Estimating the Economic Burden of Premature Mortality Caused by Cancer in Iran: 2006-2010

Abstract Background In 2017, the Global Burden of Disease Study estimated that in Europe 0.42 million deaths and 8.9 million disability-adjusted life years were attributable to air pollution. Monetizing this burden is a key step for estimating benefits of exposure reduction strategies. However, robust and synthetic estimates of direct (e.g. due to hospitalizations or medications) and indirect (e.g. due to premature mortality or loss of productivity) health-related costs of air pollution seem to be still lacking. We carried out a systematic review, aimed at identifying evidence from research in Europe. Methods We searched 5 electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web Of Science) in which we applied algorithms tracing keywords such as “cost of illness”, “health care costs”, “economics” and synonyms, together with “air pollution” and synonyms. We limited our search to articles written in English and Italian, without date restriction. Results The initial search retrieved 2420 records. 200 were classified as relevant, and 38 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Most of them (68%) were published after 2010. 26% were multi-country studies, while the remaining focused on a single country or city. Investigated pollutants were usually particulate matter (79% of the studies) and nitrogen oxides (37%). The approaches to the economic analysis were heterogeneous: estimates could include direct and/or indirect costs. Among the studies, the most comprehensive one (12 countries) estimated that complying with WHO guidelines would avert €31 billion yearly, of which €19 million due to hospitalizations. Conclusions Over the last decade, progress has been made in evaluating the economic burden of air pollution. However, estimates based on indirect costs are affected by high levels of uncertainty, while those based on direct costs are more robust and should be further investigated, since they are crucial information for healthcare policy makers. Key messages Air pollution poses a high economic burden on European countries, mainly due to social costs. More attention should be devoted to estimating direct healthcare costs of air pollution, in order to properly inform policy makers about the impact on healthcare systems.

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The economic burden of cervical cancer in Eswatini: Societal perspective

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0250113

Author(s):

Cebisile Ngcamphalala ◽

Ellinor Östensson ◽

Themba G. Ginindza

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽

Productivity Loss ◽

Indirect Costs ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Medical Costs ◽

Cost Driver ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Care Utilization

Background Cervical cancer imposes considerable economic burden on societies and individuals. There is lack of evidence regarding this from the developing world and particularly from sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the study aimed to estimate the societal costs of cervical cancer in Eswatini. Materials and methods The cost of illness study (CoI) was applied using national specific clinical and registry data from hospitals, registries and reports to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer in Eswatini in 2018. Cost data included direct medical costs (health care utilization in inpatient and outpatient care), direct non-medical costs (patient costs for traveling) and indirect costs based on productivity loss due to morbidity (patient time during diagnosis and treatment) and premature mortality. Results The estimated total annual cost for cervical cancer was $19 million (ranging between $14 million and $24 million estimated with lower and upper bounds). Direct cost represented the majority of the costs at 72% ($13.7 million) out of which total pre-cancerous treatment costs accounted for 0.7% ($94,161). The management of invasive cervical cancer was the main cost driver with costs attributable to treatment for FIGO III and FIGO IV representing $1.7 million and $8.7 million respectively. Indirect costs contributed 27% ($5.3 million) out of which productivity loss due to premature mortality represented the majority at 67% ($3.5 million). Conclusion The economic burden of cervical cancer in Eswatini is substantial. National public health prevention strategies with prophylactic HPV vaccine and screening for cervical lesions should therefore be prioritized to limit the extensive costs associated with cervical cancer.

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The Premature Mortality Cost of Cancers Attributable to Secondhand Smoking in Indonesia

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care ◽

10.31557/apjcc.2019.4.4.107-112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 107-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susi Ari Kristina ◽

Ni Putu Ayu Linda Permitasari ◽

Abdillah Ahsan

Keyword(s):

Economic Burden ◽

Pancreas Cancer ◽

Control Policy ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Productivity Costs ◽

Secondhand Smoking ◽

Alternative Perspective ◽

Lost Productivity ◽

Mortality Cost

Objectives: Many studies reported that secondhand smoke associated with many health problems including multiple types of cancer. Both secondhand smoking and cancer have a significant economic impact on society, especially in developing countries. To assess this economic burden, we estimated the costs of lost productivity due to premature mortality cancer attributable to secondhand smoking in Indonesia.Methods: This study used to estimating the number of premature mortality cost (PMC) of six cancers (lung, bladder, colorectal, stomach, pancreas and larynx) due to secondhand smoking in Indonesia. This research was using descriptive epidemiological prevalence-based research design, with cancers mortality data gained from Indonesian National Health Insurance (NHI) database in 2016. Results: Burden priorities for Indonesian men and women accounted for IDR 1,075 trillion by lung cancer, IDR 667 trillion by colorectal cancer and IDR 336 trillion by pancreas cancer out of total PMC IDR 2,665 trillion. We also calculated present value for total PMC which was IDR 2,512 trillion after discounted by 3%. The higher premature mortality cost in males than females reflects higher wages and rates of workforce participation.Conclusion: Lost productivity costs due to cancers related to secondhand smoking premature mortality were significant source of high economic burden in Indonesia. The result of this study may provide an alternative perspective on the cancer burden on society and to strengthen tobacco and smoke free control policy decisions.

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The Economic and Potential Years of Life Lost from Suicide in Taiwan, 1997–2007

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000070 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 152-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Chi-Kin Law ◽

Paul S. F. Yip ◽

Ying-Yeh Chen

Keyword(s):

Suicide Rate ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Age Groups ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

High Risk Population ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Suicide Intervention ◽

The Social ◽

Lifetime Earnings

Background: Taiwan has experienced a marked increase in the suicide rate in the last decade. However, the socioeconomic burden and impact to the community has not been adequately assessed. Aims: This study aimed to estimate the social and economic burden of premature mortality from suicide in Taiwan in 1997–2007. Methods: The suicide rate, potential years of life lost (PYLL), and present value of lifetime earnings (PVLE) by sex and age groups in 1997–2007 were calculated. The contribution of each suicide method to PYLL for each age group was also assessed. Results: Using the PYLL calculations, suicide had become the third leading cause of death in Taiwan in 2007, compared to its ninth position in terms of absolute numbers. Furthermore, the PYLL was associated with an estimated NTD (New Taiwan Dollars) 32.5 billion of lost earnings in 2007. The increase in PYLL and PVLE from suicide was highest in middle-aged men (aged 25–59 years). Charcoal burning suicide accounted for most of the increase in PYLL in the middle-aged group in the past decade. Conclusions: The loss of life in middle-aged males contributes disproportionately to the social and economic burden of suicide in Taiwan. Suicide intervention effort should target this high-risk population.

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Economic burden of cardiovascular disease in the Russian Federation

CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION ◽

10.15829/1728-8800-2011-4-4-9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 4-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

R. G. Oganov ◽

A. V. Kontsevaya ◽

A. M. Kalinina

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Service Use ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Working Age ◽

The Russian Federation

Aim. To analyze the social and economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Russian Federation for the period of 2006-2009. Material and methods. The analysis of the economic CVD burden included direct spending and economic loss related to CVD. Direct spending included hospitalization, ambulance service use, out-patient visits, high medical technologies, and out-patient pharmaceutical treatment. Economic loss included the loss in gross domestic product (GDP) due to death or disability in working-age people, as well as the disability benefits. Results. Total economic burden of CVD for 2008-2009 exceeded 1 trillion RUB, or 3 % of GDP for the respective period. Only one-fifth (21,3 %) of total economic burden of CVD in 2009 was represented by direct costs of the healthcare system. As much as 78,7 % of the total economic burden of CVD was represented by such indirect costs as economic loss, mostly due to premature mortality in working-age men. Conclusion. Substantial economic burden of CVD in theRussian Federation requires increased funding of preventive programs, aimed at CVD risk reduction, and healthcare optimization programs. This increased funding should facilitate mortality risk reduction in the working-age population.

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Estimation of the economic burden of COVID-19 using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and productivity losses in Kerala, India: a model-based analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e049619

Author(s):

Denny John ◽

M S Narassima ◽

Jaideep Menon ◽

Jammy Guru Rajesh ◽

Amitava Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Economic Burden ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Model Based ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

The Impact ◽

Model Based Analysis

ObjectivesFrom the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research globally have centred on the prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the economy and stressed healthcare systems worldwide. The present study estimates disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of potential productive life lost (YPPLL) and cost of productivity lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism secondary to COVID-19 in the state of Kerala, India.SettingDetails on sociodemographics, incidence, death, quarantine, recovery time, etc were derived from public sources and the Collective for Open Data Distribution-Keralam. The working proportion for 5-year age–gender cohorts and the corresponding life expectancy were obtained from the 2011 Census of India.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe impact of the disease was computed through model-based analysis on various age–gender cohorts. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by adjusting six variables across 21 scenarios. We present two estimates, one until 15 November 2020 and later updated to 10 June 2021.ResultsSeverity of infection and mortality were higher among the older cohorts, with men being more susceptible than women in most subgroups. DALYs for males and females were 15 954.5 and 8638.4 until 15 November 2020, and 83 853.0 and 56 628.3 until 10 June 2021. The corresponding YPPLL were 1323.57 and 612.31 until 15 November 2020, and 6993.04 and 3811.57 until 10 June 2021, and the CPL (premature mortality) were 263 780 579.94 and 41 836 001.82 until 15 November 2020, and 1 419 557 903.76 and 278 275 495.29 until 10 June 2021.ConclusionsMost of the COVID-19 burden was contributed by years of life lost. Losses due to YPPLL were reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was lesser among the productive cohorts. The CPL values for individuals aged 40–49 years old were the highest. These estimates provide the data necessary for policymakers to work on reducing the economic burden of COVID-19 in Kerala.

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Estimation of economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala state, India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-118146/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Denny John ◽

Narassima MS ◽

Jaideep C Menon ◽

Guru Rajesh Jammy ◽

Amitava Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Economic Burden ◽

Age Groups ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Baseline Scenario ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Male And Female ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Kerala State ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research, globally, have centered on prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the global economy and stressed the health care systems worldwide.Methods: The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL) and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. Details on sociodemography, incidence, death, quarantine, per capita income etc were dervived from various public sources. 5-year age-gender population, working population in each age-gender cohort and corresponding life expectancies were obtained from Census of India 2011. Data on incidence and recovery time were dervied from CODD-K. Details of deaths were extracted from government sources and CODD-K. The impact of disease on various age-gender cohorts has been analyzed. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables with a total of 21 scenarios.Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among older sub-group of patients, and male were more susceptible than female in most of the age groups. DALYs for the baseline scenario was 15,924.24 and 8,669.32 for male and female respectively. Total YPPLL for male and female cohorts were estimated to be 1323.57 and 612.31 respectively. People of 40-49 years age constituted 51.34% and 41.76% of the total CPL values (for premature mortality) of males and females respectively.Conclusion: Most of the disease burden from COVID-19 was contributed by YLL. Losses due to YPPLL was reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was relatively lesser among the productive age groups. CPL values for people aged from 40-49 years were the highest. These estimates put emphasis that the decision-makers should focus and make efforts on reducing the economic burden for the longer impact of COVID-19 in Kerala state.

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Estimation of the economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala, India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-118146/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Denny John ◽

Narassima MS ◽

Jaideep C Menon ◽

Guru Rajesh Jammy ◽

Amitava Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Economic Burden ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Care Systems ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research, globally, have centered on the prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the economy and stressed the health care systems worldwide. The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL), and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. Setting: Details on sociodemography, incidence, death, quarantine, recovery time, etc were derived from public sources and CODD-K for Kerala. The working proportion for 5-year age-gender cohorts and corresponding life expectancy were obtained from the Census of India 2011. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The impact of disease on various age-gender cohorts have been analyzed. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables across 21 scenarios. In addition, the estimates have been updated till June 10, 2021. Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among the older cohorts, with males being more susceptible than females in most sub-groups. The DALYs for males and females were 15954.5 and 8638.4 till November 15, 2020, and 83853.0 and 56628.3 till June 10, 2021. The corresponding YPPLL were 1323.57 and 612.31 till November 15, 2020, and 6993.04 and 3811.57 till June 10, 2021. CPL (premature mortality) for males and females were 263780579.94 and 41836001.82 till November 15, 2020, and 1419557903.76 and 278275495.29 till June 10, 2021. Conclusions: Most of the COVID-19 disease burden was contributed by YLL. Losses due to YPPLL were reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was relatively lesser among productive cohorts. CPL values for 40-49 year-olds were the highest. . These estimates provide the figures and data necessary to policymakers to work on, in order to reduce the economic burden of COVID-19 in Kerala.

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Estimation of the economic burden of COVID-19 using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Losses in Kerala, India: A model based analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-118146/v5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Denny John ◽

M.S. Narassima ◽

Jaideep C Menon ◽

Guru Rajesh Jammy ◽

Amitava Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Economic Burden ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Model Based ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Kerala State ◽

The Impact ◽

Model Based Analysis

Abstract Objectives: From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical practice and research, globally, have centered on the prevention of transmission and treatment of the disease. The pandemic has had a huge impact on the economy and stressed the healthcare systems worldwide. The present study estimates Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years of Potential Productive Life Lost (YPPLL), and Cost of Productivity Lost (CPL) due to premature mortality and absenteeism, secondary to COVID-19 in Kerala state, India. Setting: Details on sociodemography, incidence, death, quarantine, recovery time, etc were derived from public sources and CODD-K for Kerala. The working proportion for 5-year age-gender cohorts and corresponding life expectancy were obtained from the Census of India 2011. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The impact of disease was computed through model based analysis on various age-gender cohorts. Sensitivity Analysis has been conducted by adjusting six variables across 21 scenarios. We present two estimates, one till November 15, 2020, and later updated till June 10, 2021. Results: Severity of infection and mortality were higher among the older cohorts, with males being more susceptible than females in most sub-groups. The DALYs for males and females were 15954.5 and 8638.4 till November 15, 2020, and 83853.0 and 56628.3 till June 10, 2021. The corresponding YPPLL were 1323.57 and 612.31 till November 15, 2020, and 6993.04 and 3811.57 till June 10, 2021 and CPL (premature mortality) were 263780579.94 and 41836001.82 till November 15, 2020, and 1419557903.76 and 278275495.29 till June 10, 2021. Conclusions: Most of the COVID-19 disease burden was contributed by YLL. Losses due to YPPLL were reduced as the impact of COVID-19 infection was lesser among productive cohorts. CPL values for 40-49 year-olds were the highest. These estimates provide the data necessary for policymakers to work on, to reduce the economic burden of COVID-19 in Kerala.Article summaryStrengths and limitations of this study- The first study to characterize the economic burden caused by COVID-19 in Kerala state using DALYs, YPPLL, and CPL- Use of public sourced data for analysis and presentation of results- Exclusion of incidence of case post August 20, 2020, due to unavailability of data could lead to an underestimation of DALYs- Psychological impacts of the mitigation strategies (e.g., lockdown, travel restrictions, etc.) that could increase mortality were not included in the scope- Unpaid work and presenteeism data, and data on post-recovery illness and long-term effects of COVID-19 have not been considered.

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Economic burden of respiratory diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Russian Federation, 2016

Russian Pulmonology ◽

10.18093/0869-0189-2019-29-2-159-166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 159-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anna V. Kontsevaya ◽

Dinara K. Mukaneyeva ◽

Yuliya A. Balanova ◽

Mikhail B. Khudyakov ◽

Oksana M. Drapkina

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Emergency Care ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Care Costs

The aim of this study was to evaluate economic burden of respiratory diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Russian Federation (RF) in 2016 including direct costs and economic losses caused by decreased labor efficiency. Methods. The analysis included direct cost, such as healthcare expenses and disablement payout, and economic losses due to decreased labor efficiency by the reason of morbidity and premature mortality. Data of Federal State Statistics Service, annual State Statistical Reports, the State Guarantee Program of Free Medical Care for Citizens of Russian Federation, and statistical data on respiratory diseases and COPD were used. Costs of medical care (ambulatory, hospital, and emergency care) were calculated based on compulsory health insurance tariffs. The amount of disability benefits payments was calculated based on number of disabled persons in each group and the size of the disability benefit. Indirect costs (or economic losses) included losses from non-produced products due to premature mortality and disability of working-aged adults. Results. In 2016, there were 623,000 years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to respiratory diseases, mainly in males. Of this, 35% of deaths and 22% of YPLL were related to COPD. Healthcare costs for COPD treatment included hospital care costs (83.9%), ambulatory care costs (11.1%) and emergency care costs (5%). In 2016, the economic burden of COPD in Russian Federation reached 170.3 billion ₽, or 18.8% of all losses and expenditures from respiratory diseases. This is 0.2% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the same year. Conclusion. The economic burden of COPD in Russia in 2016 was 170.3 billion ₽, or 0.2% of GDP. The burden of COPD predominantly consisted of economic losses caused by premature mortality of working-aged subjects. These data suggest that priority should be given to measures aimed at preventing the occurrence and slowing down the progression of this disease, probably by increase the investment in the prevention and treatment of COPD. Such measures could reduce clinical and economic consequences of COPD.

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