scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs and the deregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome network in neurodegeneration: a familia tria?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan S Persengiev
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Small Rna Species

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a diverse group of gene regulatory factors that can posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in response to various stimuli during brain development and differentiation. Subsets of ncRNAs and miRNAs in particular, are very specifically expressed within the central nervous system and participate in the regulation of important brain functions. miRNAs are essential for the postmitotic survival of neurons, and therefore might play a role in neuroprotection. A number of miRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases implying that they can contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, in light of the neuroprotective properties of some miRNAs, these small RNA species may themselves be the focus for drug development. Here, we review recent studies that imply a link between miRNA role in the regulation of ubiquitine-proteasome pathways and neurodegeneration and discuss how increased knowledge of miRNAs might serve the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs and the deregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome network in neurodegeneration: a familia tria?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan S Persengiev
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Small Rna Species

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a diverse group of gene regulatory factors that can posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression in response to various stimuli during brain development and differentiation. Subsets of ncRNAs and miRNAs in particular, are very specifically expressed within the central nervous system and participate in the regulation of important brain functions. miRNAs are essential for the postmitotic survival of neurons, and therefore might play a role in neuroprotection. A number of miRNAs have been reported to be dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases implying that they can contribute to pathogenesis. Furthermore, in light of the neuroprotective properties of some miRNAs, these small RNA species may themselves be the focus for drug development. Here, we review recent studies that imply a link between miRNA role in the regulation of ubiquitine-proteasome pathways and neurodegeneration and discuss how increased knowledge of miRNAs might serve the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Loss of miR-210 leads to progressive retinal degeneration in Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e201800149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina M Weigelt ◽  
Oliver Hahn ◽  
Katharina Arlt ◽  
Matthias Gruhn ◽  
Annika J Jahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Knockout Mutants ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. We used small RNA sequencing to identify tissue-specific miRNAs in the adult brain, thorax, gut, and fat body of Drosophila melanogaster. One of the most brain-specific miRNAs that we identified was miR-210, an evolutionarily highly conserved miRNA implicated in the regulation of hypoxia in mammals. In Drosophila, we show that miR-210 is specifically expressed in sensory organs, including photoreceptors. miR-210 knockout mutants are not sensitive toward hypoxia but show progressive degradation of photoreceptor cells, accompanied by decreased photoreceptor potential, demonstrating an important function of miR-210 in photoreceptor maintenance and survival.

scholarly journals Butter: High-precision genomic alignment of small RNA-seq data

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Axtell
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Genomic Location ◽  
Local Densities ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Specificity Determinants

Eukaryotes produce large numbers of small non-coding RNAs that act as specificity determinants for various gene-regulatory complexes. These include microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs). These RNAs can be discovered, annotated, and quantified using small RNA-seq, a variant RNA-seq method based on highly parallel sequencing. Alignment to a reference genome is a critical step in analysis of small RNA-seq data. Because of their small size (20-30 nts depending on the organism and sub-type) and tendency to originate from multi-gene families or repetitive regions, reads that align equally well to more than one genomic location are very common. Typical methods to deal with multi-mapped small RNA-seq reads sacrifice either precision or sensitivity. The tool 'butter' balances precision and sensitivity by placing multi-mapped reads using an iterative approach, where the decision between possible locations is dictated by the local densities of more confidently aligned reads. Butter displays superior performance relative to other small RNA-seq aligners. Treatment of multi-mapped small RNA-seq reads has substantial impacts on downstream analyses, including quantification of MIRNA paralogs, and discovery of endogenous siRNA loci. Butter is freely available under a GNU general public license.

scholarly journals Competing Endogenous RNA Networks as Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9582
Author(s):  
Leticia Moreno-García ◽  
Tresa López-Royo ◽  
Ana Cristina Calvo ◽  
Janne Markus Toivonen ◽  
Miriam de la Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rna ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7 ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Protein aggregation is classically considered the main cause of neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). However, increasing evidence suggests that alteration of RNA metabolism is a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of these complex disorders. Non-coding RNAs are the major contributor to the human transcriptome and are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, where they have been proposed to be involved in the onset and development of NDDs. Interestingly, some ncRNAs (such as lncRNAs, circRNAs and pseudogenes) share a common functionality in their ability to regulate gene expression by modulating miRNAs in a phenomenon known as the competing endogenous RNA mechanism. Moreover, ncRNAs are found in body fluids where their presence and concentration could serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of NDDs. In this review, we summarize the ceRNA networks described in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebellar ataxia type 7, and discuss their potential as biomarkers of these NDDs. Although numerous studies have been carried out, further research is needed to validate these complex interactions between RNAs and the alterations in RNA editing that could provide specific ceRNET profiles for neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way to a better understanding of these diseases.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNAs Associated with Brain Disorders: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Abdolmaleki ◽  
Sevin Ferdowsi ◽  
Asadollah Asadi ◽  
Yassin Panahi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Context: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are neurological disorders characterized by the degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have examined interactions between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and functioning of the CNS in NDs. In this study, we summarized the role of different lncRNAs in most NDs. Methods: In this study, different papers published between years 2003 and 2020 were reviewed. Results: LncRNAs can play a significant role in the development of brain disorders. Conclusions: The dysregulation of lncRNAs has been shown to affect NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). In this review, we compiled recent findings related to the main lncRNAs associated with brain disorders.

scholarly journals The MicroRNA Centrism in the Orchestration of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Nuzziello ◽  
Maria Liguori
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Bidirectional Regulation ◽  
Competing Endogenous Rnas ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a unique ability to regulate the transcriptomic profile by binding to complementary regulatory RNA sequences. The ability of miRNAs to enhance (proinflammatory miRNAs) or restrict (anti-inflammatory miRNAs) inflammatory signalling within the central nervous system is an area of ongoing research, particularly in the context of disorders that feature neuroinflammation, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Furthermore, the discovery of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) has led to an increase in the complexity of miRNA-mediated gene regulation, with a paradigm shift from a unidirectional to a bidirectional regulation, where miRNA acts as both a regulator and is regulated by ceRNAs. Increasing evidence has revealed that ceRNAs, including long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and pseudogenes, can act as miRNA sponges to regulate neuroinflammation in NDDs within complex cross-talk regulatory machinery, which is referred to as ceRNA network (ceRNET). In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in neuroinflammatory regulation and the manner in which cellular and vesicular ceRNETs could influence neuroinflammatory dynamics in complex multifactorial diseases, such as NDDs.

Natural Products for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (34) ◽  
pp. 5790-5828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Wang ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
Jing-Shan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are the common neurodegenerative diseases, which typically occur in people over the age of 60. With the rapid development of an aged society, over 60 million people worldwide are suffering from these uncurable diseases. Therefore, the search for new drugs and therapeutic methods has become an increasingly important research topic. Natural products especially those from the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), are the most important sources of drugs, and have received extensive interest among pharmacist. In this review, in order to facilitate further chemical modification of those useful natural products by pharmacists, we will bring together recent studies in single natural compound from TCMs with neuroprotective effect.

scholarly journals Epigenetic roles of PIWI proteins and piRNAs in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadoughi ◽  
Seyyed Mehdi Mirhashemi ◽  
Zatollah Asemi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancy ◽  
Abnormal Expression ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Entire World

AbstractSmall non‐coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are a subgroup of non‐coding RNAs, with less than 200 nucleotides length and no potential for coding proteins. PiRNAs, a member of sncRNAs, were first discovered more than a decade ago and have attracted researcher’s attention because of their gene regulatory function both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Recent investigations have found that the abnormal expression of these sncRNAs is involved in many human diseases, including cancers. Colorectal cancer (CRC), as a common gastrointestinal malignancy, is one of the important causes of cancer‐related deaths through the entire world and appears to be a consequence of mutation in the genome and epigenetic alterations. The aim of this review is to realize whether there is a relationship between CRC and piRNAs or not.

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