scholarly journals A systematic literature review of how mutation testing supports test activities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
Annibale Panichella ◽  
Andy Zaidman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Mutation Testing ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Mutation Operators ◽  
Future Work ◽  
High Computational Cost

Mutation testing has been very actively investigated by researchers since the 1970s and remarkable advances have been achieved in its concepts, theory, technology and empirical evidence. While the latest realisations have been summarised by existing literature review, we lack insight into how mutation testing is actually applied. Our goal is to identify and classify the main applications of mutation testing and analyse the level of replicability of empirical studies related to mutation testing. To this aim, this paper provides a systematic literature review on the application perspective of mutation testing based on a collection of 159 papers published between 1981 and 2015. In particular, we analysed in which testing activities mutation testing is used, which mutation tools and which mutation operators are employed. Additionally, we also investigated how the core inherent problems of mutation testing, i.e. the equivalent mutant problem and the high computational cost, are addressed during the actual usage. The results show that most studies use mutation testing as an assessment tool targeting unit tests, and many of the supporting techniques for making mutation testing applicable in practice are still underdeveloped. Based on our observations, we made nine recommendations for the future work, including an important suggestion on how to report mutation testing in testing experiments in an appropriate manner.

scholarly journals A systematic literature review of how mutation testing supports test activities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
Annibale Panichella ◽  
Andy Zaidman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Mutation Testing ◽  
Actual Usage ◽  
Mutation Operators ◽  
Future Work ◽  
High Computational Cost

Mutation testing has been very actively investigated by researchers since the 1970s and remarkable advances have been achieved in its concepts, theory, technology and empirical evidence. While the latest realisations have been summarised by existing literature review, we lack insight into how mutation testing is actually applied. Our goal is to identify and classify the main applications of mutation testing and analyse the level of replicability of empirical studies related to mutation testing. To this aim, this paper provides a systematic literature review on the application perspective of mutation testing based on a collection of 159 papers published between 1981 and 2015. In particular, we analysed in which testing activities mutation testing is used, which mutation tools and which mutation operators are employed. Additionally, we also investigated how the core inherent problems of mutation testing, i.e. the equivalent mutant problem and the high computational cost, are addressed during the actual usage. The results show that most studies use mutation testing as an assessment tool targeting unit tests, and many of the supporting techniques for making mutation testing applicable in practice are still underdeveloped. Based on our observations, we made nine recommendations for the future work, including an important suggestion on how to report mutation testing in testing experiments in an appropriate manner.

scholarly journals Personality trait differences across types of entrepreneurs: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentine U. Salmony ◽  
Dominik K. Kanbach
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Integration

AbstractThe personality traits that define entrepreneurs have been of significant interest to academic research for several decades. However, previous studies have used vastly different definitions of the term “entrepreneur”, meaning their subjects have ranged from rural farmers to tech-industry start-up founders. Consequently, most research has investigated disparate sub-types of entrepreneurs, which may not allow for inferences to be made regarding the general entrepreneurial population. Despite this, studies have frequently extrapolated results from narrow sub-types to entrepreneurs in general. This variation in entrepreneur samples reduces the comparability of empirical studies and calls into question the reviews that pool results without systematic differentiation between sub-types. The present study offers a novel account by differentiating between the definitions of “entrepreneur” used in studies on entrepreneurs’ personality traits. We conduct a systematic literature review across 95 studies from 1985 to 2020. We uncover three main themes across the previous studies. First, previous research applied a wide range of definitions of the term “entrepreneur”. Second, we identify several inconsistent findings across studies, which may at least partially be due to the use of heterogeneous entrepreneur samples. Third, the few studies that distinguished between various types of entrepreneurs revealed differences between them. Our systematic differentiation between entrepreneur sub-types and our research integration offer a novel perspective that has, to date, been widely neglected in academic research. Future research should use clearly defined entrepreneurial samples and conduct more systematic investigations into the differences between entrepreneur sub-types.

scholarly journals Force Production during the Sustained Phase of Rugby Scrums: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Martin ◽  
George Beckham
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Rugby Players

Abstract Background: Since World Rugby changed the laws regarding scrums in the 2013-2014 season, the sustained push phase of the scrum has increased in tactical importance. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic literature review was to examine the biomechanical demands during the sustained push phase of individual, unit, and full pack scrummaging. Methods: Pubmed, EBSCO (specifically and simultaneously searching Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus), and Google Scholar were searched for any research that presented force production in a live or simulated rugby scrum. Study quality was appraised using the National Institute of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Recorded scrum forces, positioning of players including joint angles, and testing procedures were extracted and narratively synthesized. Results: Twenty six studies were included in the review. 50% of included studies were rated good, 31% fair, and 19% poor. Major limitations included not reporting any effect size, statistical power, or reliability. Reported group mean values for average sustained forces against a machine generally ranged from 1000-2000 N in individual scrums and 4000-8000 N for full packs of male rugby players older than high school age. Individuals seem to optimize their force generation when their shoulders are set against scrum machine pads at approximately 40% of body height, with feet parallel, and with knee and hip angles around 120°. A 10% difference in pack force seems to be necessary for one pack to drive another back in the scrum, but little data exist to quantify differences in force production between winning and losing packs during live scrums. Data collection within studies was not standardized, making comparisons difficult. There is a lack of data in live scrums, and the current research indicates that machine scrums may not replicate many of the demands of live scrums. There is a lack of data for female rugby players. Conclusions: This review indicates an optimal individual body position for players to strive to achieve during scrummaging, consisting of a low body height (40% of stature) and large extended hip and knee angles (120° each).

scholarly journals The Cauldron Has Cooled Down: A Systematic Literature Review on COVID-19, Ghost Games, and Home Advantage in Football from a Behavioral Science Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Christian Leitner ◽  
Frank Daumann ◽  
Florian Follert ◽  
Fabio Richlan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Home Advantage ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Behavioral Perspective

The phenomenon of home advantage (or home bias) is well-analyzed in the scientific literature and is traditionally an interdisciplinary topic. Current theorizing views the fans as a crucial factor influencing the outcome of a football (a.k.a. soccer) game, as the crowd influences the behavior of the players and officials involved in the game through social pressure. So far, the phenomenon has been difficult to study because, although there have always been single matches where the spectators were excluded, this never happened globally to all teams within a league or even across leagues. From an empirical perspective, the situation with COVID-19 governmental measures, especially the ban of fans from stadiums all over the world, can be interpreted as a “natural experiment” and analyzed accordingly. Thus, several studies examined the influence of supporters by comparing matches before the COVID-19 restrictions with so-called ghost games during the pandemic. To synthesize the existing knowledge after over a year of ghost games and to offer the scientific community and other stakeholders an overview regarding the numerous studies, we provide a systematic literature review that summarizes the main findings of empirical studies and discusses the results accordingly. Our findings - based on 16 studies - indicate that ghost games have a considerable impact on the phenomenon of home advantage. No study found an increased home advantage in ghost games. Rather, our results show that 13 (from 16 included) analyzed studies conclude – based on their individually analyzed data – a more or less significant decrease of home advantage in ghost games. We conclude that our findings are highly relevant from a both socio-economic and behavioral perspective and highlight the indirect and direct influence of spectators and fans on football. Our results have – besides for the scientific community – a high importance for sports and team managers, media executives, fan representatives and other responsible.

Using Structural Similarity to Classify Tests in Mutation Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Strug ◽  
Barbara Strug
Keyword(s):  
Edit Distance ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Mutation Testing ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Computational Cost

Mutation testing is an effective technique for assessing quality of tests provided for a system. However it suffers from high computational cost of executing mutants of the system. In this paper a method of classifying such mutants is proposed. This classification is based on using an edit distance kernel and k-NN classifier. Using the results of this classification it is possible to predict whether a mutant would be detected by tests or not. Thus the application of the approach can help to lower the number of mutants that have to be executed and so also to lower the cost of using the mutation testing.

scholarly journals Measuring quality of life of people with predementia and dementia and their caregivers: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. e019082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Landeiro ◽  
Katie Walsh ◽  
Isaac Ghinai ◽  
Seher Mughal ◽  
Elsbeth Nye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
People With Dementia

IntroductionDementia is the fastest growing major cause of disability globally and may have a profound impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of both the patient with dementia and those who care for them. This review aims to systematically identify and synthesise the measurements of HRQoL for people with, and their caregivers across the full spectrum of, dementia from its preceding stage of predementia to end of life.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review was conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online , ExcerptaMedicadataBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect, National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and PsycINFO between January 1990 and the end of April 2017. Two reviewers will independently assess each study for inclusion and disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a predefined data extraction form following best practice. Study quality will be assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. HRQoL measurements will be presented separately for people with dementia and caregivers by instrument used and, when possible, HRQoL will be reported by disease type and stage of the disease. Descriptive statistics of the results will be provided. A narrative synthesis of studies will also be provided discussing differences in HRQoL measurements by instrument used to estimate it, type of dementia and disease severity.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic literature review is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents. The findings of the review will be disseminated in a related peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. They will also contribute to the work developed in the Real World Outcomes across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum for better care: multimodal data access platform (ROADMAP).Trial registration numberCRD42017071416.

How is process mining technology used by organizations? A systematic literature review of empirical studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Thiede ◽  
Daniel Fuerstenau ◽  
Ana Paula Bezerra Barquet
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Organizational Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross System

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review empirical studies on process mining in order to understand its use by organizations. The paper further aims to outline future research opportunities. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a classification model that combines core conceptual elements of process mining with prior models from technology classification from the enterprise resource planning and business intelligence field. The model incorporates an organizational usage, a system-orientation and service nature, adding a focus on physical services. The application is based on a systematic literature review of 144 research papers. Findings The results show that, thus far, the literature has been chiefly concerned with realization of single business process management systems in single organizations. The authors conclude that cross-system or cross-organizational process mining is underrepresented in the ISR, as is the analysis of physical services. Practical implications Process mining researchers have paid little attention to utilizing complex use cases and mining mixed physical-digital services. Practitioners should work closely with academics to overcome these knowledge gaps. Only then will process mining be on the cusp of becoming a technology that allows new insights into customer processes by supplying business operations with valuable and detailed information. Originality/value Despite the scientific interest in process mining, particularly scant attention has been given by researchers to investigating its use in relatively complex scenarios, e.g., cross-system and cross-organizational process mining. Furthermore, coverage on the use of process mining from a service perspective is limited, which fails to reflect the marketing and business context of most contemporary organizations, wherein the importance of such scenarios is widely acknowledged. The small number of studies encountered may be due to a lack of knowledge about the potential of such scenarios as well as successful examples, a situation the authors seek to remedy with this study.

Entrepreneurship in rural hospitality and tourism. A systematic literature review of past achievements and future promises

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Thirumalesh Madanaguli ◽  
Puneet Kaur ◽  
Stefano Bresciani ◽  
Amandeep Dhir
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism

Purpose Entrepreneurship in the rural hospitality and tourism sector (RHT) has received wide attention in the past decade. However, a systematic review on this topic is currently lacking. This study aims to track the progress of the RHT and entrepreneurship literature by examining the various thematic research areas, identifying the research gaps and forecasting avenues of future research on the topic. Design/methodology/approach This paper catalogs and synthesizes the body of literature from the year 2000–2020 using a systematic literature review methodology. After discussing a brief history of RHT and entrepreneurship, the current study presents a review of 101 research articles. Findings The review highlights that RHT and entrepreneurship have received relatively limited attention from entrepreneurship journals. The content analysis revealed different gaps and limitations in the understanding of entrepreneurship in RHT, including a predominance of qualitative studies with limited theoretically-grounded and generalizable empirical studies. Furthermore, a high concentration of studies is from European countries. Six main thematic research areas were identified, namely, barriers and enablers, the roles of an entrepreneur, women in RHT, influencers of firm performance, innovation and value creation and methodological commonalities. The review also advances an RHT entrepreneurship ecosystem framework to summarize the findings. Originality/value Six promising research avenues are outlined based on the six themes identified. The suggested research questions draw from allied literature on small and medium businesses, innovation, women entrepreneurship and institutions to encourage the interdisciplinary cross-pollination of ideas. The findings are summarized in a novel research framework.

Knowledge Management Processes in Enterprise Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 160-181
Author(s):  
Razatulshima Ghazali ◽  
Nor Hidayati Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Enterprise Systems ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Conference Papers

Activities related to Enterprise Systems (ES) are knowledge-intensive tasks, and the management of ES-related knowledge has received much attention in the Knowledge Management (KM) field. A systematic literature review of empirical studies of KM processes in the ES lifecycle identifies the KM processes most widely explored and the ES-related knowledge most often addressed. From 350 relevant book chapters, journal articles, and conference papers, 49 papers discuss KM processes in the ES lifecycle. The KM process that appears most often in studies of KM in the ES context is knowledge transfer/sharing. The type of ES-related knowledge most often studied in the literature is knowledge of the client organization.

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