scholarly journals Mushroom fruiting body yield and morphological characteristics from different strains of Pleurotus eryngii

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandura Iryna ◽  
Isikhuemhen Omoanghe S. ◽  
Kulik Alina ◽  
Bisko Nina ◽  
Serduik Maryna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Different Strains

scholarly journals Evaluation of Using Spent Mushroom Sawdust Wastes for Cultivation of Auricularia polytricha

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yeh Wu ◽  
Chih-Hung Liang ◽  
Zeng-Chin Liang
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Auricularia Polytricha ◽  
Pleurotus Cystidiosus

The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of different spent mushroom sawdust wastes (SMSWs) and different proportions of SMSWs as potential substrates for the cultivation of Auricularia polytricha by evaluating yield and biological efficiency of the fruiting body. Nine SMSWs were respectively utilized as the main ingredient in the cultivation of A. polytricha. Then, spent Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus cystidiosus, and Pleurotus ostreatus sawdust wastes were screened among these nine SMSWs to be utilized as substrate and to determine the suitable proportion of SMSW in the cultivation of A. polytricha based on their yields and biological efficiencies. The highest yield and biological efficiency (total of two flushes) of A. polytricha cultivation on a single SMSW substrate was obtained with spent P. eryngii sawdust waste, followed by spent P. cystidiosus and P. ostreatus sawdust wastes. These three SMSWs were then applied in nine combination substrates, which were screened based on yield and biological efficiency for cultivation of A. polytricha. The combination substrate with the highest yield and biological efficiency of A. polytricha cultivation was P. eryngii (PES) + P. cystidiosus spent sawdust (PCYS) (235.4 g/bag yield and 58.85% biological efficiency); its yield was 1.62 folds higher than that of the control. From the results, we found that it was feasible to use spent sawdust wastes of P. eryngii and P. cystidiosus to replace sawdust for cultivation of A. polytricha.

scholarly journals First Report of Cladobotryum protrusum causing Cobweb Disease on the Edible Mushroom Coprinus comatus

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Z. Wang ◽  
M. P. Guo ◽  
Y. B. Bian
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Coprinus Comatus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Medicinal Value

Coprinus comatus is one of the most commercially important mushrooms in China. Its fruiting body possesses rich nutritional and medicinal value. In November 2013, unusual symptoms were observed on C. comatus on a mushroom farm in Wuhan, Hubei, China. At first, fruiting bodies were covered by white and cobweb-like mycelia. Later, the cap and stipe turned brown or dark before rotting and cracking. The pathogen was isolated from infected tissue of C. comatus. Colonies of the pathogen on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium first appeared yellowish, followed by an obvious ochraceous or pinkish color. Aerial mycelia grew along the plate wall, cottony, 1 to 4 mm high. Conidiophores were borne on the tops of hyphae, had two to four branches, and were cylindrical, long clavate, or fusiform. Conidia were borne on the tops of the branches of conidiophores, had one to two separates, and were long and clavate. The spores ranged from 15.3 to 22.1 μm long and were 5.1 to 8.3 μm wide, which was consistent with the characteristics of Cladobotryum protrusum (1). The species was identified by ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequencing. The ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was amplified from the isolated strain using primers ITS1 and ITS4. A BLAST search in GenBank revealed the highest similarity (99%) to C. protrusum (GenBank Accession Nos. FN859408.1 and FN859413.1). The pathogen was grown on PDA at 25°C for 3 days, and the inoculation suspension was prepared by flooding the agar surface with sterilized double-distilled water for spore suspension (1 × 105 conidia/ml). In one treatment, the suspension was sprayed on casing soil (106 conidia/m2) and mixed thoroughly with it, then cased with treated soil for 2 to 3 cm thickness on the surface of compost in cultivation pots (35 × 25× 12 cm), with sterile distilled water as a control (2). Eight biological replicates were included in this treatment. In the second treatment, mycelia plugs (0.3 × 0.3 cm) without spore production were added to 20 fruiting bodies. Mushrooms treated with blank agar plugs (0.3 × 0.3 cm) were used as a control. The plugs were covered with sterilized cotton balls to avoid loss of moisture. Tested cultivation pots were maintained at 18°C and 85 to 95% relative humidity. In the samples where casing soil was sprayed with conidia suspension, white mildew developed on the pileus, and a young fruiting body grew out from the casing soil. Eventually, the surface of the mushroom was overwhelmed by the mycelia of the pathogen and the pileus turned brown or black. For the other group inoculated with mycelia plugs, only the stipe and pileus inoculated with mycelia turned brown or dark; it rotted and cracked 2 to 3 days later. The symptoms were similar to those observed on the C. comatus cultivation farm. Pathogens re-isolated from pathogenic fruiting bodies were confirmed to be C. protrusum based on morphological characteristics and ITS sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of C. protrusum on the edible mushroom C. comatus (3). Based on the pathogenicity test results, C. protrusum has the ability to severely infect the fruiting body of C. comatus. References: (1) K. Põldmaa. Stud. Mycol. 68:1, 2011. (2) F. J. Gea et al. Plant Dis. 96:1067, 2012. (3) W. H. Dong et al. Plant Dis. 97:1507, 2013.

Pantoea beijingensis sp. nov., isolated from the fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii

2013 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Shouxian Wang ◽  
Dianpeng Zhang ◽  
Shujun Wei ◽  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii

scholarly journals Morphology and molecular evaluation of Iphinoe spelaeobios gen. nov., sp. nov. and Loriellopsis cavernicola gen. nov., sp. nov., two stigonematalean cyanobacteria from Greek and Spanish caves

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2907-2915 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lamprinou ◽  
M. Hernández-Mariné ◽  
T. Canals ◽  
K. Kormas ◽  
A. Economou-Amilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Type V ◽  
Micro Organisms

Caves have generally been found to host phototrophic micro-organisms from various taxonomic groups, with cyanobacteria comprising an important group that have adapted to these stable and highly specific environments. A polyphasic study based on aspects of classical morphology and molecular data revealed two new monospecific genera from fresh material of Greek and Spanish caves. Both taxa are characterized by obligatory true branching (T-type, V-type and false branching), the presence of heterocysts, and reproduction by hormocysts and akinetes. They shared some similarities in their morphological characteristics as revealed by light, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, but phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two phylotypes were different (89.8 % similarity); this represents an example of shared morphology in genetically different strains of cave-adapted species. Phenotypic and genetic traits strongly support classification of the phylotypes as independent taxa in the order Stigonematales (the most differentiated and complicated group of cyanobacteria), family Loriellaceae Geitl 1925. Hence, the names Iphinoe spelaeobios Lamprinou and Pantazidou gen. nov., sp. nov. and Loriellopsis cavernicola Hernández-Mariné and Canals gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed.

scholarly journals First Report of Cobweb Disease Caused by Cladobotryum mycophilum on the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus eryngii in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1374-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Kim ◽  
Y. H. Lee ◽  
K. M. Cho ◽  
J. Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
First Report ◽  
Cobweb Disease ◽  
Fungal Mycelia

Pleurotus eryngii is one of the most commercially important mushrooms in Korea. In May 2009, unusual symptoms were observed in P. eryngii grown in mushroom farms in Changnyeong and Hapcheon, in Gyeong-nam Province, Korea. One of the main symptoms was cobweb-like growth of fungal mycelia over the mushroom surface. Colonies on the surface rapidly overwhelmed the mushrooms, which turned pale brown or yellow. Mushrooms eventually turned dark brown and became rotten. Colonies of the isolates on potato dextrose agar (PDA) were yellowish, and a reddish or orange color was evident in the agar. The colonies grew 20 to 30 mm per day on PDA. Large spores with a single septum were produced on vertically branched conidiophores bearing two to four, mostly three to four, sporogenous cells, ranging from 17.2 to 20.5 μm long and 8.0 to 10.2 μm thick. The shape of the conidia was ellipsoid and obovoid. These morphological characteristics are consistent with descriptions of Cladobotryum mycophilum, a causal agent of cobweb disease in Agaricus bisporus (1,4). To identify the isolated fungal pathogen, the ITS region was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 primers and sequenced. The sequence data from the isolate was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JF693809). A BLAST search showed that the isolated strain belonged to a species of Cladobotryum. The highest similarity (99.5%) was to the ITS sequence of C. mycophilum (teleomorph Hypomyces odoratus) (GenBank Accession Nos. JF505112 and Y17096) (3,4). The strain that was tested for pathogenicity was grown on PDA at 25°C for 72 h. The inoculum was prepared by flooding the agar surface with 10 ml of sterilized double distilled water and scraping it with a spatula. The resulting spore suspension was filtered through three layers of cheesecloth. Conidial concentration was adjusted with a hemacytometer to 1 × 106 conidia ml–1. A conidia suspension was inoculated onto each of several stages of mushroom cultivation with a pipette. The control was spotted with double distilled water. In the case of infection during the inoculation and spawn running stages, the fungal mycelia colonized the media and hampered development of the mycelium of P. eryngii. In the regeneration and primordia formation stages of the host, the mycelium of the pathogen covered the surface of the plastic bottle containing the substrates and developed many spores. In the growing and harvesting stages, the surface of mushroom was overwhelmed by the mycelium of the fungal pathogen and turned pale or dark brown, accompanied by cracking of the stipe surface and finally rotting with a foul odor. These symptoms were similar to the observation from natural infection. The symptoms of the cobweb-like disease in A. bisporus (1,2) were observed within 5 to 7 days of inoculation with conidia suspensions of C. mycophilum. Fungi isolated from inoculated mushrooms were shown to be identical, based on phenotypic characteristic, to the inoculated strain used in these pathogenicity tests. No symptoms were observed on controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of C. mycophilum on the edible mushroom P. eryngii in Korea. Based on the pathogenicity test results, the pathogen could attack P. eryngii in any cultivation stage, making it a potentially serious fungal pathogen in P. eryngii. References: (1) C. G. Back et al. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 76:232, 2010. (2) R. H. Gaze. Mushroom J. 546:23, 1995. (3) F. J. Gea et al. Plant Dis. 95:1030, 2011. (4) H. M. Grogan and R. H. Gaze. Mycol. Res. 104:357, 2000.

scholarly journals Optimization of extraction parameters of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides and evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 11918-11928
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Xuefeng Chen ◽  
Yanni Zhao ◽  
Wei Jia ◽  
Xiangna Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Hypolipidemic Effect ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Extraction Parameters

The hot water extraction of polysaccharides from the fruiting body of Pleurotus eryngii was studied.

scholarly journals A new record of Ganoderma tropicum (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) for Thailand and first assessment of optimum conditions for mycelia production

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thatsanee Luangharn ◽  
Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽  
Peter E. Mortimer ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
Naritsada Thongklang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
New Record ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Posterior Probabilities ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Growing Conditions

In this study a new record of Ganodermatropicum is described as from Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. The fruiting body was collected on the base of a living Dipterocarpus tree. The sample is described on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, and compared with closely related taxa. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of LSU, ITS, and RPB2 highly support the placement of the G.tropicum group with isolates from China and Taiwan (Maximum likelihood 100%, Maximum parsimony 100%, and Bayesian posterior probabilities 1.00). The optimal media, pH, and temperature for mycelial growth of the G.tropicum strain KUMCC18-0046 was also investigated and is reported as: PDA, MEA, and YPD, at pH 7–8 and 25–28 °C, respectively. This is the first report on the successful growing conditions for mycelial production, but unfortunately fruiting could not be achieved.

scholarly journals In vitro investigation of King Oyster Mushroom [Pleurotus eryngii (DC.: Fr.) Quel.] strains in vegetative growing phases

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Szarvas ◽  
Z. Naár ◽  
A. Geösel ◽  
J. Győrfi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
King Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The king oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus eryngii) is more and more popular amongst the producers due to its excellent taste and relatively easy cultivation . In the course of our work we collected 15 king oyster mushroom strains from various habitats in Hungary in order to get a better picture about the growth of the vegetative mycelia of the species and its different strains. In the in vitro experiments we investigated the growth of the strains at various temperatures and pH. incubated them in light and darkness and in aerobic and anaerobic atmosphere. In addition to these we measured the weight of dry mycelia produced in a given time by the strains. Our results showed that the above mentioned environmental conditions resulted in a very different growth rate of the vegetative mycelia of the various P. eryngii strains. These results may provide valuable data about the vegetative phase of the cultivation.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Presence of Hyphae and Fruiting Body Calcium Oxalate Crystallites in Schizophyllum commune

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyue Xiao ◽  
Tianji Huang ◽  
jingyi zhang ◽  
qiuyi su ◽  
Lin Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Saprophytic Fungus ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
The World

Biomineralization is a phenomenon in which organisms form crystals. Studies have shown that many fungi have the ability to biomineralize, it can exhibit calcium oxalate crystals on their hyphae and fruiting body.  Schizophyllum commune  is a common saprophytic fungus distributed all over the world, but there is little research on its biomineralization. In this paper,  S. commune  fruiting body from three different provinces of China were collected, and isolation for hyphal cultured to obtain several samples. Utilizing light microscope, FE-SEM, and EDAX, the existence of crystals on the fruiting body and mycelium of each strain was found, and their morphological characteristics and ion content were analyzed. It was ultimately established that biomineralization occurs on  S. commune.

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