scholarly journals Digital society in ethical-axiological context: from postmodern to hi-tech society

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Alexey Viktorovich Suslov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Social Management

The object of this research is the modern digital society as a new civilizational level in development of humanity. The subject of this research is the evolution of ethical values and principles in the context of transition from postindustrial stage to information society, as well as ethical aspect of implementation of digital technologies and artificial intelligence systems into the realm of social management. The article familiarizes the audience with the Chinese system of social score – the largest social experiment on the basis of digital technologies, as well as with the trends and prospects of digitalization process in modern Russia. Having analyzed the national and foreign experience, the author demonstrates the risks of hurried implementation of digital solutions based on artificial intelligence without extensive ethical examination, point out the contradiction between scientific-technological and economic freedom, and the need for limiting these freedoms for the sake of human welfare. The conclusion is made that despite all advantages, digital technologies bear the risks of unethical usage of personal data and violation of privacy. Turning data into the product as a means for gaining profit, difficulties of legal regulation and control thereof, makes a human extremely vulnerable in the new digital world. Therefore, in the process of collection and processing of data, as well as in creation of robotic systems based on artificial intelligence, it is essential to adequately assess the risks and formulate ethical restrictions, which should be taken into account in their design and exploitation.

scholarly journals Legal Awareness in a Digital Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-157
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Laptev ◽  
Vladimir Fedin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Digital World

Our perception of reality depends on multiple factors, including the language of communication and the culture adopted by civil society. With the development of digital technologies, the methods for transferring information, traditions and cultural code between participants in public relations have undergone drastic changes. The emergence of the “digital layer” between the human consciousness and the outside world has resulted in a shift in our perception of the world since we now view it through the prism of the digital space. The use of artificial intelligence and global cloud data in the daily life of society requires special consideration. Our interaction with cyberphysical systems has dramatically affected our perception of immediate reality. The synthesis of human cognition and artificial intelligence is leading to an amalgamation of material and cyberphysical spaces, as a result of which objects of the digital world acquire material value, whereas material objects (works of art, music, books, etc.) get transformed into a digital code. This article examines societal trends in the development of digital technologies at the fourth stage of the industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Here, we review the possible interpretations of the concept of “digital relations” and characterize the participants in such relations. Furthermore, we analyze the factors affecting the legal awareness of an individual and identify the essential characteristics of cognition in a digital society. We also consider the challenges currently facing the State and evaluate the prospects for the development and regulation of digital relations.

scholarly journals Criminological Risks of Using Artificial Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildar Begishev ◽  
Zarina Khisamova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
State Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Status

The topics of artificial intelligence (AI) and the development of intelligent technologies are highly relevant and important in the modern digital world. Over its fifty years of history, AI has developed from a theoretical concept to an intelligent system capable of making independent decisions. Key advantages of using AI include, primarily, an opportunity for mankind to get rid of routine work and to engage in creative activities that machines are not capable of. According to international consulting agencies, global business investments in digital transformation will reach 58 trillion USD by 2021, while global GDP will grow by 14 %, or 15.7 trillion USD, in connection with the active use of AI. However, its rapid evolvement poses new threats connected with AI’s ability to self-develop that the state and the society have to counteract; specifically, they have to introduce normative regulation of AI activities and to address threats arising from its functioning. The authors present a thorough analysis of the opinions of leading researchers in the field of social aspects of AI’s functioning. They also state that the regulation of the status of AI as a legal personality, not to mention its ability to commit legally meaningful actions, remains an open question today. At present, the process of creating a criminological basis for applying AI, connected with the development of new intelligent technologies, is underway, it requires actions and decisions aimed at preventing possible negative effects of its use and reacting to them on a state level. The authors’ analysis of the history of AI’s emergence and development has allowed them to outline its key features that pose criminological risks, to determine criminological risks of using AI and to present their own classification of such risks. In particular, they single out direct and indirect criminological risks of using AI. A detailed analysis has allowed the authors to identify an objective need for establishing special state agencies that will develop state policy in the sphere of normative legal regulation, control and supervision over the use of AI.

scholarly journals A Validation Model for Ethical Decisions in Artificial Intelligence Systems using Personal Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 343 ◽  
pp. 07016
Author(s):  
Radu Stefan ◽  
George Carutasu
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Ethical Aspect ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Intelligent Decision Support Systems ◽  
Fairness Principle

Decision making, a fundamental human process, has been more and more supported by computer systems in the second part of the last century. In the 21st century, intelligent decision support systems utilize Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to enhance and improve support for decision makers. Often decisions suggested by an AI system are based on personal data, such as credit scoring in financial institutions or purchase behavior in online shops and the like. Beyond the protection or personal data by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), developers and operators of decisional AI systems need to ensure ethical standards are met. In respect to individuals, arguably the most relevant ethical aspect is the fairness principle, to ensure individuals are treated fairly. In this paper we present an evaluation model for decision ethicality of AI systems in respect to the fairness principle. The presented model treats any AI system as a “black-box”. It separates sensitive from general attributes in the input matrix. The model measures the distance between predicted values on altering inputs for sensitive attributes. The variance of the outputs is interpreted as individual fairness, that is treating similar individuals similarly. In addition, the model also informs about the group fairness. The validation model helps to determine to what extent an AI System, decides fairly in general for individuals and groups, thus can be used as a test tool in development and operation of AI Systems using personal data.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of digitalization in social management

Communicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
S. A. Ryumshin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Management

The paper discusses the issues of digitalization of modern society. Within the framework of the system analysis of the subject of research, the author highlights the theoretical aspects of digitalization in social management, examines the historical background for digitalization; social management is represented through the categories of selfgovernment, organizational order, goal-setting, subject-subject interactions, management tools. In the system of social communications, digital technologies and artificial intelligence are presented by the author as a new socio-digital reality that transforms the environment of interaction. The author’s review of the main stages and markers of the development of digitalization made it possible to update the list of positive aspects in social management, as well as problems caused by the digitalization process.

scholarly journals Russian legal experience in using information technologies in diagnostics of reflux esophagitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Anna Voevodina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Reflux Esophagitis ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Telemedicine Technology ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Analysis System

This publication focuses on a theoretical investigation of the issues of Russian experience in the application of digital technologies in the provision of medical care in the diagnosis of oesophageal hernia complicated by reflux esophagitis. The relevance of the research lies not only in the increasing number of patients diagnosed with reflux esophagitis, but also in the current digital paradigm of the entire Russian healthcare system. Despite domestic legislative attempts to legally regulate the use of digital technologies in health care through the regulatory introduction of telemedicine technology, as is most common, certain issues in the use of this digital "platform" in health care remain unresolved. The methodological basis of this study is the methods of comparative analysis, system-structural analysis and synthesis. The author has assessed the possibility of using telemedicine technologies in the context of the doctor-patient relationship, implemented in a remote format, when diagnosing a patient, including from the position of significant territorial remoteness of the patient. There is a focus on the need for a more specific legal regulation in terms of legally establishing the definition for guaranteeing the security of personal data received by participants in the consultation, processed by them when applying telemedicine technologies.

ON THE POSSIBILITIES OF INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 220-227
Author(s):  
ELENA PAPYSHEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Formal Language ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Machine Readable

This article examines the possibilities of using machine-readable law technologies in criminal procedural legislation and criminal proceedings; the analysis of the Concept of development of technologies of machine-readable law is carried out in order to determine the possibility of applying its provisions in the context of criminal procedural law. According to the author, the development of the technology of machine-readable law sets the legislator the task of starting the process of adapting the norms of the criminal procedure law to their subsequent presentation in formal language. Legislative acts should be structured as much as possible, within the acts, norms are more clearly divided into certain categories and groups with the building of logical connections between them. The norms of legislative acts need to be formalized, their content should not have legal and linguistic uncertainties, normative conflicts and broad discretionary powers. The conclusion is made about the need for legal transformations, formalization of the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, based on the principle of legal certainty. If the adaptation of legislation to machine-readable norms is the future in the development of science and the system of legal regulation of the state, then the use of digital technologies in criminal proceedings is a matter of the present. It seems that modern digital technologies are sufficiently developed to start developing an automated information system at the state level that meets the formal requirements of the Criminal Procedure Code, within the framework of which a preliminary investigation will be carried out. Moreover, we are talking not only about the «electronic criminal case» in its generally accepted understanding. The author proposes the creation of a comprehensive universal program that provides for the automated application of the ontology of machine-readable law (descriptions in the formal language of many objects in the field of law and the connections between them) in the investigation of criminal cases using the method of teaching artificial intelligence based on a large array of data (including data, constituting the empirical base of research, which was studied in the development of private methods for investigating certain types of crimes).

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF THE FORMATION OF THE CONCEPTUAL APPARATUS IN THE FIELD OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor B. Naumov ◽  
Gulfia G. Kamalova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Strong Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Self Learning

The study of the problems of the formation of the conceptual ap para tus in the field of legal support of artificial intelligence to develop effective le gal solutions in order to regulate new digital technologies. The work is based on a set of general scientific and special legal methods, including analysis, description, ge ne ra li zation, com parative law. The formation of legal definitions of artificial intelligence and related concepts (ro bot, cyber-physical system, etc.) requires the identification of the main legal fe atures of artificial intelligence. The following key characteristics of artificial in tel li gence are identified: optional hardware implementation; the ability of the system to analyze the environment; autonomy in operation; the ability to accumulate experience, its assessment and implementation of the task of self-learning; the pre sence of "intelligence", described through the categories of "rationality", "rationality" or simply the ability to "think like a person" or "act like a person" in all or in narrowly defined circumstances. Future legal regimes of artificial intelligence should take into account the possibility of weak artificial intelligence as a kind of complex thing and strong artificial intelligence that will "require" new legal solutions. The formation of legal definitions in the field of artificial intelligence must meet the requirements of universality, system city and ethics, and also allow, based on the selected properties, to establish systemic hierarchical relationships between concepts used in the field of artificial intelligence. The study develops the theoretical and practice-oriented provisions of in for mation law in matters of legal support for artificial intelligence, and also creates the basis for the formation of legislation in this area. The work can be used in further research activities on the legal regulation of the development, functioning and use of artificial intelligence systems.

scholarly journals Russian experience of using digital technologies and legal risks of AI

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Elena Trikoz ◽  
Elena Gulyaeva ◽  
Konstantin Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Risks ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific

The aim of the present article is to analyze the Russian experience of using digital technologies in law and legal risks of artificial intelligence (AI). The result of the present research is the author’s conclusion on the necessity of the practical implementation of legal provisions in this area, and their judicial enforcement in federal subjects with the aim of compliance with international standards of human rights. The authors concluded that in the Russian Federation, there is no normative and technical regulation of the process of destruction of personal data, which creates serious problems for operators. The research methodology based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition (the dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal and historical legal methods). Moreover, the range of legislative and law enforcement problems in the field of using AI technology is very extensive. For this reason, the authors of the article used the methodology for collecting data on legislative acts and legal regulation in the field under research. A number of federal and regional legal acts were analyzed using systemic-structural and formal-dogmatic methods, including the research of their practical orientation and effectiveness for modern challenges.

Progressophobia in the New Temporality of the Digital World

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Irina G. Shestakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Chronic Anxiety

The paper considers the alarmism inherent in humanity regarding changes caused by the entry into life of achievements of scientific and technological progress. It is noted that all opponents of progress use the fruits of his previous achievements, but at the same time express fears about newly emerging innova­tions, since they cause discomfort, bringing to the world something unusual, in relation to which tradition has not yet constituted. It is quite expected that similar phobias are also caused by the development of digital technologies – fears about the digital degradation of youth, fear of artificial intelligence, etc. In the digital world, however, there is another reason for the rejection of progress. This is the pace of the emergence and invasion of a novelty into the space of human exis­tence. Whereas in previous eras, adaptation to innovations passed through sev­eral generations, today radical transformations of the technological and, as a re­sult, socioeconomic infrastructure occur many times in the course of one human life. A qualitative leap in the speed of socio-technological development and the problems generated by the new temporality of the digital world in the conditions of a sharp narrowing of the horizon of foresight form chronic anxiety, which is based on doubts about the future, the correctness of the chosen life path and even the consistency of ideas about the meaning of life and human destination, gained in the process of modern upbringing and education.

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