scholarly journals Prevention of victimization in the area of road traffic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Petr Gennad'evich Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
On The Road

The subject of this research is the preventive measures aimed at elimination of victimization that within the framework of road traffic in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the social relations of victimhood that arise among all road users. The author carefully examines such aspects of the topic as forms of victimhood in the area of road traffic, measures that should be implemented for elimination of victimization in the area of road traffic, and provides practical example of victimhood caused by road accident. Special attention is given to preventive measures aimed at elimination of victimization in the area of road traffic in the Russian Federation. The main conclusion lies in the statement that from the practical perspective, the effectiveness of preventive measures aimed at solution of the problem of victimization lies in the interest of the road users in maintaining safety through the appearance of the consequences of road accidents, stiffening of penalties for breach of legislative regulations, realization of responsibility both for one's self and loved ones. The author’s special contribution consists in providing definition to the two forms of victimhood in the area of road traffic: 1) careless, caused by unintentionally by lack of experience of road users, substantiated by situational behavior of persons with poor sense of spatial environment; 1) reckless, caused by neglecting the road traffic regulations, provocative behavior on the road. The novelty of this work consists in the use of the relevant legal precedent that describes the victim side of road users.

scholarly journals The problem of correlation between the concepts of "violent" and "dangerous driving" in modern national and foreign psychology

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Polikarpova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aggressive Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dangerous Driving ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road

At present people in nearly all the countries of the world confront with the problem of "aggressive driving", which is particularly acute in the cities. The concept of "aggressive driving" exists in many countries of the world. But there are some differences in approaches to the definition of the content of this notion, which results in giving different names for this kind of driving. For example, in most European countries, as well as in some Asian countries people use the terms "careless driving" and "dangerous driving" ("dangerous driving"). In the United States and Australia a broader concept like "aggressive behaviour on the road" is in use. In foreign countries, there are laws and rules of the road, according to which "aggressive" driving is punishable by a fine, and in some cases, even carries criminal penalties. In Russia, the problem of "aggressive driving" nowadays has started to be treated at the legislative level, and on May, 2016 the Government of the Russian Federation enacted a regulation No. 477 “On amending the road traffic regulations of the Russian Federation ", which introduced the concept of "dangerous driving ", and on 08.06.16 the “Law on dangerous driving” was adopted. The term "dangerous driving" is not easy for understand and it raises questions among drivers, who are not completely aware of what exactly is considered to be "dangerous driving" and how to implement this notion in practice. This article provides an overview of current foreign and national researches, concerning the problem of "aggressive" and "dangerous driving", identifies the differences and similarities between the concepts of "aggressive" and "dangerous driving" as they are understood in Russia and abroad, and describes the factors that influence the emergence of aggression in drivers

scholarly journals The Mechanism of the Legal Regulation of the Organization and Movement of Road Traffic (Priorities and Advantages Related to Participation in Road Traffic)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yu. Yakimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Traffic Rules

The article is devoted to the consideration of important components of the mechanism of the legal regulation of the organization and implementation of road traffic. These include priorities, advantages associated with participation in road traffic, restrictions associated with participation in the specified process, and requirements for road users and vehicles. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation and other regulations from the perspective of a systematic approach, the author examines the totality of these components and their interrelationships. The existing shortcomings of the legal regulation of the organization and implementation of road traffic are revealed. Taking into account the results obtained, proposals are formulated to improve the legal regulation mechanism under consideration.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

scholarly journals Exploring the Informal Communication of Driver-to-Driver on Roads: A Case Study of Durban City, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jacob Adedayo Adedeji ◽  
Xoliswa E Feikie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Road User ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Hand Signal ◽  
On The Road

Road traffic fatality is rated as one of the ten causes of death in the world and with various preventive measures on a global level, this prediction is only placed on flat terrain and didn’t reduce. Nevertheless, road users’ communication is an essential key to traffic safety. This communication, be it formal or informal between the road users is an important factor for smooth traffic flow and safety. Communication language on roads can be categorized into; formal device-based signal (formal signal), formal hand signal (formal signal), informal device-based signal (informal signal), and informal gesture-based signal (everyday signal). However, if the intent of the message conveys is not properly understood by the other road user, mistakes and errors may set in. Overall, the formal signal is based on explicit learning which occurs during the driving training and the license testing process and the informal, implicit learning occur during the actual driving process on the road unintentionally. Furthermore, since the informal signal is not a prerequisite to driving or taught in driving schools, novice drivers are clueless and thus, might have contributed to errors and mistakes which leads to traffic fatalities. Therefore, this study seeks to document the informal means of communication between drivers on South African roads. Consequently, a qualitative semi-structured interview questionnaire would be used in the collection of informal signals, which were predominantly used on South African roads from driving instructors and thereafter, a focus group of passengers’ car, commercial and truck drivers will be used to validate the availability and their understanding of these informal signals using a Likert-type scale for the confidence level. In conclusion, the information gathered from this study will help improve road safety and understanding of road users especially drivers on the necessity of communication and possible adaptation for other developing countries.

scholarly journals Problems of road traffic injuries and road traffic safety in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
S. V. Shport
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
The Russian Federation

Relevance. The paper is devoted to problems of ensuring road traffic safety in Russia, which is the public task of great importance involving the implementation of the policy for protecting people's health, life, and property.Intention. To look for ways of optimizing and implementing the measures aimed at preventing the technogenic emergencies.Methodology. To analyze the indicators of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation over five years as well as the federal laws in the field of road traffic safety.Results and Discussion. Risk factors of traffic accidents include: alcohol intoxication, speed limit exceeded, overtaking in the wrong place, driver talking, smoking while driving, driver fatigue. In the Russian Federation, there is a persistent downward trend in the number of accidents. In 2019, 164,358 traffic accidents (-2.2 %; all comparisons vs 2018) occurred, 16,981 (-6.8 %) persons died, 210,877 (-1.9 %) persons were injured. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the number of accidents due violation of the Road Rules by drivers was 146,688 (-1 %); 14,420 (-5.7 %) persons died and 195,037 (-0.8 %) persons were injured. In 2019, road traffic accidents caused by drunk drivers tended to decrease (12,040; -3.5 %); 11,510 (-4 %) persons died and 160,725 (-0.4 %) persons were injured.Conclusion. Drivers' health is directly related to road traffic safety; health promotion would contribute to decreasing the number of road traffic accidents and traffic-related injuries.

scholarly journals Assessment of Colorimetric Parameters for HPS Lamp with Electromagnetic Control Gear and Electronic Ballast

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2909
Author(s):  
Roman Sikora ◽  
Przemysław Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Electronic Ballast ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Electromagnetic Control ◽  
On The Road

Road lighting is an important element of road infrastructure influencing on the road safety. It helps road users to identify potential hazards on the road and reduces the risk of a road accident. Improving the energy efficacy of road lighting installations requires using new technologies. Currently, high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps are still most commonly used in road lighting. Many of the luminaires with HPS lamps are still in good technical condition and there is no economic justification for replacing them (except improving energy efficacy). One of the methods of improving their energy efficacy is to replace the electromagnetic control gear (ECG) with an electronic ballast (EB). This replacement may affect the colorimetric parameters of the HPS lamps. Two methods to the estimation change of colorimetric parameters after the replacement of ECG to EB were used. The first is CIE TN 001:2014 and the second is ANSI/IES TM-30-15. The article also presents the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in relation to the evaluation of changes in colorimetric parameters of HPS lamps after the replacement of the ECG with an EB. After the replacement of ECG to EB, the smallest reduction of Ra (colour rendering index) occurred for the 150 W lamp by 31.30% and the highest reduction for the 70 W lamp by 65.52%. Considering the changes of the fidelity indicator Rf and gamut indicator Rg, their changes are significantly smaller than for Ra. The smallest change of Rf value was observed for a 150 W lamp (6.00%) and the largest for a 70 W lamp by 25.00%. In case of Rg, similar changes were observed—for 150 W lamp by 9.26% and for 70 W lamp by 21.88%. The ANSI/IES TM-30-15 method is more suitable for evaluating colorimetric parameters after replacing ECG with EB. Using only Ra to evaluate changes of HPS lamps colorimetric parameters after replacing the ballast type can lead to incorrect conclusions concerning changes of colorimetric parameters. Based on the ANSI/IES TM-30-15 method, it has been proposed to introduce the Δf,g indicator which determines the change of colorimetric parameters based on fidelity and gamut colour indicator.

scholarly journals The principle of objective truth, substantiation and its subjects in cases of administrative traffic offences

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Vadim Igorevich Surgutskov ◽  
Kamila Kairatovna Bekmurzinova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Supreme Courts ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Objective Truth ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence

The object of this research is the social relations established due to commission of administrative offences in the area of road traffic. The subject of this research is the federal legislation, departmental regulatory acts that establish competence of the internal affairs bodies in the process of substantiation of administrative traffic offences, as well as acts of interpretation of the Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation and the European Court of Human Rights. The main goal of this research consists in elaboration of the normative legal acts, law enforcement practice, and recommendations aimed at the improvement of substantiation in cases of administrative traffic offences. The article explores the problematic questions of law enforcement practice established due to substantiation in cases of administrative offences in the area of road traffic. Analysis of the current state of legislation of the Russian Federation that regulates such process in carried out. The scientific novelty of this work lies in revelation of problem points of acquisition, records and evaluation of evidence in cases of administrative traffic offences. The author determines the content of substantiation, its subject and limits in administrative procedures on road traffic offences. The essence of the principle of objective truth in case of administrative offence is revealed. Objective truth manifests as the purpose of substantiation. Claimant, a private party, is outlined as independent subject of substantiation, who reported on the committed administrative traffic offence, providing a photo or video footage of the violation committed.

scholarly journals Features of road safety project implementation until 2024 in Omsk region

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
E. A. Safronov ◽  
K. E. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. One of the important problems in the Russian Federation is road safety improvement (RS). This is due to the enormous damage that accidents inflict on the national economy. The Russian Federation lags behind the leading countries of the European Union in the field of road safety in terms of key indicators by 3.5 times. To close the gap, in January 2018, we adopted the 'Strategy for road safety in the Russian Federation for 2018 - 2024’ (Strategy). The goal of the Strategy is to strive for zero mortality in road traffic accidents (RTA) by 2030, and in 2024 to reduce the social risk to 4 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants.Materials and methods. The developments are based on a new theory developed at SibADI - this is the cyclical dynamics of road accidents on a national scale, subordinate to the level of the economy. During crisis, there is a decrease in the number of accidents; this is influenced by a number of factors, the main one is a decrease in the total mileage of vehicles. During such periods, the effectiveness of measures to reduce road accidents is often confused with the real cause, which leads to a decrease in funding and the curtailment of work to improve road safety, which should not be done. When the economy recovers, the level of road accidents recovers and even begins to grow due to the loss of qualifications of drivers who are idle during the crisis.Results. There are two different approaches to achieving this goal. At the federal level, there is a programmatic approach, while in the regions the project method is used within the framework of the 'Safe and High-Quality Highways’ national project (BKAD). A similar project was adopted in the Omsk region. A feature of the road safety project implementation in the Omsk region is the involvement of science. Research is carried out at the Organization and Traffic Safety Department and is introduced into the educational process and implemented at the Federal Training Center for advanced training of workers involved in the training of drivers, created in SibADI.Discussion and conclusion. The scientific approach guarantees the identification and quality solution of the main problems of the road safety project. This applies to recommendations for stabilizing project financing, justifying the development of public transport, using new technologies, improving the regulatory and legislative framework in all areas of urban planning and infrastructure.

RUSSIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION: ON THE WAY TO VISA-FREE REGIME

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3/1) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
V. A. SHCHEDRIN
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Cross Border Movement

The article examines the causal relationship between the emergence  of a dialogue between the Russian Federation and the European  Union on the preparation of an agreement on the abolition of visas  and the liberalization of visa laws. The process of preparing the  agreement is traced. The article proves the desire of the Russian  side to promptly introduce a provision on the adoption of appropriate  measures for the cross-border movement of citizens of  Russia and the European Union (visa-free regime), as well as  opposition from the European officials. During the consideration of  the problem, both legal and political aspects are touched upon,  which hamper the development of a constructive dialogue on the  road to achieving a visafree agreement between Russia and the  European Union. The author comprehensively considers the dynamics of bilateral negotiations, as well as changes that arise  in legal documents due to political, economic and social conditions.  The author notes significant milestones in the development of a visa- free regime, including the steps taken by the Russian Federation to change legislation with a view to signing an agreement on cross-border movement.

Evaluation Of Major Causes Of Road Accidents Along North–East Highway, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arafat Suleiman Yero ◽  
Tijanni Y Ahmed ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Road Users

A major road link in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria is the Bauchi – Maiduguri highway that is a 425 km road that links a section of the north east region to other regions of Nigeria. The goods and services to the region are basically transported by road.  This has increased vehicular traffic that resulted in increased road accident rates over the years.  It is paramount to investigate the major causes of vehicle accidents on this highway as much has not been done to investigate accident cases on the route. The five year accident record on that route was obtained from the Federal Road Safety Corp of Nigeria,   the Nigeria Police traffic unit, and the Nigeria union of road traffic workers. The study indicated that speed violation by drivers and bad road conditions contributes greatly in the rate of accidents along the route. Hence the study recommends better road maintenance culture and more sensitization of the road users and enforcement of speed limits.

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