Soviet period in the history of tourism development in Russia: integration of cultural heritage, government policy, ideology, and economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-164
Author(s):  
Olga Shulgina ◽  
Dar'ya Pavlovna Shul'gina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia

The object of this research is the history of tourism development in Russia. The subject of this research is the factors and peculiarities of the development of Russian tourism in the Soviet period (1918-1991). Based on documentary and literary sources, the author characterizes the peculiarity of the phenomenon of Soviet tourism following its key stages. Special attention is given to the integration of tourism, cultural heritage, government policy, ideology, and economy during the Soviet period. Tourism is viewed in the context of socioeconomic and political transformations of the Soviet society, cultural development, and attitude towards prerevolutionary cultural heritage in the Soviet society. The article traces the formation of a new socialist cultural heritage as a factor of tourism development, effective method of ideological education, and enlightenment of the population in the context of socialist ideas. The following conclusions were made: the groundwork on tourism laid in the prerevolutionary period have subsequently been transformed; the peculiarities of Soviet tourism formed with a clear ideological component and specific types. The author indicated impeccable success achieved in the tourism sector during this period; however, it took its own peculiar path. If the foreign countries were focused on improving comfort and infrastructure, commercialization and competitiveness of services between the travel agencies, then in Soviet Russia, tourism was controlled by the government and developed in the context of the objectives of party-state building. The author’s special contribution consists in carrying out periodization of the development of Russian tourism during the Soviet time; detailed characteristic of each period; determination of specificity of using prerevolutionary cultural heritage along with new cultural objects and traditions of the Soviet time in tourism. The novelty consists in revealing the key peculiarities and stages of tourism development in Soviet Russia. Tourism is viewed in relation to the development and new perception of the cultural heritage of Russia, as well as the development of peculiar unique approaches towards the dominant sites for tourist visits.

scholarly journals Badanie kultury w PRL i ZSRR oraz nowe spojrzenie na kulturę w polskiej i rosyjskiej socjologii po przełomie ustrojowym

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Victoria Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Political Economic

The author analyses a history of research on culture in communist Poland and the USSR (later Russian Federation). She finds similarities and differences. During the time of communist Poland a tendency was to standardize the supply of culture and make the access to it more democratic. The basic task of the sociology of culture in communist Poland was to control the advancement process of culture dissemination and research into the various forms of participation. However, in the second half of the 70s attention was more and more focused on the directions of cultural sociology development and functions. Following the fall of communism this discipline was faced with a challenge of embracing all the important directions of changes while indicating a now socio-cultural model at the same time. In the USSR, on the other hand, the government was interested only in the cultural research which was to confirm a hypothesis on fast cultural development of masses. Sociology of culture did not exist as a science, though. Following years of deep crisis, when perestroika period began, sociologists of post soviet Russia faced a serious challenge: how to move from “the only one true” Marxist paradigm to the mastering and usage of various theories which functioned in sociology around the world. The Author indicated the contribution in this respect i.a. of Vladimir Yadov or academics circled around Yurij Levada. In general one can say that in Poland as well as in Russia, the sociology of culture following the fall of communist regime and following certain major political, economic, social and cultural changes, found itself in entirely new reality.

scholarly journals Культурное наследие региона в медиакультурном пространстве постсоветской России (на примере Астраханской области)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Avtorkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Astrakhan Oblast ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Multimedia Journalism ◽  
Soviet Russia

Статья посвящена проблеме сохранения культурного наследия региона в эпоху глобализации. Целью исследования является определение степени полноты отражения проблем сохранения культурного наследия в массмедиа постсоветской России на примере Астраханского региона. Материалами явились исследования культурологов и историков, а также публикации в региональных СМИ. Реконструкция процессов развития астраханских СМИ в социокультурной динамике и проведение контент-анализа современного медиакультурного пространства региона обусловили вывод о том, что массмедиа Астраханской области уделяют значительное внимание проблематике культурного наследия во многом благодаря серьезной поддержке местных властей, активно использующих СМИ в целях привлечения общественного внимания к сохранению культурного наследия. Указано на необходимость дальнейшего исследования данной проблематики средствами различных областей научного знания от истории, культурологии и философии до мультимедийной журналистики и политики.The article is devoted to the issues of reflecting activities to preserve the cultural heritage of a region in the mediacultural space of post-Soviet Russia using the example of Astrakhan Oblast. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of coverage of the problems of preserving cultural heritage in the mass media of post-Soviet Russia, based on the study of the evolution of the mediacultural space of Astrakhan. The research materials were the studies of culturologists and historians, as well as publications in regional media. The methodology is based on a system-historical approach and the ideas of the followers of the French sociological school (Emile Durkheim). The analysis of the concept cultural memory showed that objects of cultural heritage are an integral part of the history of humankind since they provide a factual basis for the development of ideas that arise in the field of humanitarian knowledge and can confirm them. Such objects preservation reflects the recognition of the need to study the past however, the specific content of the concept cultural heritage varies from generation to generation. The author used these ideas in the subsequent review of the media development in Astrakhan Oblast. This process began in the pre-revolutionary period with the appearance of the first sociopolitical newspapers and periodicals on economics. The study of the history of regional media in the Soviet times showed that the number of printed periodicals grew, their influence on the formation of public opinion increased, new media communication technologies (broadcasting and television) appeared. It is noted that the regional features of the media formed in the 20th century contributed to the formation of a single modern mediacultural space. The development of the media sphere of Astrakhan in the post-Soviet period was characterized by intense dynamics. Skillfully using modern communication capabilities, the regional authorities were able to draw public attention to the problems of preserving the objects of cultural heritage of Astrakhan. This became possible due to the nature of the mass communication tools, which have a direct impact on ideas, opinions, values, and guidelines of behavior that form and exist in the public consciousness. At the same time, a continuous coverage of a problem in the media devalues it, reduces its social significance and normalizes its severity in peoples minds. The need for further study of this issue by means of various fields of scientific knowledge, from history, cultural studies and philosophy to multimedia journalism and politics, is indicated.

scholarly journals SHOCK-BRIGADE OF SOVIET RUSSIA’S PEDAGOGIC INSTITUTES: PREREQUISITES FOR THE CREATION AND CONTENT OF UNPUBLISHED DECREES

2020 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Molokov
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
National Educational Policy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article reveals and analyses the content of unpublished decrees on the shock-brigade of higher educational institutes adopted in Soviet Russia at the late 1920s. Despite the fact that the documents were signed by the government of the country, they have been practically not mentioned in the sourcebooks of legal acts, decrees of the Soviet government and historical and pedagogic literature. At the same time, they contributed to the transformation of the Russian system of pedagogic education, defi ning a course for the centralisation of management and outlining the contours of the model of continuous professional training of pedagogues. Evaluation of the text of the resolutions, their correlation with socio-cultural and historical conditions allowed us to determine the prerequisites for the formation of a shock-brigade of higher pedagogic educational institutions. Based on the analysis of archival sources in the Upper Volga region, the article provides examples of implementing the decision on the shock-brigade of pedagogic institutes at the regional level. The research materials supplement scientifi c information about the features of the national educational policy in the fi eld of teacher training and can be used to supplement the sourcebooks of legal acts of the beginning of the Soviet period of Russian history, implement modern educational policy in the fi eld of pedagogic education, analyse the activities of supporting universities, supplement the educational literature and content of training courses on the history of pedagogy and education.

scholarly journals Methods of historicization of estate landscapes of Moscow

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Chernyavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
New Construction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Vision ◽  
The Government

The object of this research is the methods used in design practices of post-Soviet time to give historical appearance to landscapes of former estates of Moscow region, which faded away, i.e. the methods of historicization. The landscapes under review are being protected by the government as the objects of Moscow cultural heritage, and designated as museums (reserve museums) and public parks. The subject of this research is disclosure of the essence of these methods and their assessment from the perspective of alignment with historical primary sources, implementation, proliferation, and attractiveness. The author conducts systematization of methods in accordance to the degree of conformance to the historical realities, and divides them into the following groups: 1) that provide accurate reproduction of historical forms, 2) that create similarities, 3) that create new forms. Each group is divided into subgroups. By frequency of application, the leading place belongs to the methods of first group, which are aimed at reproduction of the shapes of buildings and structures. The rest two methods focus on reviving the memory of the past. The application is attributed to new construction, which can be assessed as landscape evolution and a modern artistic phenomenon. The methods of second group lead to landscape development in spirit of historicism, while the methods of third group – to the development of territory based on modern vision of the past. The conducted analysis is valued for the general outlook upon the process of preservation of one of the most complex types of cultural heritage of Moscow.

scholarly journals RUSSIA IN THE FOCUS OF THE EXISTENCE AND THE DUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Olegovna Khazieva ◽  
Aklim Khatypovich Khaziev ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Klyushina ◽  
German Nikolaevich Stepanenko ◽  
Ravya Faritovna Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Political Character ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: In the center of work is the philosophy of history of Russia for the last hundred years of its existence through a prism real and due. Proceeding from a recognized thesis that it is natural to eat development of society - historical process authors focused the attention on modeling social development. Methodology: Methods of our analysis of the Soviet and Post-Soviet society will be based on documents of a political character, and, first of all, on the attestations of eyewitnesses reflecting daily occurrence language as in it the life of the person and society affects more adequately. Result: In the early nineties the last century the project of Post-Soviet Russia as a synonym of "the highway of a human civilization" began to be embodied. However, over time and it appeared under criticism fire as did not consider the identity of Russia. There was a requirement of the embodiment new due where the dialectics of the general, special and single is the leader. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Russia in the Focus of the Existence and the DUE is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

Don’t Ask, Do(n’t) Tell: Homeschooling in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-319
Author(s):  
Esther ERLINGS
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Home Education ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
History Of ◽  
1997 Handover ◽  
The Government

AbstractHong Kong’s history of compulsory schooling (as opposed to education) commenced under colonial rule and has been maintained by the local government following the 1997 Handover. Beyond the exception of “reasonable cause,” homeschooling, or elective home education, is in principle prohibited under the laws of Hong Kong. However, there is evidence of a growing homeschooling community in Hong Kong that relies on loopholes in the law and an apparent de facto government policy to operate. This article sets out the background, legal framework, and homeschooling practice in Hong Kong. It criticizes the current situation from the perspectives of legal certainty and children’s rights. The author suggests that the government should take action to devise clear laws and public policy in relation to elective home education.

scholarly journals Источники изучения российской гуманитарной деятельности периода Гражданской войны в России. 1917–1921 годы

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Ippolitov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Far East ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia

Российская гуманитарная деятельность периода Гражданской войны на территориях, подконтрольных антибольшевистским режимам, и в эмиграции является малоизученной областью отечественной исторической науки, интерес к которой в среде профессиональных историков не ослабевает. Статья посвящена изучению источников различного происхождения, позволяющих сформировать источниковую базу исследования российской гуманитарной деятельности: от фондов Российского общества Красного Креста в Сибири до воспоминаний деятелей Белого движения, от документов Министерства снабжения и продовольствия Омского правительства и его местных органов, касавшихся ситуации с поставками хлеба, до протоколов с именами репрессированных в Крыму сестер милосердия РОКК, хранящихся в Отраслевом государственном архиве Службы безопасности Украины. Особое внимание обращено на богатейшую коллекцию документов Русского заграничного исторического архива в Праге (РЗИА), переданного нашей стране в 1945 г. Корпус документов из состава Пражского архива хранится сегодня в Государственном архиве Российской Федерации. В результате проведенного исследования автор пришел к выводу, что в условиях деградации государственных и муниципальных институтов, развала политической жизни, острого гражданского конфликта, экономического кризиса, охватившего всю территорию бывшей Российской империи, дефицита предметов первой необходимости и продуктов питания российская гуманитарная деятельность не только не была свернута, но и пережила на коротком отрезке времени расцвет. Поэтому определение и описание корпуса источников для изучения этой исторической области по-прежнему остается актуальной задачей.The bulk of sources on Russian humanitarian activity during the Civil War period had been accumulated in the collections of the Prague Archive, a collection of documents that originated in Prague as an institution with the Cultural and Educational Department of the Prague Zemgor in 1923. Later it was called the Russian Historical Archive Abroad in Prague. Thanks to the financial support of the Czechoslovak government and a developed system of representatives, the Archive annually replenished its collection of documents that reflected the activities of Russian emigrants in different countries of the world. And if documents of the government of Admiral Kolchak and his military staff are presented in a fair number, the funds of personal origin are extremely small. Thus, documentary collections, allowing to at least fragmentarily complement the canvas of Russian humanitarian activity during the Civil War are of great value. The Fund of M.L. Kondakov, a representative of the Russian Red Cross Society during the rule of Admiral Kolchak in 1918, contains draft documents and personal correspondence of the author on the Russian Red Cross Societys recovery humanitarian activity in Siberia and the Far East. Among the few funds of personal origin that preserve sources on the history of humanitarian activity during the Civil war and emigration, is the Fund of Vissarion Gurevich, a lawyer and a public figure, who was a member of the Siberian Zemstvo and City Union and a member of the Economic Meetings under the Chief Representative of Admiral Kolchak during the war. Domestic archives have more funds of personal origin of political and public figures, who, to some extent, participated in the activities of the governments of A.I. Denikin and later P.N. Wrangel and managed to evacuate and take out their papers during the Crimean evacuation. The situation with the supply of bread was reflected in the documents of the Ministry of Food Supply and Consumption and its local authorities, as well as the various organisations involved in the procurement. Therefore, the documentary materials created during the daily activities of these agencies are an important source for studying both the humanitarian and financial policies of the White Siberian authorities and the economic history of the region during this period. The Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine has a significant array of documents for the study of Russian humanitarian activity. In 1998, a collection of documents The Legislative Activity of the White Governments of Siberia (JuneNovember 1918) was published. Attempts to carry out human rights activities in Soviet Russia, as part of the ceneral humanitarian canvas of the post-revolutionary era, are reflected in the publication Two Episodes from the Life of Literary Organisations: Report of Deputies of Literary Organisations on a Trip to Moscow in the Case of Arrested Writers and Scholars. The source tells about the events of 2829 August 1919 when the leaders of the so-called National Centre were arrested in Moscow and the lists of members of this organisation were seized.

scholarly journals The History of the Aginsk Steppe Duma in the Documents from the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatiya (1839-1904) Has Been Published

2020 ◽  
pp. 950-959
Author(s):  
Victor N. Kazarin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
East Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The review of an anthology on the history of the Aginsk Steppe Duma published by drs. B.V. Bazarov, B.T. Zhalsanova, L.V.Kuras notes that hundreds the new archival documents offer a holistic view on the governmental politics concerning one of large ingenious peoples of East Russia. The composers have identified and presented documents reflecting various aspects of local self-government of the Aginsk Duma created on the basis of M.M. Speransky’s Statute on the Inorodtsy of 1822. The review contains a brief characteristic of the archival documents corpus systematized in volumes and argues their information value. The documents contain data on the officials of the Duma, personnel structure in dynamics from its foundation to its termination. The edition offers an array of documents on tax policy pertaining to indigenous population, public censures, correspondence on administrative and land disputes at the turn of the 19th century. Authors-composers have published family lists of the Aginsk buryats. The review underscores the information value of the commentary included in all volumes of the edition, the nominal indexes numbering hundreds of surnames. The illustrative component of this three-volume edition is also emphasized: there are rare photos of officials of the Aginsk department, meetings of tsesarevitch Nikolai Aleksandrovich in Transbaikalia in 1892, deputy of the State Duma, descendants of families from the Transbaikal steppes in the Soviet period. The review emphasizes the importance of such edition for studying governmental policies concerning ingenious peoples, balance of government and local self- government, social and economic and cultural development of East regions in the Imperial period. Materials of the three-volume edition open numerous unpublished documents to researchers. The review notes its value for historians, local historians, archivists, museums employees, and those researching their family tree.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Pengembangan Destinasi Wisata Zona A Kampung Budaya Betawi Setu Babakan Jagakarsa, Jakarta Selatan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supina Supina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
The Government

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p align="center"><em> </em></p><p><em>Setu Babakan Cultural Village is a Tourism Destination located in the South of Jakarta which in 2024 was named a Betawi Cultural Heritage. Setu Babakan Cultural Village consists of 3 Zones: Zone A is the preservation center for cultural development, Zone B is the Indonesian culinary center, and Zone C is the commercial and natural study.  </em></p><p><em>                    This study aims to be a reference material to make Setu Babakan Cultural Area as a Sustainable Tourism Destination, therefore the concept of ecotourism research needs to be done to prevent Culture from being preserved but the environment and other important elements in the Babakan Setu Cultural Village are damaged.  </em></p><p><em>                    This study is a descriptive study that uses a qualitative approach using key informants only. From this study it can be seen that the Government of Setu Babakan's development efforts by the Government has been very good but several policies are needed to increase tourists' desire to visit as well aseducating tourists of proper tourism behaviors, because awareness of tourists, especially hygiene issues is still very minimal.</em><em></em></p><h5 align="center"><em> </em></h5><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>tourism destination, cultural village, ecotourism</em></p>

scholarly journals Darwin’s On the Origin of Species in Russia and in the USSR: some aspects of translation and publication

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 285-315
Author(s):  
Mikhail B. Konashev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Origin Of Species ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Time

The translation of Ch. Darwin’s main and most well-known book, On the Origin of Species, had great significance for the reception and development of his evolution theory in Russia and later in the USSR, and for many reasons. The history of the book’s publication in Russian in tsarist Russia and in the Soviet Union is analyzed in detail. The first Russian translation of On the Origin of Species was made by Sergey A. Rachinsky in 1864. Till 1917 On the Origin of Species had been published more than ten times, including the publication in Darwin’s collected works. The edition of 1907– –1909 with Timiryazev as editor had the best quality of translation and scientific editing. This translation was used in all subsequent Soviet and post-Soviet editions. During Soviet time, On the Origin of Species was published seven times in total, and three times as a part of Darwin’s collected works. From 1940 to 1987, as a result of the domination of Lysenkoism in Soviet biology, On the Origin of Species was not published in the USSR. During the post-Soviet period, the book was published only two times, and it happened already in the 21st century. The small number of editions of Darwin’s main book in post-Soviet time is one of the consequences of the discredit of the evolutionary theory in mass media and by the Russian Orthodox Church as well as the rise of neo-Lysenkoism. The general circulation of nine pre-revolutionary editions of On the Origin of Species was about 30,000–35,000 copies. Only four editions which had been released in the USSR from 1926 to 1937 had the total circulation in 79,200 copies. Two post-Soviet editions published in 2001 and in 2003 had already a circulation of only 1,000 copies. Subsequent editions in each period of Russian history was thus some kind of an answer to the scientific, political and social requirements of the Russian society and the Russian state.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document