scholarly journals Microbiome of two predominant seagrass species of the Kenyan coast, Enhalus acoroides and Thalassodendron ciliatum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davies Kiambi Kaimenyi ◽  
Etienne P De Villiers ◽  
Joyce Ngoi ◽  
James B Ndiso ◽  
Santie M De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Kenyan Coast

Background. Metagenomics studies have reported on the complexity of microbiomes associated with seagrass and can provide critical insights into the sustainable use and conservation of seagrasses. Recent conservation activities in Kenya focused mainly on coral reefs and mangrove forests with little direct action taken to conserve seagrass meadows. Pollution, over-exploitation of marine resources and minimal efforts towards enforcement of conservation laws of marine environments, have caused degradation and defoliation of seagrass habitats. Little is known about the microbes associated with seagrass species in Kenya and this study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of the microbiomes of two prominent seagrass species, Enhalus acoroides and Thallasodendron ciliatum, which are the most commonly occurring species. Methods. Replicate microbiome samples were collected from leaves, roots, sediment and water columns associated with the two seagrass species from two sites on the Kenyan coast. The microbial communities of the samples were characterized and compared using 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR and sequencing. Microbiome features including diversity and taxonomic composition were used to compare within and between sample types and sites. Results. Leaf samples from both E. acoroides and T. ciliatum had significantly different microbial communities comparted to root and sediment samples, revealing a diversity gradient with lowest diversity in water samples and highest in sediment. There were no significant variation in seagrass microbial composition associated with leaf and rhizosphere microbiomes of either E. acoroides or T. ciliatum. However, we did see a difference between water samples associated with each seagrass species. Discussion. This study of the microbiomes associated with the sediments, roots, leaves and surrounding water of E. acoroides and T. ciliatum, included a limited number of samples from a small geographic area, providing a valuable first assessment of the microbial diversity of seagrass beds on the Kenyan coast. We found no significant differences between the plant-associated bacterial communities of the two-seagrass species investigated. Significant differences however, were observed amongst leaf-, root-, sediment- and water-associated bacterial communities. This work will contribute to understanding the dynamic environment of seagrass beds and will contribute to helping conserving and re-establishing seagrass beds degraded by due to anthropogenic activities.

scholarly journals Microbiome of two predominant seagrass species of the Kenyan coast, Enhalus acoroides and Thalassodendron ciliatum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davies Kiambi Kaimenyi ◽  
Etienne P De Villiers ◽  
Joyce Ngoi ◽  
James B Ndiso ◽  
Santie M De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Kenyan Coast

Background. Metagenomics studies have reported on the complexity of microbiomes associated with seagrass and can provide critical insights into the sustainable use and conservation of seagrasses. Recent conservation activities in Kenya focused mainly on coral reefs and mangrove forests with little direct action taken to conserve seagrass meadows. Pollution, over-exploitation of marine resources and minimal efforts towards enforcement of conservation laws of marine environments, have caused degradation and defoliation of seagrass habitats. Little is known about the microbes associated with seagrass species in Kenya and this study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of the microbiomes of two prominent seagrass species, Enhalus acoroides and Thallasodendron ciliatum, which are the most commonly occurring species. Methods. Replicate microbiome samples were collected from leaves, roots, sediment and water columns associated with the two seagrass species from two sites on the Kenyan coast. The microbial communities of the samples were characterized and compared using 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR and sequencing. Microbiome features including diversity and taxonomic composition were used to compare within and between sample types and sites. Results. Leaf samples from both E. acoroides and T. ciliatum had significantly different microbial communities comparted to root and sediment samples, revealing a diversity gradient with lowest diversity in water samples and highest in sediment. There were no significant variation in seagrass microbial composition associated with leaf and rhizosphere microbiomes of either E. acoroides or T. ciliatum. However, we did see a difference between water samples associated with each seagrass species. Discussion. This study of the microbiomes associated with the sediments, roots, leaves and surrounding water of E. acoroides and T. ciliatum, included a limited number of samples from a small geographic area, providing a valuable first assessment of the microbial diversity of seagrass beds on the Kenyan coast. We found no significant differences between the plant-associated bacterial communities of the two-seagrass species investigated. Significant differences however, were observed amongst leaf-, root-, sediment- and water-associated bacterial communities. This work will contribute to understanding the dynamic environment of seagrass beds and will contribute to helping conserving and re-establishing seagrass beds degraded by due to anthropogenic activities.

scholarly journals KAJIAN KOMUNITAS EKOSISTEM LAMUN DI SEMENANJUNG TARABITAN KECAMATAN LIKUPANG BARAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Risandi D Sitaba ◽  
Carolus P Paruntu ◽  
Billy Theodorus Wagey
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
Halodule Uninervis ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Syringodium Isoetifolium

This research was conducted in the waters of Tarabitan Peninsula, West Likupang North Minahasa using quadants transect method. The purpose of this study was to determine the community structure of seagrass found in that waters as initial information for sustainable management seagrass ecosystem . Field observation was conducted to identify the seagrass species, number of individuals/shoots, percent cover for each type of seagrass in those plotting quadrants. The result of this study documented 6 types of seagrass namely, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila ovalis and Halodule uninervis. The species composition and distribution of seagrass were varied and was dominated by Thalassia hemprichii was the most dominant seagrass species with a relative density of 55.55%, a relative frequency of 33.67%, 39.92% relative cover, an important value index of 129.03%, a diversity index of 1.30 belonging to this condition, moderate, the uniformity index of 0.72 is classified as high and the dominance index of 0.2 is classified as low. Based on Minister of Environment Decree Republic Indonesia No. 200 of 2004 concerning the status of seagrass beds, the condition of the seagrass beds in the waters of Tarabitan Village is classified as rich / healthy with a cover value of ≥ 60. Keywords : Seagrass Community, Species Composition,  distribution, Tarabitan Peninsula           Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Semenanjung Tarabitan Likupang Barat Minahasa Utara dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas lamun yang terdapat di perairan tersebut sebagai informasi awal untuk pengelolaan lamun secara berkelanjutan. Pengamatan lapangan dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis lamun, jumlah individu/tegakan, persentase tutupan tiap jenis lamun pada tiap kuadran. Hasil penelitian ini mendokumentasikan 6 jenis lamun yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halophila ovalis dan Halodule uninervis. Komposisi jenis dan sebaran lamun bervariasi dan didominasi oleh jenis lamun Thalassia hemprichii merupakan jenis lamun yang paling dominan dengan kerapatan relatif 55,55%, frekuensi relatif 33,67%, tutupan relatif 39,92%, indeks nilai penting 129,03%, indeks keanekaragaman 1,30 tergolong dalam kondisi sedang, indeks keseragaman 0,72 tergolong tinggi dan indeks dominansi 0,2 tergolong rendah. Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 200 Tahun 2004, kondisi padang lamun di perairan Desa Tarabitan tergolong kaya / sehat dengan nilai tutupan ≥ 60.Kata Kunci: Komunitas Lamun, Komposisi Jenis, Distribusi, Semenanjung Tarabitan

scholarly journals Spatial Diversity in Bacterial Communities across Barren and Vegetated, Native and Invasive, Coastal Dune Microhabitats

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Brianna L. Boss ◽  
Bianca R. Charbonneau ◽  
Javier A. Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Composition

The microbial community composition of coastal dunes can vary across environmental gradients, with the potential to impact erosion and deposition processes. In coastal foredunes, invasive plant species establishment can create and alter environmental gradients, thereby altering microbial communities and other ecogeomorphic processes with implications for storm response and management and conservation efforts. However, the mechanisms of these processes are poorly understood. To understand how changing microbial communities can alter these ecogeomorphic dynamics, one must first understand how soil microbial communities vary as a result of invasion. Towards this goal, bacterial communities were assessed spatially along foredune microhabitats, specifically in barren foredune toe and blowout microhabitats and in surrounding vegetated monocultures of native Ammophila breviligulata and invasive Carex kobomugi. Across dune microhabitats, microbial composition was more dissimilar in barren dune toe and blowout microhabitats than among the two plant species, but it did not appear that it would favor the establishment of one plant species over the other. However, the subtle differences between the microbial community composition of two species could ultimately aid in the success of the invasive species by reducing the proportions of bacterial genera associated exclusively with A. breviligulata. These results suggest that arrival time may be crucial in fostering microbiomes that would further the continued establishment and spread of either plant species.

scholarly journals Komposisi Perifiton Pada Daun Lamun Enhalus acoroides, Royle 1839 (Angiosperms : Hydrocharitaceae) dan Thalassia hemrpichii, Ascherson 1871 (Angiosperms : Hydrocharitaceae) di Perairan Teluk Awur, Jepara

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Abdino Putra Utama ◽  
Nirwani Soenardjo ◽  
Hadi Endrawati
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems

ABSTRAK: Perifiton merupakan salah satu organisme yang berkontribusi besar dalam meningkatkan produktivitas primer di ekosistem lamun. Kondisi padang lamun sangat menentukan keberadaan perifiton, sehingga pada kondisi lamun yang baik merupakan tempat yang layak untuk penempelan perifiton. Aktivitas antropogenik akan menyebabkan gangguan maupun kerusakan pada lamun sehingga mempengaruhi penempelan perifiton pada lamun. Perairan Teluk Awur dekat dengan kegiatan-kegiatan antropogenik yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada kondisi lingkungan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetauhi jenis dan kelimpahan perifiton yang hidup pada lamun jenis Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia  hemprichii, serta kelimpahan perifiton pada tiap bagian daun (pangkal, tengah dan ujung). Pengambilan sampel daun lamun dilaksanakan Bulan November 2018 di Perairan Teluk Awur, Kabupaten Jepara. Identifikasi jenis lamun dilakukan pada lokasi penelitian, dan identifikasi jenis perifiton dilakukan pada laboratorium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa, komposisi perifiton terdapat 6 kelas terdiri dari 23 genus dengan kelimpahan tertinggi selalu terdapat pada ujung daun. Genus yang paling sering ditemukan adalah Nitzschia. Kelimpahan perifiton pada lamun jenis E. acoroides dan T. hemprichii secara berturut – turut sebanyak 2689,33 individu/cm2 dan 3158,67 individu/cm2. Kelimpahan perifiton semakin meningkat ketika mendekati bagian ujung daun. ABSTRACT: Periphyton is one of the organism that contributes greatly in increasing primary productivity on seagrass ecosystems. Seagrass conditions greatly determine the presence of periphyton, so when a good seagrass conditions, it is a suitable place for periphyton attachment. Anthropogenic activity will cause disturbance and damage to seagrass, which affects the attachment of periphyton on seagrass. Teluk Awur waters are close to anthropogenic activities which can cause interference with the conditions of the surrounding environment.This study aims to determine the type and abundance of periphyton that lives on the types of seagrass leaves Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii, as well as periphyton abundance in each part of the leaf (base, middle and tip).Sampling of seagrass leaves was carried out on November 2018 in Teluk Awur, Jepara Regency. Identification of seagrass species was carried out at the study site, and identification of the type of periphyton was carried out in the laboratory. Based on the results of the study, that on periphyton composition, 6 classes are consisting of 23 genera with the highest abundance always found at the tip of the leaf. The most common found genus is Nitzschia. Periphyton abundance in seagrass species E. acoroides and T. hemprichii respectively were 2689.33 Ind/cm2 and 3158,67 Ind/cm2. Periphyton abundance inceases as it approaches the tip of the leaves.

scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS LAMUN DI MALANG RAPAT, BINTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
Wahyu Adi ◽  
Aditya Hikmat Nugraha ◽  
Yehiel Hendry Dasmasela ◽  
Agus Ramli ◽  
Calvyn Fredrik Aldus Sondak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Seagrass Cover

Padang lamun menyediakan banyak manfaat. Diperlukan penilaian tutupan lamun dan distribusi spasial spesies lamun, untuk memastikan manfaat dari padang lamun tetap ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kuadran disepanjang line transect, dan analisis data dilakukan untuk dapat menyajikan informasi tentang titik koordinat transek garis, persen tutupan lamun, persen tutupan spesies lamun, jenis substrat (pasir, lumpur dan pecahan karang), jumlah spesies Enhallus acoroides (tegakan/m2) dan distribusi spasial spesies lamun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi padang lamun di wilayah studi sebagai kategori tutupan padat. Spesies lamun Thalassia hemprichii (Th) dan Enhalus acoroides (Ea) adalah spesies dominan dan menyebar ke seluruh wilayah penelitian.COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF SEAGRASS IN MALANG RAPAT, BINTAN. Seagrass beds provide many benefits. Assessment of seagrass cover and spatial distribution of seagrass species is needed, to ensure the benefits of seagrass beds remain. The study was conducted using the quadratic method on the line transect, and the analysis was carried out to be able to present information about line transect coordinate points, percent cover of seagrass, percent cover of seagrass species, substrate type (sand, mud and rubble), number of species of Enhallus acoroides (shoot/m2) and spatial distribution of seagrass species. The results showed the condition of seagrass beds in the study area as a category of solid cover. Seagrass species Thalassia hemprichii (Th) and Enhalus acoroides (Ea) are dominant species and spread throughout the study area.

scholarly journals Deciphering Historical Water-Quality Changes Recorded in Sediments Using eDNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Xueping Chen ◽  
Juan Yu ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
Lihua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Samples

Reservoir sediments harbor abundant bacterial communities that are sensitive to substances transferred from the water column and might record historic water quality in environmental DNA (eDNA). The unique bacterial community along the sediment profile were retrieved based on eDNA in a reservoir to investigate potential links between water quality and the microbial population on a long-time scale. Bacterial communities in sediment samples gathered into three clusters along the depth (depths of 18–38, 8–18, and 1–7 cm). These three sections accumulated during three periods in which water quality was recorded in history (the pristine stage, degraded stage and remediated stage). Sediment samples from the degraded stage had lower microbial community evenness and diversity and higher microgAMBI indices than the other two sections, suggesting that poor water quality during that period was recorded in sedimental eDNA. After decades of biogeochemical cycles, statistical analysis revealed that the main factors affecting the microbial community were bromine, chlorine, and high molecular-weight PAHs in sediments from the degraded stage. The relevant functional groups Dehalococcoidia, Gemmatimonadales, Sva0485, Burkholderiales and Xanthomonadales might be indicators of the historical loading of these pollutants. Amending the microgAMBI index with our functional group of pollution can better illustrate the significant long-term environmental changes caused by historic anthropogenic activities. In sediments from the pristine stage with less pollution input, DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) from the karst landform was the dominant factor controlling microbial communities. Whereas, the surface sediments, which accumulated during the remediated stage, had more correlation with chemistry, such as sulfate and heavy metals, in the overlying water. Our research revealed that historical changes in the water condition, that can be affected by anthropogenic activities, can be depicted by changes in the bacterial communities stored in the sediment using sedimental eDNA. Assessments of the bacterial communities in the sediments, either by describing their biodiversity or using particular species as indicators, would be potential proxies to describe historical environmental development of microbial communities.

scholarly journals Microbial Communities and Physicochemical Characteristics of Traditional Dajiang and Sufu in North China Revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing of 16S rRNA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Liang ◽  
Xinqiang Xie ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Yu Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
North China ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Phyla

The process of soybean fermentation has been practiced for more than 3,000 years. Although Dajiang and Sufu are two popular fermented soybean products consumed in North China, limited information is available regarding their microbial composition. Hence, the current study sought to investigate, and compare, the physicochemical indicators and microbial communities of traditional Dajiang and Sufu. Results showed that the titratable acidity (TA), and salinity, as well as the lactic acid, and malic acid contents were significantly higher in Sufu samples compared to Dajiang. Furthermore, Sufu samples contain abundant sucrose and fructose, while the acetic acid content was lower in Sufu compared to Dajiang samples. Moreover, the predominant bacterial phyla in Dajiang and Sufu samples were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, while the major genera comprise Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Tetragenococcus, and Weissella. Moreover, Dajiang samples also contained abundant Pseudomonas, and Brevundimonas spp., while Halomonas, Staphylococcus, Lysinibacillus, Enterobacter, Streptococcus, Acinetobacter, and Halanaerobium spp. were abundant in Sufu samples. At the species level, Bacillus velezensis, Tetragenococcus halophilus, Lactobacillus rennini, Weissella cibaria, Weissella viridescens, Pseudomonas brenneri, and Lactobacillus acidipiscis represented the major species in Dajiang, while Halomonas sp., Staphylococcus equorum, and Halanaerobium praevalens were the predominant species in Sufu. Acetic acid and sucrose were found to be the primary major physicochemical factor influencing the bacterial communities in Dajiang and Sufu, respectively. Furthermore, Bacillus subtilis is strongly correlated with lactic acid levels, L. acidipiscis is positively correlated with acetic acid levels, while Staphylococcus sciuri and S. equorum are strongly, and positively, correlated with malic acid. Following analysis of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in all samples, cysteine and methionine metabolism, as well as fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes are upregulated in Dajiang compared to Sufu samples. However, such as the Staphylococcus, W. viridescens, and P. brenneri, as potentially foodborne pathogens, existed in Dajang and Sufu samples. Cumulatively, these results suggested that Dajiang and Sufu have unique bacterial communities that influence their specific characteristics. Hence, the current study provides insights into the microbial community composition in Dajiang and Sufu samples, which may facilitate the isolation of functional bacterial species suitable for Dajiang and Sufu production, thus improving their production efficiency.

scholarly journals Manipulation of phyllosphere bacterial communities reversibly alters the plant microbiome and leaf traits in the field

Alpine Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa-Maria Ohler ◽  
Sarah Seeleitner ◽  
Stefan Haselberger ◽  
Sabine Kraushaar ◽  
Jan-Christoph Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
And Shifts

AbstractBacterial communities in the phyllosphere are shaped by host genotype and phenotype and spatio-temporal variation of the environment. In turn, bacteria have the potential for altering the plant phenotype. Field experiments can help to estimate bacterial effects on plant functional traits under natural conditions. We used a transplantation approach of culturable bacterial communities to explore how manipulation of leaf-associated microbial communities in two different successional stages within a glacier foreland can influence microbial composition and functional plant traits. Our study documents successional stage-specific variations in the composition of foliar bacterial communities and shifts therein throughout a season and between years. We show that cultured bacteria transferred between plant communities can alter diversity and composition of the microbiome on plant community level as well as species-specific functional plant traits of two selected plant species within one growing season. Furthermore, our results demonstrate a strong resilience of plant-associated bacterial communities and of plants in response to bacterial invaders. Our study illustrates that inoculation experiments in the field with naturally occurring microbial communities of wild plants are suited to investigate complex interactions between microbial communities, the environment, and plant traits.

scholarly journals Microbiome divergence across four major Indian riverine water ecosystems impacted by anthropogenic contamination: A comparative metagenomic analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Regar ◽  
Mohan Kamthan ◽  
Vivek Kumar gaur ◽  
Satyendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Seema Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Carbon Utilization ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Functional Potential

Abstract Background Indian rivers are a major source of livelihood as river water is used for drinking, agriculture, and religious purposes to a large population. In this study, we report comparative microbial structures and functional potential of four major rivers of India, namely Ganga, Narmada, Cauvery, and Gomti. Comparative microbiome study of these geographically distinct rivers was performed using the samples collected from the source to the downstream sites of each river. We employed metagenomic approach to comprehensively determine the taxonomic and functional potential of river microbiome. Results In this study, we report the pollution influences on microbial composition and functional potential of four distantly located rivers. Results revealed significant microbial diversity in contaminated locations as compared to the upstream samples. A total number of 37 bacterial phyla were detected out of which Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia were abundant. Microbial diversity in respect to anthropogenic activities revealed the prevalence of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, and Nitrospirae phyla, whereas a decline in Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. Virulent and temperate bacteriophages were found high in Ganga when compared to others. Interestingly, the abundance of bacteriophage decreased with increasing pollution load in the river Ganga, unlike in other rivers. The carbon utilization studies indicated a correlation with functional genes occurred in metal contaminated sites. Ganga water has relatively higher trace elements at pristine-upstream than in the Narmada and Cauvery, indicating its origin from Himalayan rocky mountains and also both Ganga and Cauvery rivers found to harbour a large number of metal resistance genes. Conclusion Our findings indicate a correlation between pollution and the microbiome composition. The insights obtained suggest the role of high abundance of microbial communities with implications for human health and demonstrate the functional capabilities contributed by the microbial communities. Among the four rivers studied, the distinctiveness of Ganga in comparison to others, particularly upstream of Ganga revealed a highly dynamic microbial structure. Bhagirathi and Alaknanda confluence to form Ganga, the microbiome revealed that Alaknanda has the foremost contribution to Ganga with respect to microbial community, bacteriophages, and the type of trace elements and heavy metals detected.

scholarly journals Persistent Clones and Local Seed Recruitment Contribute to the Resilience of Enhalus acoroides Populations Under Disturbance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Dierick ◽  
Thi Thuy Hang Phan ◽  
Quang Doc Luong ◽  
Ludwig Triest
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Alternative Stable States ◽  
Seagrass Species ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
South Central

Human-induced land use in coastal areas is one of the main threats for seagrass meadows globally causing eutrophication and sedimentation. These environmental stressors induce sudden ecosystem shifts toward new alternative stable states defined by lower seagrass richness and abundance. Enhalus acoroides, a large-sized tropical seagrass species, appears to be more resistant toward environmental change compared to coexisting seagrass species. We hypothesize that reproductive strategy and the extent of seedling recruitment of E. acoroides are altered under disturbance and contribute to the persistence and resilience of E. acoroides meadows. In this research, we studied eight populations of E. acoroides in four lagoons along the South Central Coast of Vietnam using 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We classified land use in 6 classes based on Sentinel-2 L2A images and determined the effect of human-induced land use at different spatial scales on clonal richness and structure, fine-scale genetic structure and genetic diversity. No evidence of population size reductions due to disturbance was found, however, lagoons were strongly differentiated and may act as barriers to gene flow. The proportion and size of clones were significantly higher in populations of surrounding catchments with larger areas of agriculture, urbanization and aquaculture. We postulate that large resistant genets contribute to the resilience of E. acoroides meadows under high levels of disturbance. Although the importance of clonal growth increases with disturbance, sexual reproduction and the subsequent recruitment of seedlings remains an essential strategy for the persistence of populations of E. acoroides and should be prioritized in conservation measures to ensure broad-scale and long-term resilience toward future environmental change.

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