRS) prior/after clinical intervention. We therefore study catatonia's etiology in ID population.AimsTo study the etiology of catatonia (and its clinical complications) in ID.MethodOur patient is 48-year-old female with DI. Considering her clinical features of catatonia (using BFCRS) and clinical examination (fever and hypoxia), the case orientated towards a secondary diagnosis. Work-up tests revealed pneumonia in the lower lobe of the right lung (chest radiography showed opacities and blood tests showed Leuokocytosis with a left shift). The case further received a course oral levofloxacin (500 mg/day) and haloperidol was stopped. Valproic acid was also added to a dose of 600 mg/day, which led to clinical improvement. Remaining psychotropic treatment (duloxetine 60 mg/day, lorazepam 15 mg/day, diazepam 35 mg/day) was not modified.ResultsAfter 1 month, the patient improved according to BFCSR score.ConclusionsWe presented a case of presence of catatonia in other psychiatric conditions and undiagnosed general medical conditions. Haloperidol is contraindicated those circumstances and it may have worsened her clinical state (it should be used cautiously in DI). Other medications (gabaergic drugs) should be considered in such settings and rare causes related to hypoxia cannot be ruled out (Table 1).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Depression in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-an Analytical Study in Rajshahi

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Md Aminul Hasan ◽  
Md Azizul Hoque ◽  
AA Mamun Hossain ◽  
Md Amzad Hossain Sardar ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Healthy Control

Background: Depression is one of the most common comorbid psychiatric disorders associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), and it impacts glycemic control. Optimal management of depression may lead to better control of glucose levels in DM. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess depression in patients with DM and to compare it with healthy control and to determine the association of depression with glycemic control and socio-demographic profile in patients with DM and healthy control. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 140 patients with DM attending Rajshahi Medical College Hospital and Diabetic Association Hospital, Rajshahi, from July 2014 to June 2016. Subsequently, 140 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. The DSM-V criteria were used to diagnose depression and the severity of depression was assessed by the Hamilton rating scale for depression. Blood glucose control was assessed by measuring HbA1c and categorized as: good glycemic control <7%, fair glycaemic control 7-8% and > 8% considered as poor glycemic control.  Results: The proportion of depression was significantly higher in the patient (51, 36,4%) than in the control (20,14.3%) (X2= 18.256, df= 2, p <0.001). Among patients 13 (9.28%) had mild depression, 23 (16.42%) had moderate depression and 15 (10.70%) had severe depression. But among control 11 (7.87%) had mild depression, 7 (5%) had moderate depression and 2 (1.43%) had severe depression. Depression was more in patients aged 40-60 years (45,42.1%) than in those aged 18-39 years (6,18.2%) which was statistically significant (t = - 3.947, p < 0.001). Both mild, moderate and severe depression were more common among singles, obese, Type 2 DM & patients who were taking both insulin & OHA. Statistically significant depression were observed in poorly controlled DM (HbA1c>8%) compared to fair control (HbA1c 7-8%) (p <0.001, 95% CI = 2.29 to 3.82) and good control (HbA1c < 7%) (p <0.001, 95% CI = 4.25 to 5.98).The likelihood of depression was not significantly associated with different occupation, level of education, residence and duration of DM. Significant positive correlation was observed between DSM-V score and age (r = 0.295, p<0.001),BMI (r = 0.473, p<0.001), duration of DM and HbA1c (r = 0.734, p<0.001) in patients with DM. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that there is a higher proportion of depression in patients with DM, which is almost thrice than healthy control. Since patients with DM are at higher risk of developing depression, assessment of depression should be part of the initial and ongoing evaluation of these patients to improve their quality of life. TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 47-54

Effect of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Dysphagia After Lateral Medullary Infarction: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387
Author(s):  
Ying Yuan ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Dongyu Wu ◽  
Dahua Zhang ◽  
Weiqun Song
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Nasogastric Feeding ◽  
Lateral Medullary Infarction ◽  
Severe Dysphagia ◽  
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Medullary Infarction

Purpose Severe dysphagia with weak pharyngeal peristalsis after dorsal lateral medullary infarction (LMI) requires long-term tube feeding. However, no study is currently available on therapeutic effectiveness in severe dysphagia caused by nuclear damage of vagus nerve after dorsal LMI. The purpose of the present investigation was to explore the potential of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) to improve severe dysphagia with weak pharyngeal peristalsis after dorsal LMI. Method We assessed the efficacy of 6-week tVNS in a 28-year-old woman presented with persisting severe dysphagia after dorsal LMI who had been on nasogastric feeding for 6 months. tVNS was applied for 20 min twice a day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks. The outcome measures included saliva spitted, Swallow Function Scoring System, Functional Oral Intake Scale, Clinical Assessment of Dysphagia With Wallenberg Syndrome, Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, and upper esophagus X-ray examination. Results After tVNS, the patient was advanced to a full oral diet without head rotation or spitting. No saliva residue was found in the valleculae and pyriform sinuses. Contrast medium freely passed through the upper esophageal sphincter. Conclusion Our findings suggest that tVNS might provide a useful means for recovery of severe dysphagia with weak pharyngeal peristalsis after dorsal LMI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9755438

Preliminary Findings on the Use of Session Questionnaires to Improve Clinician-Client Alliance With Special Consideration to Clinical Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Anu Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective

ASHA's focus on evidence-based practice (EBP) includes the family/stakeholder perspective as an important tenet in clinical decision making. The common factors model for treatment effectiveness postulates that clinician-client alliance positively impacts therapeutic outcomes and may be the most important factor for success. One strategy to improve alliance between a client and clinician is the use of outcome questionnaires. In the current study, eight parents of toddlers who attended therapy sessions at a university clinic responded to a session outcome questionnaire that included both rating scale and descriptive questions. Six graduate students completed a survey that included a question about the utility of the questionnaire. Results indicated that the descriptive questions added value and information compared to using only the rating scale. The students were varied in their responses regarding the effectiveness of the questionnaire to increase their comfort with parents. Information gathered from the questionnaire allowed for specific feedback to graduate students to change behaviors and created opportunities for general discussions regarding effective therapy techniques. In addition, the responses generated conversations between the client and clinician focused on clients' concerns. Involving the stakeholder in identifying both effective and ineffective aspects of therapy has advantages for clinical practice and education.

AAC Collaboration Using the Self-Anchored Rating Scales (SARS): An Aphasia Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
The Self ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Solution Focused

Abstract The self-anchored rating scale (SARS) is a technique that augments collaboration between Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) interventionists, their clients, and their clients' support networks. SARS is a technique used in Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, a branch of systemic family counseling. It has been applied to treating speech and language disorders across the life span, and recent case studies show it has promise for promoting adoption and long-term use of high and low tech AAC. I will describe 2 key principles of solution-focused therapy and present 7 steps in the SARS process that illustrate how clinicians can use the SARS to involve a person with aphasia and his or her family in all aspects of the therapeutic process. I will use a case study to illustrate the SARS process and present outcomes for one individual living with aphasia.

Testing the Significance of the Agreement Among Observers

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Young ◽  
Tom D. Downs
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Speech Disorder ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Observer Ratings

Ratings by observers are often used in speech pathology to measure complex speech dimensions; this seems reasonable since a speech “disorder” represents the product of an observer’s evaluation and a speaker’s performance. An index of the validity of these evaluations may be estimated by the amount of agreement among the observers. In this paper, the semi-interquartile range and the intraclass correlation are discussed as possible indices of agreement, and another index is suggested, based on the range of observer ratings. Under the assumption that the distribution of ratings is uniform when ratings are randomly assigned, that is, the observers show no agreement, tables were constructed to indicate the probability of any range for selected numbers of observers and rating scale categories. Some applications for this index concern the training of observers, estimating the number of observers needed, and the construction of master scales.

Commentary

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Richard T. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract The author, who is the editor of the Mental and Behavioral Disorders chapter of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, comments on the previous article, Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches in this issue of The Guides Newsletter. The new Mental and Behavioral Disorders (M&BD) chapter, like others in the AMA Guides, is a consensus opinion of many authors and thus reflects diverse points of view. Psychiatrists and psychologists continue to struggle with diagnostic taxonomies within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but anxiety, depression, and psychosis are three unequivocal areas of mental illness for which the sixth edition of the AMA Guides provides M&BD impairment rating. Two particular challenges faced the authors of the chapter: how could M&BD disorders be rated (and yet avoid an onslaught of attorney requests for an M&BD rating in conjunction with every physical impairment), and what should be the maximal impairment rating for a mental illness. The sixth edition uses three scales—the Psychiatric Impairment Rating Scale, the Global Assessment of Function, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—after careful review of a wide variety of indices. The AMA Guides remains a work in progress, but the authors of the M&BD chapter have taken an important step toward providing a reasonable method for estimating impairment.

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