Comparison of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Level in Depressed Patients Treated with Fluoxetine and Sertraline

Background: The Brain-Derived NeurotrophicFactor (BDNF) is the main neuronal growth factor in the brain that regulates neurogenesis, neuronal maturity, synaptic formation and plasticity. Studies showed BDNF level decreased in depression and the administration of anti depressant drugs increased BDNF level. In this study, we used fluoxetine and sertraline, which are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) but had a different mechanism in influencing the BDNF levels. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of fluoxetine and sertraline administration tothe BDNF level in depressed subjects. This study was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia and its affiliates from January to February 2019. Twenty outpatient subjects were diagnosed with depression based on DSM-V. The subjects were either antidepressant naïve, or dropping out of antidepressant therapy for at least 3 months since the last administration. Blood samples from each subject were taken by consecutive sampling, and BDNF levels were analyzed before and after administration of fluoxetine and sertraline for six weeks. Also, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores are measured before and after administration. The BDNF serum was significantly increased by 100.6% (p<0,001) from the baseline level in the fluoxetine group and 75.4% in the sertraline group. HDRS score was decreased by39.5% (p<0,001) in the fluoxetine group and 30.1% in the sertraline group after six weeks of administration. This study suggests that fluoxetine was superior to sertraline in increasing the BDNF level in depression.

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Efektivitas pencucian luka menggunakan daun jambu biji terhadap tingkat malodor klien luka kaki diabetik

Riset Informasi Kesehatan ◽

10.30644/rik.v8i2.251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Adi Antoni ◽

Yanna Wari Harahap

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

P Value ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Guava Leaves ◽

Guava Leaf ◽

Numeric Rating

Abstrak Latar belakang: Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronik dan menjadi masalah global. Salah satu komplikasi yang ditimbulkan dari DM adalah luka kaki diabetic. Langkah awal dalam perawatan luka kaki diabetic adalah mencuci luka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keefektifan dari rebusan daun jambu biji sebagai cairan pencuci luka terhadap tingkat malodor pada luka kaki diabetic. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasy experiment dengan rancangan one group pretests-posttest only. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 16 orang. Kriteria sampel yang digunakan adalah klien luka kaki diabetic, tingkat malodor 1-10 dengan NRS. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji paired t test. Hasil: tingkat malodor sebelum intervensi pencucuan luka menggunakan rebusan daun jambu biji rata-rata sebesar 4.40 dan sesudah intervensi sebesart 2.44 dengan p value < 0.001. Selisih tingkat malodor antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi sebesar 1.96. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daun jambu dapat digunakan sebagai cairan pencuci luka dalam mengatasi tingkat malodor pada luka kaki diabetik. Kesimpulan : daun jambu biji dapat digunakan sebagai cairan pencuci luka pada luka kaki diabetic. Perawat diharapkan dapat memanfaatkan daun jambu biji sebagai salah satu alternatif dalam pencucian luka kronik khususnya luka kaki diabetik. Kata kunci: Daun Jambu Biji, Tingkat Malodor, Luka Kaki Diabetik Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and a global problem. One of the complications that arise from DM is diabetic foot ulcer. The first step in treating diabetic foot ulcer is washing the wound. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of guava leaf decoction as a washing fluid for malodor levels in diabetic foot ulcer. Method: The research design used was quasy experiment with one group pretests-posttest only design. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling with a sample of 16 people. Sample criteria used were diabetic foot ulcer clients, malodor level 1-10 with NRS. The measuring instrument used is the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Analysis of the data used in this study used paired t test. Results: the level of malodor before intervening in wound washing using guava leaf decoctions on average was 4.40 and after the intervention was 2.44 with p value <0.001. The difference in the level of malodor between before and after the intervention was 1.96. The results of this study indicate that guava leaves can be used as a washing fluid in dealing with malodor levels in diabetic foot ulcer. Conclusion: Guava leaves can be used as a washing fluid for diabetic foot wounds. Nurses are expected to be able to use guava leaves as an alternative in washing chronic wounds, especially diabetic foot injuries. Key words: Guava Leaf, Malodor Level, Diabetic foot ulcer.

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Impact of Michigan’s new opioid prescribing laws on spine surgery patients: analysis of the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2020.7.spine20729 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Paul Park ◽

Victor Chang ◽

Hsueh-Han Yeh ◽

Jason M. Schwalb ◽

David R. Nerenz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spine Surgery ◽

Spinal Surgery ◽

Readmission Rate ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Short Term ◽

Readmission Rates ◽

Opioid Prescribing ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

OBJECTIVEIn 2017, Michigan passed new legislation designed to reduce opioid abuse. This study evaluated the impact of these new restrictive laws on preoperative narcotic use, short-term outcomes, and readmission rates after spinal surgery.METHODSPatient data from 1 year before and 1 year after initiation of the new opioid laws (beginning July 1, 2018) were queried from the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative database. Before and after implementation of the major elements of the new laws, 12,325 and 11,988 patients, respectively, were treated.RESULTSPatients before and after passage of the opioid laws had generally similar demographic and surgical characteristics. Notably, after passage of the opioid laws, the number of patients taking daily narcotics preoperatively decreased from 3783 (48.7%) to 2698 (39.7%; p < 0.0001). Three months postoperatively, there were no differences in minimum clinically important difference (56.0% vs 58.0%, p = 0.1068), numeric rating scale (NRS) score of back pain (3.5 vs 3.4, p = 0.1156), NRS score of leg pain (2.7 vs 2.7, p = 0.3595), satisfaction (84.4% vs 84.7%, p = 0.6852), or 90-day readmission rate (5.8% vs 6.2%, p = 0.3202) between groups. Although there was no difference in readmission rates, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more common (0.86% vs 1.22%, p = 0.0323).CONCLUSIONSThere was a meaningful decrease in preoperative narcotic use, but notably there was no apparent negative impact on postoperative recovery, patient satisfaction, or short-term outcomes after spinal surgery despite more restrictive opioid prescribing. Although the readmission rate did not significantly increase, pain as a reason for readmission was marginally more frequently observed.

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PENGARUH PIJAT BAYI TERHADAP KUALITAS TIDUR BAYI UMUR 0 – 3 BULAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SOSIAL PALEMBANG TAHUN 2016

Jurnal Kebidanan : Jurnal Medical Science Ilmu Kesehatan Akademi Kebidanan Budi Mulia Palembang ◽

10.35325/kebidanan.v6i2.91 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih Juliana Widyastuti Wahyuningsih

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Development Phase ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Infant Massage ◽

Before And After ◽

The Brain

ABSTRAK Tidur merupakan kebutuhan yang harus terpenuhi terutama pada fase perkembangan karena selama tidur akan terjadi perkembangan otak maupun tubuh, sehingga gangguan tidur merupakan masalah yang akan menimbulkan dampak buruk terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. Kualitas tidur bayi yang baik dapat diciptakan dengan memberikan pemijatan bayi secara rutin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemijatan dapat mempengaruhi kualitas tidur bayi umur 0-3 bulan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Quasy Eksperimental dengan metode One Group Pretest-Postest. Sampel 22 bayi yang dipilih dengan tehnik Total Sampling yang di observasi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pemijatan. Variabel yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitas tidur bayi 0-3 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh pijat bayi terhadap kualitas tidur bayi umur 0-3 bulan (p value 0,008 < α = 0,05).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar keluarga dan masyarakat memberikan pemijatan secara rutin dan mandiri untuk meningkatkan kebutuhan tidur bayi yang berkualitas. ABSTRACT Sleep is a human necessity that must be met, especially in the development phase because during sleep will occur the brain and body developments, so that sleep disturbance is a problem that would cause adverse effects on infants’ growth and development. The good quality of sleep can be created by providing the infants massage routinely. This study aimed to prove that the massage could affect the quality of sleep on the 0-3 months old baby. This study used Quasy-experimental design with One Group Pretest-Posttest. The sample 22 infants selected by total sampling technique observed on before and after the massage. The variables measured in this study are the quality of sleep. The results of study indicate that there is an effect of infant massage to the sleep quality on 0-3 months old babies (p value 0,008 < α = 0,05).Based on the results of this study it recommended for the families and communities to provide infant massage regularly and independently to increase the quality of sleep on the baby.

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Therapeutic Use of Cerebellar Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) in a Sardinian Family Affected by Spinocerebellar Ataxia 38 (SCA 38)

The Cerebellum ◽

10.1007/s12311-021-01313-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angela Sanna ◽

Paolo Follesa ◽

Paolo Tacconi ◽

Mariangela Serra ◽

Maria Giuseppina Pisu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinocerebellar Ataxia ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Therapeutic Use ◽

Theta Burst Stimulation ◽

Burst Stimulation ◽

Motor Cortex Excitability ◽

Before And After ◽

Theta Burst ◽

Serum Bdnf

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia 38 (SCA 38) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by conventional mutations in the ELOVL5 gene which encodes an enzyme involved in the synthesis of very long fatty acids, with a specific expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Three Italian families carrying the mutation, one of which is of Sardinian descent, have been identified and characterized. One session of cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) was applied to 6 affected members of the Sardinian family to probe motor cortex excitability measured by motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). Afterwards, patients were exposed to ten sessions of cerebellar real and sham iTBS in a cross-over study and clinical symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment by Modified International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (MICARS). Moreover, serum BDNF levels were evaluated before and after real and sham cerebellar iTBS and the role of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in influencing iTBS effect was explored. Present data show that one session of cerebellar iTBS was able to increase MEPs in all tested patients, suggesting an enhancement of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway in SCA 38. MICARS scores were reduced after ten sessions of real cerebellar iTBS showing an improvement in clinical symptoms. Finally, although serum BDNF levels were not affected by cerebellar iTBS when considering all samples, segregating for genotype a difference was found between Val66Val and Val66Met carriers. These preliminary data suggest a potential therapeutic use of cerebellar iTBS in improving motor symptoms of SCA38.

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Otoskills training during covid-19 pandemic: a before-after study

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-02706-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Fieux ◽

Antoine Gavoille ◽

Fabien Subtil ◽

Sophie Bartier ◽

Stéphane Tringali

Keyword(s):

Surgical Training ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Surgical Simulation ◽

Global Rating Scale ◽

Middle Ear Surgery ◽

Global Rating ◽

Training Requirements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Total Performance

Abstract Background The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the surgical training of residents. There is a real concern that trainees will not be able to meet their training requirements. Low-fidelity surgical simulation appears to be an alternative for surgical training. The educational benefits of repeating ossiculoplasty simulations under a microscope have never been evaluated. With this study we aimed to evaluate the differences in performance scores and on a global rating scale before and after training on an ossiculoplasty simulator. Methods In this quasi-experimental, prospective, single-centre, before-after study with blinded rater evaluation, residents performed five microscopic ossiculoplasty tasks with a difficulty gradient (sliding beads onto rods, the insertion of a partial prosthesis, the insertion of a total prosthesis, and the insertion of a stapedotomy piston under microscopic or endoscopic surgery) before and after training on the same simulator. Performance scores were defined for each task, and total performance scores (score/min) were calculated. All data were collected prospectively. Results Six out of seven intermediate residents and 8/9 novices strongly agreed that the simulator was an effective training device and should be included in the ENT residency program. The mean effect of training was a significant increase in the total performance score (+ 0.52 points/min, [95 % CI, 0.40–0.64], p < 0.001), without a significant difference between novice and intermediate residents. Conclusions This preliminary study shows that techniques for middle-ear surgery can be acquired using a simulator, avoiding any risk for patients, even under lockdown measures.

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Sources of the Scalp-Recorded Amplitude-Modulation Following Response

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715963 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (04) ◽

pp. 188-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Shigeyuki Kuwada ◽

Julia S. Anderson ◽

Ranjan Batra ◽

Douglas C. Fitzpatrick ◽

Natacha Teissier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Amplitude Modulation ◽

Single Unit ◽

Modulation Frequency ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

High Modulation ◽

Before And After ◽

Single Unit Recordings ◽

Composite Response ◽

The Brain

The scalp-recorded amplitude-modulation following response (AMFR)” is gaining recognition as an objective audiometric tool, but little is known about the neural sources that underlie this potential. We hypothesized, based on our human studies and single-unit recordings in animals, that the scalp-recorded AMFR reflects the interaction of multiple sources. We tested this hypothesis using an animal model, the unanesthetized rabbit. We compared AMFRs recorded from the surface of the brain at different locations and before and after the administration of agents likely to enhance or suppress neural generators. We also recorded AMFRs locally at several stations along the auditory neuraxis. We conclude that the surface-recorded AMFR is indeed a composite response from multiple brain generators. Although the response at any modulation frequency can reflect the activity of more than one generator, the AMFRs to low and high modulation frequencies appear to reflect a strong contribution from cortical and subcortical sources, respectively.

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Evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation in Parkinson's disease patients with constipation

Microbial Cell Factories ◽

10.1186/s12934-021-01589-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-yi Kuai ◽

Xiao-han Yao ◽

Li-juan Xu ◽

Yu-qing Zhou ◽

Li-ping Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽

Before And After ◽

Non Motor Symptoms

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and 70–80% of PD patients suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunction such as constipation. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for treating PD related to gastrointestinal dysfunction. We conducted a prospective, single- study. Eleven patients with PD received FMT. Fecal samples were collected before and after FMT and subjected to 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene sequencing. Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) grade, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, and the Non-Motion Symptom Questionnaire (NMSS) were used to assess improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms. PAC-QOL score and Wexner constipation score were used to assess the patient's constipation symptoms. All patients were tested by the small intestine breath hydrogen test, performed before and after FMT. Community richness (chao) and microbial structure in before-FMT PD patients were significantly different from the after-FMT. We observed an increased abundance of Blautia and Prevotella in PD patients after FMT, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased dramatically. After FMT, the H-Y grade, UPDRS, and NMSS of PD patients decreased significantly. Through the lactulose H2 breath test, the intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in PD patients returned to normal. The PAC-QOL score and Wexner constipation score in after-FMT patients decreased significantly. Our study profiles specific characteristics and microbial dysbiosis in the gut of PD patients. FMT might be a therapeutic potential for reconstructing the gut microbiota of PD patients and improving their motor and non-motor symptoms.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy and Age: Effectiveness, Safety and Tolerability in the Treatment of Major Depression among Patients under and over 65 Years of Age

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14060582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 582

Author(s):

Monika Dominiak ◽

Anna Z. Antosik-Wójcińska ◽

Marcin Wojnar ◽

Paweł Mierzejewski

Keyword(s):

Major Depression ◽

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Short Form ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Before And After ◽

Trail Making ◽

Resistant Depression

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains the most effective therapy in treatment-resistant depression. However, the safety of ECT has been consistently questioned, particularly among elderly patients. We assessed the efficacy and safety of ECT in patients before and after 65 years old. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2018 and included 91 patients (61 under and 29 over 65 years old) with major depression undergoing ECT. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to evaluate efficacy. Cognitive functions were assessed using: MMSE, RAVLT, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test and Autobiographical Memory Interview-Short Form. ECT was more effective in older patients as compared to younger (p < 0.001). No serious adverse events were observed in either group. Increased blood pressure and arrhythmias were more common in the older compared to the younger group (p = 0.044 and p = 0.047, respectively), while disturbances of consciousness did not differ between groups (p = 0.820). Most of the cognitive functions remained unchanged compared to baseline, whereas the outcomes of MMSE, RAVLT and Stroop tests showed greater improvements in the older compared to the younger group (all p < 0.05). The decline in the retrieval consistency of autobiographical memory was more pronounced in the younger group (p = 0.024). ECT is a highly effective, safe and well-tolerated method of treating depression regardless of age.

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Diet modification impact on ADHD outcome

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00466-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olweya Mohammed Abd El Baaki ◽

Enas Raafat Abd El Hamid ◽

Safaa Taha Zaki ◽

Amani Salah El Din Alwakkad ◽

Rania Nabil Sabry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Intake ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Short Form ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Parent Rating ◽

Dietary Analysis ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Diet Modification ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affects 5% of children worldwide and characterized by impaired inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. One of the risk factors that precipitate ADHD is food. Food affects behavior of children by different ways such as food allergy, food intolerance and gut–microbiota–brain axis. The study aimed to assess effect of diet modification on ADHD outcome and the role of food as a precipitating factor for ADHD symptomatology. The study included 47 children newly diagnosed with ADHD, not receiving medical or behavioral therapy, their ages ranged from 6 to 9 years and their intelligence quotient not below 70 with no associated comorbidities. All participants were subjected to Full history taking, clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, 24 h dietary recall. Dietary analysis and Conner’s parent rating scale-revised short form (CPR-RS) were done before and after diet modification program for 5 weeks. Results There was improvement in ADHD symptoms as measured by CPR-RS after 5-weeks of diet modification program. Carbohydrate and protein intake decreased significantly after diet modification program. Energy intake did not show statistical difference while fat intake increased significantly after the diet program. Vitamin A, C, riboflavin, thiamin and iron intakes decreased significantly after diet program but were within the recommended dietary allowance. Conclusion Following the Diet modification program, ADHD symptoms were improved as documented by decrease in CPR scores. Diminished carbohydrate and protein intake in diet were positively associated with improvement of ADHD symptoms. Diet modification program succeeded in reducing obesity and then ADHD symptoms.

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Using Brain-Breaks® as a Technology Tool to Increase Attitude towards Physical Activity among Students in Singapore

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11060784 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 784

Author(s):

Govindasamy Balasekaran ◽

Ahmad Arif Bin Ibrahim ◽

Ng Yew Cheo ◽

Phua Kia Wang ◽

Garry Kuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mixed Model ◽

School Curriculum ◽

Control Group ◽

School Students ◽

Mixed Model Analysis ◽

Before And After ◽

Brain Breaks ◽

Student's Attitudes ◽

The Brain

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of classroom-based Brain Breaks® Physical Activity Solution in Southeast Asia Singaporean primary school students and their attitude towards physical activity (PA) over a ten-week intervention. A total of 113 participants (8–11 years old) were randomly assigned to either an experimental (EG) or a control group (CG), with six classes to each group; the Brain Breaks® group (EG: six classes) and the Control group (CG: six classes). All EG members participated in a Brain Breaks® video intervention (three–five min) during academic classes and the CG continued their lessons as per normal. The student’s attitudes towards PA in both research conditions were evaluated using the self–reported Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS), applied before and after intervention. The effects of the intervention on APAS scores were analysed using a mixed model analysis of variance with Time as within-subject and Group as between-subject factors. The analysis revealed evidence in support of the positive effect of classroom video interventions such as Brain Breaks® on student’s attitudes toward benefits, importance, learning, self-efficacy, fun, fitness, and trying to do their personal best in PA. The Brain Breaks® intervention provided a positive significant impact on students in Singapore. This study also revealed that interactive technology tools implemented into the school curriculum benefit students in terms of health and education.

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