scholarly journals Arboreal spiders in coffee agroecosystems: Untangling the web of local and landscape influences driving diversity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Hajian-Forooshani ◽  
David Gonthier ◽  
Linda Marín ◽  
Aaron L Iverson ◽  
Ivette Perfecto
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

Agricultural intensification is implicated as a major driver of global biodiversity loss. Local management and landscape scale factors both influence biodiversity in agricultural systems, but there are relatively few studies to date looking at how local and landscape scales influence biodiversity in tropical agroecosystems. Understanding what drives the diversity of groups of organisms such as spiders is important from a pragmatic point of view because of the important biocontrol services they offer to agriculture. Spiders in coffee are somewhat enigmatic because of their positive or lack of response to agricultural intensification. In this study, we provide the first analysis, to our knowledge, of the arboreal spiders in the shade trees of coffee plantations. In the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico we sampled across 38 sites on 9 coffee plantations. Tree and canopy connectedness were found to positively influence overall arboreal spider richness and abundance. We found that different functional groups of spiders are responding to different local and landscape factors, but overall elevation was most important variable influencing arboreal spider diversity. Our study has practical management applications that suggest having shade grown coffee offers more suitable habitat for arboreal spiders due to a variety of the characteristics of the shade trees. Our results which show consistently more diverse arboreal spider communities in lower elevations are important in light of looming global climate change. As the range of suitable elevations for coffee cultivation shrinks promoting arboreal spider diversity will be important in sustaining the viability of coffee.

scholarly journals Arboreal spiders in coffee agroecosystems: Untangling the web of local and landscape influences driving diversity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Hajian-Forooshani ◽  
David Gonthier ◽  
Linda Marín ◽  
Aaron L Iverson ◽  
Ivette Perfecto
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

Agricultural intensification is implicated as a major driver of global biodiversity loss. Local management and landscape scale factors both influence biodiversity in agricultural systems, but there are relatively few studies to date looking at how local and landscape scales influence biodiversity in tropical agroecosystems. Understanding what drives the diversity of groups of organisms such as spiders is important from a pragmatic point of view because of the important biocontrol services they offer to agriculture. Spiders in coffee are somewhat enigmatic because of their positive or lack of response to agricultural intensification. In this study, we provide the first analysis, to our knowledge, of the arboreal spiders in the shade trees of coffee plantations. In the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico we sampled across 38 sites on 9 coffee plantations. Tree and canopy connectedness were found to positively influence overall arboreal spider richness and abundance. We found that different functional groups of spiders are responding to different local and landscape factors, but overall elevation was most important variable influencing arboreal spider diversity. Our study has practical management applications that suggest having shade grown coffee offers more suitable habitat for arboreal spiders due to a variety of the characteristics of the shade trees. Our results which show consistently more diverse arboreal spider communities in lower elevations are important in light of looming global climate change. As the range of suitable elevations for coffee cultivation shrinks promoting arboreal spider diversity will be important in sustaining the viability of coffee.

The Biology of Lakes and Ponds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christer Brönmark ◽  
Lars-Anders Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Abiotic Constraints ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

The Biology of Lakes and Ponds focuses on the interactions between the abiotic frame, such as turbulence, temperature, pH and nutrients, and the organisms, including interactions with and among organisms at the individual, population and community level. The book fills this niche between traditional limnology and evolutionary ecology by focusing on physiological, morphological and behavioural adaptations among organisms to abiotic and biotic factors and how interactions between biotic processes and abiotic constraints determine the structure and dynamics of lake and pond systems. In addition, the book describes and analyses the causes and consequences of human activities on freshwater organisms and ecosystems and covers longstanding environmental threats, such as eutrophication and acidification, as well as novel threats, such as biodiversity loss, use of everyday chemicals and global climate change. However, also signs of improvement and the possibilities to restore degraded ecosystems are discussed and provide hope for future generations.

scholarly journals Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Germination Mechanisms in a Changing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Ewelina A. Klupczyńska ◽  
Tomasz A. Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Seed Dormancy And Germination

Environmental conditions are the basis of plant reproduction and are the critical factors controlling seed dormancy and germination. Global climate change is currently affecting environmental conditions and changing the reproduction of plants from seeds. Disturbances in germination will cause disturbances in the diversity of plant communities. Models developed for climate change scenarios show that some species will face a significant decrease in suitable habitat area. Dormancy is an adaptive mechanism that affects the probability of survival of a species. The ability of seeds of many plant species to survive until dormancy recedes and meet the requirements for germination is an adaptive strategy that can act as a buffer against the negative effects of environmental heterogeneity. The influence of temperature and humidity on seed dormancy status underlines the need to understand how changing environmental conditions will affect seed germination patterns. Knowledge of these processes is important for understanding plant evolution and adaptation to changes in the habitat. The network of genes controlling seed dormancy under the influence of environmental conditions is not fully characterized. Integrating research techniques from different disciplines of biology could aid understanding of the mechanisms of the processes controlling seed germination. Transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, and other fields provide researchers with new opportunities to understand the many processes of plant life. This paper focuses on presenting the adaptation mechanism of seed dormancy and germination to the various environments, with emphasis on their prospective roles in adaptation to the changing climate.

scholarly journals Situating Indigenous Resilience: Climate Change and Tayal’s “Millet Ark” Action in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10676
Author(s):  
Yih-Ren Lin ◽  
Pagung Tomi ◽  
Hsinya Huang ◽  
Chia-Hua Lin ◽  
Ysanne Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Global Environmental

Whereas indigenous people are on the frontlines of global environmental challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and numerous other forms of critical planetary deterioration, the indigenous experiences, responses, and cultural practices have been underestimated in the mainstream frameworks of environmental studies. This paper aims to articulate a meaningful response to recent calls to indigenous and local knowledge on food as a source of resilience in the face of global climate change. By retrieving the values and practices indigenous people of Taiwan, specifically Tayal women, associate with human and non-human ecologies, our collaborative work with the indigenous community explores indigenous resilience and its relevance to indigenous cultural knowledge and global environmental concerns. Pivoting on the “Millet Ark” action, a Tayal conservation initiative of the bio-cultural diversity of millets, this study revolves around issues of how Tayal communities adapt to the climate change, how to reclaim their voice, heritage, knowledge, place, and land through food, and how to narrate indigenous “counter-stories” of resilience and sustainability. The cultural narrative of “Millet Ark” investigates indigenous way of preserving millet bio-cultural diversity and restoring the land and community heritage, inquiring into how Tayal people are adaptive and resilient to change and therefore sustainable through the cultural and social life of millets.

FOOD SECURITY IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Maria Polozhikhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Climate conditions remain one of the main risk factors for domestic agriculture, and the consequences of global climate change are ambiguous in terms of prospects for agricultural production in Russia. This paper analyzes the impact of climate change on the country’s food security from the point of view of its self-sufficiency in grain primarily. Specific conditions prevailing on the Crimean peninsula are also considered.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION METHODS FOR DEFORESTATION DETECTION IN THE AMAZON

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 1497-1505
Author(s):  
R. B. Andrade ◽  
G. A. O. P. Costa ◽  
G. L. A. Mota ◽  
M. X. Ortega ◽  
R. Q. Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
Detection Approach ◽  
Segmentation Methods

Abstract. Deforestation is a wide-reaching problem, responsible for serious environmental issues, such as biodiversity loss and global climate change. Containing approximately ten percent of all biomass on the planet and home to one tenth of the known species, the Amazon biome has faced important deforestation pressure in the last decades. Devising efficient deforestation detection methods is, therefore, key to combat illegal deforestation and to aid in the conception of public policies directed to promote sustainable development in the Amazon. In this work, we implement and evaluate a deforestation detection approach which is based on a Fully Convolutional, Deep Learning (DL) model: the DeepLabv3+. We compare the results obtained with the devised approach to those obtained with previously proposed DL-based methods (Early Fusion and Siamese Convolutional Network) using Landsat OLI-8 images acquired at different dates, covering a region of the Amazon forest. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the methods to the amount of training data, we also evaluate them using varying training sample set sizes. The results show that all tested variants of the proposed method significantly outperform the other DL-based methods in terms of overall accuracy and F1-score. The gains in performance were even more substantial when limited amounts of samples were used in training the evaluated methods.

scholarly journals Global distribution of soapberries (Sapindus L.) habitats under current and future climate scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Lianchun Wang ◽  
Caowen Sun ◽  
Benye Xi ◽  
Doudou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

AbstractSapindus (Sapindus L.) is a widely distributed economically important tree genus that provides biodiesel, biomedical and biochemical products. However, with climate change, deforestation, and economic development, the diversity of Sapindus germplasms may face the risk of destruction. Therefore, utilising historical environmental data and future climate projections from the BCC-CSM2-MR global climate database, we simulated the current and future global distributions of suitable habitats for Sapindus using a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. The estimated ecological thresholds for critical environmental factors were: a minimum temperature of 0–20 °C in the coldest month, soil moisture levels of 40–140 mm, a mean temperature of 2–25 °C in the driest quarter, a mean temperature of 19–28 °C in the wettest quarter, and a soil pH of 5.6–7.6. The total suitable habitat area was 6059.97 × 104 km2, which was unevenly distributed across six continents. As greenhouse gas emissions increased over time, the area of suitable habitats contracted in lower latitudes and expanded in higher latitudes. Consequently, surveys and conservation should be prioritised in southern hemisphere areas which are in danger of becoming unsuitable. In contrast, other areas in northern and central America, China, and India can be used for conservation and large-scale cultivation in the future.

scholarly journals Acciones en el cuidado del medio ambiente en la escuela de bachilleres “salvador allende” plantel San Juan Del Río, U.A.Q

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 3288-3301
Author(s):  
Cypatly Rojas Miranda ◽  
Yolanda Cortés Alvarez ◽  
Rafael Estrella Velázquez
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Baccalaureate Curriculum ◽  
Del Rio

Se ha escrito mucho en relación al tema ambiental y hemos escuchado innumerables discursos políticos en los que se dice demasiado y poco se lleva a la práctica. En nuestro país, la legislación ambiental se transgrede, la gente permanece indiferente ante la destrucción de su entorno, contribuyendo  a empeorar la situación; por ello, urge un cambio de actitud a través de la educación, brindando la oportunidad de informar y desarrollar acciones ambientales concretas en donde la participación sea de manera inmediata, activa y asertiva. El Plan de Estudios del Bachillerato de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro incluye la asignatura de Formación Ambiental impartida en el sexto semestre, cuyo  contenido programático permite desarrollar habilidades, actitudes y valores que contribuyen al desarrollo sustentable de manera crítica, con acciones responsables en la identificación y análisis de los problemas reales del entorno, con el enfoque de formar  profesionistas capacitados en la solución de problemas ambientales. Actualmente se confronta la amenaza ambiental más crítica de la historia: deterioro del suelo, del agua y de los recursos marinos, esenciales para la producción alimentaria, contaminación atmosférica, pérdida de biodiversidad, daño a la capa de ozono y al cambio climático global. La  sustentabilidad ambiental se refiere a la administración racional de los recursos naturales, de manera que sea posible mejorar el bienestar de la población actual sin comprometer la calidad de vida  de las generaciones futuras[1]; permitiendo que desde el interior del plantel educativo se generen acciones  a través del  trabajo colaborativo  para lograr un ambiente integral, limpio, sano y armónico.   En los últimos tres años el abordaje de los contenidos de la asignatura de Formación Ambiental se realiza conformando brigadas de trabajo que permiten ejecutar acciones inmediatas, en colaboración del personal administrativo, alumnos, maestros y padres de familia, en el cuidado de las áreas verdes, recolección de PET, ahorro de energía eléctrica y agua, contaminación visual y auditiva, reciclaje de papel, elaboración de composta, cultivo hidropónico, divulgación ecológica y supresión del tabaquismo; con el objetivo de formar individuos competentes en la toma  de decisiones  a problemas urgentes como es el Desarrollo Sustentable.   [1] Méndez, J., (2008) Problemas Económicos de México,Mc. Graw Hill, Ed. 6ª. México.  p. 48    Much has been written in relation to environmental issues and has heard countless political speeches in which he says too little is put into practice. In our country, environmental regulations are violated and people are indifferent to the destruction of their environment and contribute to worsening the situation. Faced with this problem it is necessary to achieve a change in attitudes through education, to give our students the opportunity to develop specific environmental actions in which they participate in immediate, active and assertive, with this, in the Baccalaureate curriculum at the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro includes Environmental Training course that is taught in the sixth semester, containing program that allows the development of skills, attitudes and values ​​that contribute to sustainable development in a critical way, with responsible actions enabling the identification and analysis of the real problems of environment, so as to obtain the foundation for a future that integrates the student as a professional in solving many environmental problems. Currently facing the most critical environmental threat in history, ground deterioration , water and marine resources essential to food production rising, air pollution, biodiversity loss, but not less important damage to the ozone layer and global climate change. Talk of environmental sustainability refers to the efficient and rational management of natural resources, so it is possible to improve the welfare of the people today without compromising the quality of life of future generations, allowing it from inside the campus generate strategies through the collaborative work environment that may lead to a comprehensive, clean, healthy and harmonious. In our institution we have done in the past three years' experience in dealing with the contents of the Environmental Training course, forming work teams that can implement immediate actions with the participation of administrative staff, students, teachers and parents, in the care of green areas, collection of PET, saving electricity and water pollution, visual and auditory, paper recycling, composting, hydroponics, organic outreach, collection of batteries and elimination of smoking, with the aim of contribute to the formation of competent individuals in making decisions to urgent problems such as Sustainable Development.

scholarly journals Premises of Sustainable Development Concept Occurence

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Elisabeta-Emilia Halmaghi ◽  
Mihai-Marcel Neag
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Toxic Product ◽  
Difficult Issue

Abstract It has long been considered that the environment can withstand all the pressure exerted by human activities on it: extensive agriculture, pesticide use, strong industrialization, noxious gas emissions into the atmosphere, toxic product discharge into lakes, rivers, seas and oceans, massive deforestation to obtain new areas for housing or agriculture. The result was environmental and soil degradation, increased water and/or air pollution, climate change, biodiversity loss, the disappearance of plant and/or animal species, the depletion of some natural resources. These environmental changes have begun to be studied by specialists in the field, who have raised a flag to irreversible environmental changes. The concept of “sustainable development” arose at a time when environmental issues were at the heart of political debate: sustainable development is seen as a complex and difficult issue to solve because there is a diversity of interests of different states. International agreements and cooperation from the point of view of globalization and economic harmonization have also had as their object the issues of sustainable development, by launching the attempt to reconcile the economy with the environment.

Uphill Battle: Forest Rights and Restoration on Podu Landscapes in Keonjhar, Odisha

2022 ◽  
pp. 097317412110573
Author(s):  
Laura M. Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Forest Landscape Restoration ◽  
Forest Tenure

In response to the global climate emergency and biodiversity loss, environmental advocates promote ecological restoration of millions of hectares of the world’s degraded forest lands. Lands of high value to restoration are home to nearly 300 million people, including 12% of low- and middle-income country populations. In this article, I respond to calls for greater empirical investigation into the social impacts of forest landscape restoration. Through spatial and ethnographic analysis of forest restoration in Keonjhar, Odisha (India), I show that state-led afforestation efforts contradict a decade of forest tenure reform which sought to decentralize and decolonize forest governance. I explore how state-led efforts ignore (and inhibit) the continued protagonism of forest-dwelling communities in forest regeneration on their customary lands. Weaving accounts from 1992 onwards across six villages and 22 plantations, I characterize state strategies as an ‘uphill battle’: by systematically selecting shifting cultivation (podu) uplands for enclosure and tree plantation, forest agencies contribute to a lose-lose situation where neither forest restoration nor forest rights are realized. Investigating this process from colonial forest policy to the present, I leverage a critical political ecology perspective that supports calls for rights-based restoration.

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