Anthropometric and Psychomotor Development Factors Linked to Foot Valgus in Children Aged 6 to 9 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Morales Asencio ◽  
Miguel F. Medina-Alcántara ◽  
Ana Belen Ortega-Avila ◽  
Ana María Jimenez-Cebrian ◽  
Joaquin Paez Moguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right

Background: Planovalgus foot prevalence estimates vary widely (0.6%–77.9%). Among the many factors that may influence planovalgus foot development, much attention has been given to body mass index, especially that of children's feet; factors related to psychomotor development have been less studied. We sought to determine the presence of planovalgus foot in children and its association with anthropometric parameters and psychomotor development. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Málaga, Spain, 2012–2013, of 104 schoolchildren (mean ± SD age, 7.55 ± 0.89 years; 45.2% were boys). Age, sex, body mass index, presence of valgus (valgus index, by pedigraphy), and personal history related to psychomotor development of the lower limbs (presence/absence of crawling, age at onset of crawling, age at onset of walking, use of mobility aids) were evaluated. Results: Of the children with obesity, 53.7% had valgus deformity in the left hindfoot (odds ratio [OR], 6.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.72–17.70; P < .0001). In the right foot, the corresponding values were 54.5% (OR, 9.08; 95% CI, 3.38–24.36; P < .0001). Multivariate logistic regression showed an increased risk of left planovalgus foot in boys, in children with overweight or obesity, and in those who began walking later. For the right foot, the same risk factors applied except age at onset of walking. Conclusions: These results corroborate data from previous studies, which report an association between overweight and obesity and the onset of planovalgus foot in children. In addition, we identify a new risk factor: age at onset of walking.

scholarly journals The Association of Obesity and Liver Enzyme Activities in a Student Population at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease / Veza Između Gojaznosti I Aktivnosti Jetrenih Enzima U Studentskoj Populaciji Sa Povećanim Rizikom Za Nastanak Kardiovaskularnih Bolesti

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Čolak ◽  
Dragana Pap ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh ◽  
Ivana Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Summary Background: It has been reported that obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk but also with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing rapidly all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of liver enzymes: AST, ALT and γGT in a group of obese students in order to establish their correlation to anthropometric parameters such as: BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) compared to non-obese students who comprised the control group (CG). Methods: In this study, 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women) with a mean age of 22.32 ± 1.85 years were included. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) lower and higher than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the obese group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). AST, ALT and γGT activities were determined in fasting blood samples. Results: Statistical processing data revealed significantly higher values of AST, ALT and γGT in the group of students with BMI>25 kg/m2, WC>94 cm for males and WC>80 cm for females, HC>108 cm for males and HC>111 cm for females, and WHR>0.90 for males and WHR>0.80 for females (P<0.001). Significant association was established between anthropometric parameters and liver enzyme levels (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Obese students with higher BMI, WC, HC and WHR values have higher liver enzyme activites and a higher chance to develop NAFLD in the future.

scholarly journals Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Child BMI—A Study of Prenatal Exposure to Nitrogen Oxides and Body Mass Index in Children at the Age of Four Years in Malmö, Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Frondelius ◽  
Anna Oudin ◽  
Ebba Malmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Traffic-related air pollution could be a danger to the health of children. Earlier studies have linked prenatal exposure to an increased risk of a range of diseases and negative health outcomes, including overweight and obesity. Presently, a knowledge gap exists in investigating the risk of overweight and obesity among children exposed to lower levels of air pollution in utero. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal traffic-related air pollution (nitrogen dioxides (NOx) and traffic density) and childhood overweight and obesity in Malmö, Sweden. A cohort, based on attendance of a four-year check-up examination at Swedish Child Health Care (CHC) centers, and a parent-assessed questionnaire provided data on body-mass index adjusted for four-year-old children (ISO-BMI) as well as socioeconomic and health variables. We estimated exposure by using traffic density and levels of NOx at the maternal geocoded residential level. Analysis of 5815 children was performed using binary logistic regression models. This study showed no associations of increased risk for childhood overweight or obesity through to prenatal exposure to NOx in this low-exposure setting. We further suggest analysis of risks related to exposure levels ranging between the ones presented here and those proposed in previous literature.

scholarly journals The Future Excess Fraction of Cancer Attributable to High Body Mass Index in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 194s-194s ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Carey ◽  
R. Norman ◽  
D. Whiteman ◽  
A. Reid ◽  
R. Neale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
High Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Burden

Background: High body mass index (BMI > 25 kg/m2) has been found to be associated with an increased risk of many cancers, including cancers of the colon and rectum, liver, and pancreas. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the future burden of cancer resulting from current levels of overweight and obesity in Australia. Methods: The future excess fraction method was used to estimate the future burden of cancer among the proportion of the Australian adult population who were overweight or obese in 2016. Calculations were conducted for 13 cancer types, including cancers of the colon, rectum, kidney, and liver. Results: The cohort of 18.7 million adult Australians in 2016 will develop ∼7.6 million cancers over their lifetime. Of these, ∼402,500 cancers (5.3%) will be attributable to current levels of overweight and obese. The majority of these will be postmenopausal breast cancers (n = 72,300), kidney cancers (n = 59,200), and colon cancers (n = 55,100). More than a quarter of future endometrial cancers (30.3%) and esophageal adenocarcinomas (35.8%) will be attributable to high body mass index. Conclusion: A significant proportion of future cancers will result from current levels of high body mass index. Our estimates are not directly comparable to past estimates of the burden from overweight and obesity because they describe different quantities - future cancers in currently exposed vs current cancers due to past exposures. The results of this study provide us with relevant up-to-date information about how many cancers in Australia could be prevented.

scholarly journals Physical activity modifies the risk of atrial fibrillation in obese individuals: The HUNT3 study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1646-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars E Garnvik ◽  
Vegard Malmo ◽  
Imre Janszky ◽  
Ulrik Wisløff ◽  
Jan P Loennechen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder, and high body mass index is a well-established risk factor for atrial fibrillation. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of physical activity and body mass index and risk of atrial fibrillation, and the modifying role of physical activity on the association between body mass index and atrial fibrillation. Design The design was a prospective cohort study. Methods This study followed 43,602 men and women from the HUNT3 study in 2006–2008 until first atrial fibrillation diagnosis or end of follow-up in 2015. Atrial fibrillation diagnoses were collected from hospital registers and validated by medical doctors. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the association between physical activity, body mass index and atrial fibrillation. Results During a mean follow-up of 8.1 years (352,770 person-years), 1459 cases of atrial fibrillation were detected (4.1 events per 1000 person-years). Increasing levels of physical activity were associated with gradually lower risk of atrial fibrillation ( p trend 0.069). Overweight and obesity were associated with an 18% (hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.35) and 59% (hazard ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.37–1.84) increased risk of atrial fibrillation, respectively. High levels of physical activity attenuated some of the higher atrial fibrillation risk in obese individuals (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.03–2.28 in active and 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.44–2.67 in inactive) compared to normal weight active individuals. Conclusion Overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Physical activity offsets some, but not all, atrial fibrillation risk associated with obesity.

Overweight, Obesity and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. e21-e29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Huaizhen Liu ◽  
Shengjie Yang ◽  
Jinjun Zhang ◽  
Liwei Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Endometrial Cancer Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Aim Findings from recent studies suggest that obesity may be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but several earlier studies were less conclusive. Here we strive to estimate this relationship in a meta-analysis of published data. Methods We searched Pubmed and Embase for studies on body mass index and the risk of endometrial cancer, published from 1989 to 2011. Data were independently extracted and analyzed using random or fixed effects meta-analysis depending on the degree of heterogeneity. Results Seven cohort studies and 11 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the conditions of excess body weight ([EBW] defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and overweight (25< BMI <30 kg/m2) were associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer (relative risk [RR] for EBW=1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.89; for obesity RR=2.54, 95% CI, 2.11-3.06; for overweight RR=1.32, 95% CI, 1.16-1.50). Subgroup analyses showed that the positive associations were independent of study design, geographic locations, self-reported BMI, alcohol use, smoking habit, history of diabetes, hormone therapy, age at menarche, age at menopause, parity, and age at first full term pregnancy. However, there was no statistically significant association between EBW and endometrial cancer risk for measured BMI (for EBW RR=1.29, 95% CI, 0.66-2.53). Conclusions The findings from this meta-analysis strongly support that the conditions of EBW, overweight, and obesity are all associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Also, the strength of the association increases with increasing BMI.

Body mass index and white matter lesions in elderly women. An 18-year longitudinal study

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Gustafson ◽  
B. Steen ◽  
I. Skoog
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Vascular Risk Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Blood Pressures

Background: We investigated the longitudinal relationship between body mass index (BMI), a major vascular risk factor, and white matter lesions (WMLs) in older women.Methods: Twenty-seven Swedish women were followed from age 70 to 88. Measurements of BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were conducted at 70, 75, 79, 85, and 88 years. WMLs were measured using computerized tomography at age 85 and 88 (85/88).Results: Women with any WMLs at age 85/88 had higher BMI at age 70 (p=0.003) and 75 (p=0.006), compared to women without WMLs. Increasing severity of WMLs was related to BMI at age 70 (p<0.001), 75 (p<0.001), 79 (p=0.017), and 85 (p=0.025). After consideration of other vascular factors, BMI at age 70, 75, and 79 was most significantly related to WML at 85/88. Every 1.0 kg/m2 increase in BMI at age 70 increased risk of WMLs twofold.Conclusions: Overweight and obesity may be important contributors to the presence of WMLs in the elderly.

scholarly journals Measuring Distributional Inequality: Relative Body Mass Index Distributions by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Education, United States (1999–2006)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Houle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
White Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Race And Education ◽  
The Right

Few studies consider obesity inequalities as a distributional property. This study uses relative distribution methods to explore inequalities in body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). Data from 1999–2006 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to compare BMI distributions by gender, Black/White race, and education subgroups in the United States. For men, comparisons between Whites and Blacks show a polarized relative distribution, with more Black men at increased risk of over or underweight. Comparisons by education (overall and within race/ethnic groups) effects also show a polarized relative distribution, with more cases of the least educated men at the upper and lower tails of the BMI distribution. For women, Blacks have a greater probability of high BMI values largely due to a right-shifted BMI distribution relative to White women. Women with less education also have a BMI distribution shifted to the right compared to the most educated women.

scholarly journals Relationship between Maternal Body Mass Index and Obstetric and Perinatal Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ballesta-Castillejos ◽  
Juan Gómez-Salgado ◽  
Julián Rodríguez-Almagro ◽  
Inmaculada Ortiz-Esquinas ◽  
Antonio Hernández-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Increased Risk

Over the past few decades, overweight and obesity have become a growing health problem of particular concern for women of reproductive age as obesity in pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of obstetric and neonatal complications. The objective of this study is to describe the incidence of obstetric and perinatal complications in relation to maternal body mass index (BMI) at the time prior to delivery within the Spanish Health System. For this purpose, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted aimed at women who have been mothers between 2013 and 2018 in Spain. Data were collected through an online survey of 42 items that was distributed through lactation associations and postpartum support groups. A total of 5871 women answered the survey, with a mean age of 33.9 years (SD = 4.26 years). In the data analysis, crude odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated through a multivariate analysis. A linear relationship was observed between the highest BMI figures and the highest risk of cephalopelvic disproportion (AOR of 1.79 for obesity type III (95% CI: 1.06–3.02)), preeclampsia (AOR of 6.86 for obesity type III (3.01–15.40)), labor induction (AOR of 1.78 for obesity type III (95% CI: 1.16–2.74)), emergency C-section (AOR of 2.92 for obesity type III (95% CI: 1.68–5.08)), morbidity composite in childbirth (AOR of 3.64 for obesity type III (95% CI: 2.13–6.24)), and macrosomia (AOR of 6.06 for obesity type III (95% CI: 3.17–11.60)), as compared with women with normoweight. Women with a higher BMI are more likely to develop complications during childbirth and macrosomia.

scholarly journals Correlation of Body Mass Index and Waist-Hip Ratio with Severity and Complications of Hyperlipidemic Acute Pancreatitis in Chinese Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Yang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yun Xing ◽  
Lichuan Du ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Local Complications ◽  
Increased Risk

Hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) is characterized by critical condition and high recurrence rate compared with non-HLAP. We conducted this study to investigate the value of body mass index and waist-hip ratio in predicting severity and local complications in HLAP. 96 patients with HLAP were categorized by body mass index and waist-hip ratio, respectively. According to the body mass index, they were divided into 3 groups, including normal weight, overweight, and obesity. According to the waist-hip ratio, they were divided into central obesity group and no central obesity group. The body mass index and waist-hip ratio were compared in severity, local complications, and systematic complications of HLAP, using chi-square test and Monte Carlo simulations. The body mass index and waist-hip ratio were correlated with the severity of acute pancreatitis (MAP, MSAP, and SAP), respiratory failure, and circulatory failure in HLAP (p<0.05), but not correlated with the local complications (walled-off necrosis, pancreatic abscess, and pancreatic pseudocyst), renal failure, and gastrointestinal bleeding.The body mass index and waist-hip ratio are valuable in predicting severity and complication in HLAP. We demonstrated that obese patients had an increased risk of developing more serious condition and more complications in HLAP.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity among staff of University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
J Abuo ◽  
BN Ekpenyong ◽  
GME Nja ◽  
N Nwachuku ◽  
IB Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The University

Introduction: Physical inactivity is reported among 41% of Nigerians and 73.8% of adults in Calabar have been reported to be either overweight or obese. Obesity is a chronic disorder marked by excessive generalized deposition and storage of fat in human body. It is indicated by a Body Mass Index of 30kg/m2 and above. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the staff of the University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.Methods: A total of 321 staff in University of Calabar participated in this cross sectional study. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select faculties, departments, offices and respondents. Data was collected using a semi-structured and self administered questionnaire, a well calibrated weighing scale, a calculator and a checklist. Data analysis was done using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0.Results: Of the 321 respondents, 55.1% were males and 60.0% were non-teaching. One hundred and twenty nine (40.0%) of the staff were 31-40 years. A total of 43.6% had normal weight, 35.5% were overweight while 19.6% were obese. A total of 45.1% were estimated to be physically inactive and 24.0% did not intend to begin exercises within the next six months. Majority, 91.3% of respondents were knowledgeable about overweight/obesity and 60.4% correctly mentioned at least one possible health implication of overweight/obesity but only 24.3% could define overweight and obesity based on Body Mass Index and most staff (72.0%) believed they had normal weight. Conclusion: The percentage of those found to be either overweight or obese is remarkable and the need to educate staff of the implication and ways to avoid over-nutrition. To avoid the increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases including communicable diseases, preventive health education and regular health checks for staff are recommended.

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