scholarly journals Ratio of isotopic parameters δ2H-δ18o in Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice wedge

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Nadine Arkad'evna Budantseva ◽  
Yurij Kirillovich Vasil'chuk
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Yenisei River ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Normal Ratio ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Line Inclination ◽  
Continental Climate

The subject of this research is the ratio of isotopic parameters of deuterium of heavy oxygen in ice wedges. The authors considered such parameter as inclination of the line of the ration of deuterium of heavy oxygen in ice wedges. Proximal to GMLV (or LLMV) position of isotope values for ice wedge and inclination of the line proximate to 8 suggests that the ice wedge was formed from atmospheric precipitation (winter snow). The article provides separate examples of anomalous deuterium ratios of heavy oxygen with very low ration of line inclination, which in combination with the abnormally low dexc values indicate the indicate isotopic fractionation processes in snow before melting and/or melting snow water before filling frost-cutting cracks. Three author determines the three main types of ratios of deuterium m of heavy oxygen content in ice wedge: a) normal ratio δ2H-δ18O (with line inclination of the ratio proximate to GLMV or LLMW). b) ratio of deuterium  of heavy oxygen to deviation from GLMV or LLMW (with signs of change in the primary isotope signal of atmospheric precipitation), c) anomalous ratio of deuterium of heavy oxygen. It is shown that the first two types  are characteristic to most ice wedge under study in the vast part of the Russian cryolithozone from the European North to the east of Chukotka; the third type is obtained for several Holocene ice wedge in Transbaikal and upper Yenisei River. This may be explained by significant isotope transformation of snow cover in the conditions of distinctly continental climate.

scholarly journals Mapping snow depth within a tundra ecosystem using multiscale observations and Bayesian methods

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruko M. Wainwright ◽  
Anna K. Liljedahl ◽  
Baptiste Dafflon ◽  
Craig Ulrich ◽  
John E. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Spatial Sampling ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Arctic Alaska ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Tundra Ecosystem ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Abstract. This paper compares and integrates different strategies to characterize the variability of end-of-winter snow depth and its relationship to topography in ice-wedge polygon tundra of Arctic Alaska. Snow depth was measured using in situ snow depth probes, and estimated using ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys and the Photogrammetric Detection and Ranging (PhoDAR) technique with an unmanned aerial system (UAS). We found that GPR data provided high-precision estimates of snow depth (RMSE = 2.9 cm), with a spatial sampling of 10 cm along transects. UAS-based approaches provided snow depth estimates in a less laborious manner compared to GPR and probing while yielding a high precision (RMSE = 6.0 cm) and a fine spatial sampling (4 cm by 4 cm). We then investigated the spatial variability of snow depth and its correlation to micro- and macrotopography using the snow-free LiDAR digital elevation map (DEM) and the wavelet approach. We found that the end-of-winter snow depth was highly variable over short (several meter) distances, and the variability was correlated with microtopography. Microtopographic lows (i.e., troughs and centers of low-centered polygons) were filled in with snow, which resulted in a smooth and even snow surface following macrotopography. We developed and implemented a Bayesian approach to integrate the snow-free LiDAR DEM and multi-scale measurements (probe and GPR) as well as the topographic correlation for estimating snow depth over the landscape. Our approach led to high precision estimates of snow depth (RMSE = 6.0 cm), at 0.5-meter resolution and over the LiDAR domain (750 m by 700 m).

scholarly journals Shephering and Shepherd Clothing in Turkish Culture – Felt Cloak and Fur

Turkology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (102) ◽  
pp. 105-124
Author(s):  
H.N. Begiç ◽  
◽  
C. Öz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Similar Function ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Continuous Interaction ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Natural Result ◽  
Continental Climate

People have shared the geography they located in with animals since ancient times. Within this symbiosis, people have benefited from animals that they are in continuous interaction in various areas. Central Asia steps is a region that has harsh continental climate with cold winters and warm summers. Migrant settlers in this region, with a limited agriculture potential, live off animal husbandry. Feeding of herd and the need for managing this duty in a safe way pave the way for sheepherding. Shepherd’s felt cloak and fur used by shepherds against the unfavorable weather conditions are the primary symbols of shepherd culture due to their important functions. Worn by shepherds in order to be protected against the unfavorable climate conditions, felt cloak defined as sleeveless clothing made up of felt are considered with the concept of felt. Similarly shepherd’s fur, which is made up of peltry of sheep and lamb, and has a similar function with felt cloak, is one of vital clothing materials of shepherds. As a natural result of animal breeding, which is one of the indispensable elements of the nomadic lifestyle, with the transition processes of people to the settled order and accordingly agricultural production as well as the breeding of animals they have tried to hunt, the shepherd profession, which is obliged to meet all kinds of needs of animals, has emerged. In this study, it is aimed to give information about the development and importance of shepherd, about dandruff and shepherd's fur, a clothing specific to shepherds. The information obtained from the written and virtual sources related to the subject and the interviews made with the source persons were tried to be transferred. It is important to emphasize the process of making a garment a cultural carrier.

scholarly journals Geochemical composition of Holocene and Late Pleistocene ice wedges in the yedoma of Stanchikovsky Yar and near the Chersky town, Northern Yakutia

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Nadine Arkad'evna Budantseva ◽  
Yurij Kirillovich Vasil'chuk
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Melted Snow ◽  
Level Ice ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Kolyma River

The subject of this research is the Late Pleistocene and Holocene ice wedges exposed near Chersky settlement, lower Kolyma River, and in the yedoma strata of the Stanchikovsky Yar on the Maly Anyuy River. In the yedoma of the Stanchikovsky Yar, multi-tiered syngenetic ice wedges were exposed at different levels – from 10 to 35 m above river level. Ice wedge in the lower tier was sampled in detail. In the yedoma strata near Chersky relatively small fragments of ice wedges up to 1.5 m wide and up to 2 m high were exposed. 1.5-2 km from Chersky within the lacusrtine-paludal depression Holocene ice wedges were exposed. Ice wedges in these three sections was sampled to clarify the geochemical conditions of their formation. It is shown that concentration of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl- and SO42- in Holocene and Late Pleistocene ice wedges is very low and mean values do not exceed 5 mg/L. The highest values were obtained for Ca2+, which corresponds to the predominance of this ion in the modern snow of Yakutia and indicates that ice wedges were formed mainly from melted snow. Rather high values of NO3-, reaching 14-27 mg/L, are quite likely due to the swampy environment within polygonal landscapes, where organic matter of both plant and animal origin is decomposed. For comparison, in the water of the Kolyma and Maly Anyu rivers, concentration of nitrates is quite low and does not exceed 0.3 mg/L.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties, elemental and material snow composition in Rostov-on-Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Fedorov ◽  
Daria F. Solodko ◽  
Victoria I. Chepurnaya ◽  
Irina V. Dotsenko ◽  
Boris V. Talpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Migration Forms ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
Don River ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical

To study the current distribution of the heavy metals (HM) levels and iron in the atmospheric precipitation in Rostov-on-Don, an expedition was conducted aimed at simultaneous river water and snow sampling in the Don River, the roadside and park areas. The pH values of the melt-water were characterized by a slightly acidic reaction, and the stale snow in the park had lower values in comparison with the fresh snow. The river water was slightly alkaline, and the concentrations of dissolved migration forms of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Fe did not exceed the MPC. The exception was the Cu content, which exceeded the MPC by 2.4 times. The contents of the dissolved migration forms of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Fe in snow exceeded their contents in river waters. The HM and Fe percentage in suspended form in river water and different snow states is calculated and the sequence series are constructed. The analysis showed that in melt-water, in comparison with river water, there is a higher percentage of the HM and iron in the solution. That may be due to the slightly acidic reaction of the snow water medium, which, as is known, promotes the HM and Fe mobilization from the suspension and their transition to the dissolved state. Using electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis, the suspension composition in the snow of the park zone was studied, which is mainly represented by aggregates of clay minerals, quartz grains, water silicates, feldspars, and organic matter clumps.

scholarly journals Past climate and continentality inferred from ice wedges at Batagay megaslump in the Northern Hemisphere's most continental region, Yana Highlands, interior Yakutia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1443-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Opel ◽  
Julian B. Murton ◽  
Sebastian Wetterich ◽  
Hanno Meyer ◽  
Kseniia Ashastina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Ice Complex

Abstract. Ice wedges in the Yana Highlands of interior Yakutia – the most continental region of the Northern Hemisphere – were investigated to elucidate changes in winter climate and continentality that have taken place since the Middle Pleistocene. The Batagay megaslump exposes ice wedges and composite wedges that were sampled from three cryostratigraphic units: the lower ice complex of likely pre-Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 age, the upper ice complex (Yedoma) and the upper sand unit (both MIS 3 to 2). A terrace of the nearby Adycha River provides a Late Holocene (MIS 1) ice wedge that serves as a modern reference for interpretation. The stable-isotope composition of ice wedges in the MIS 3 upper ice complex at Batagay is more depleted (mean δ18O about −35 ‰) than those from 17 other ice-wedge study sites across coastal and central Yakutia. This observation points to lower winter temperatures and therefore higher continentality in the Yana Highlands during MIS 3. Likewise, more depleted isotope values are found in Holocene wedge ice (mean δ18O about −29 ‰) compared to other sites in Yakutia. Ice-wedge isotopic signatures of the lower ice complex (mean δ18O about −33 ‰) and of the MIS 3–2 upper sand unit (mean δ18O from about −33 ‰ to −30 ‰) are less distinctive regionally. The latter unit preserves traces of fast formation in rapidly accumulating sand sheets and of post-depositional isotopic fractionation.

scholarly journals Isotopic Fractionation in a Snow-Water System

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 296-296
Author(s):  
M. Nakawo ◽  
S. Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Water System ◽  
Snow Water

scholarly journals STUDIES ON CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM METABOLISM IN DISEASE

1920 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank P. Underhill ◽  
James A. Honeij ◽  
L. Jean Bogert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Diet ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Normal Ratio ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Calcium Exchange ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Excretion ◽  
Progressive Stage

In the stabilized stage of exostosis calcium exchange differs little from that of a normal individual whether the abnormal subject is maintained upon a calcium-poor diet or upon one rich in this element. In the progressive stage of the disease calcium metabolism is markedly different from the normal in that calcium is lost from the body in large amounts when the subject is maintained upon a calcium-poor diet. This excessive elimination of calcium is by way of both the urine and feces in a normal ratio. When placed upon a calcium-rich diet calcium is retained to an extent not widely deviating from that obtained in normal subjects. A resumption to a calcium-poor diet again induces excessive calcium elimination. In the stabilized stage of exostosis magnesium excretion is two or three times greater than the intake whether the subject is maintained upon a diet poor or rich in magnesium. In the progressive stage of the disease the general type of magnesium excretion resembles that of the stabilized stage but the degree of elimination is not so marked. Magnesium added to the diet in the stabilized stage is promptly excreted. The same test applied to the progressive stage gives evidence of retention of some magnesium. The degree of retention, however, is much less than that shown by normal individuals. Absorption of both calcium and magnesium in exostosis is not inferior to that of normal subjects. The facts enumerated suggest that in the early stages of exostosis, that is during the proliferative cartilage changes, the progress of the disease may perhaps be checked by proper dietary procedure — restriction of calcium and magnesium intake.

scholarly journals Arctic Snow Cover Information for Hydrological Investigations at Various Scales

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 245-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-ko Woo
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Winter Snow ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Ground Truthing

Routine snow survey and snow gauge data provided by weather stations establish snow-on-the-ground and snowfall time series but they lack a spatial dimension. Of particular importance to arctic hydrology is the end-of-winter snow conditions. For micro-scale investigations of spring breakup, slope runoff generation or gully sediment production, detailed mapping of the late winter snow cover is required. On a meso-scale, terrain exerts the principal control on snow distribution so that for catchment snowmelt and water balance studies, terrain units should be distinguished and the snow water equivalent for various terrain types obtained through ground survey. Regional dispositon of the snowline or early melt zones can be mapped from satellite but ground truthing is necessary if the quantity of snow needs to be known. Passive microwave sensor offers the potential of mapping the snow water equivalent after the signals are calibrated by ground snow data. Spatially distributed but areally integrated rather than point snow data are appropriate for macro-scale hydrological investigations. Field studies carried out in the Canadian Arctic Islands over the past decades provide the database and the experience needed to recommend appropriate methods for acquiring snow cover information compatible with the scale and the subject of enquiry.

Features of snow accumulation and snow cover parameters оn the Elkon mountain rang

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
A. Kirillin ◽  
◽  
M. Zheleznyak ◽  
A. Zhirkov ◽  
I. Misailov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
The Subject

With the intensive industrial development of South Yakutia, in particular the Elkon mountain range, the natural environment is experiencing an enormous anthropogenic load. To assess the state of the natural environment, it is important to obtain information about its background state before the start of an intensive technogenic impact. Snow cover seems to be the optimal indicator of chemical pollution of atmospheric air and atmospheric precipitation, as it is one of the significant natural factors that form natural conditions. To take effective preventive measures to eliminate severe consequences, reliable data on the characteristics and conditions of snow cover formation are required. The object of research is the Elkon mountain range, located in the northern part of the Aldan-Stanovoy Upland. The subject is the peculiarities of the formation of snow cover in this region. The purpose of the study is to determine the main meteorological parameters and physical characteristics that affect the conditions for the formation of snow cover. A set of methods was used in the study, including snow survey and routine observations of snow parameters in key areas. As a result of the study, new data were obtained on the regional features of the formation of snow cover. The practical focus of the study is to improve the reliability of engineering-geological and geocryological mapping and forecasting environmental changes

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