scholarly journals Temporo-cerebellar connectivity underlies timing constraints in audition

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Stockert ◽  
Michael Schwartze ◽  
David Poeppel ◽  
Alfred Anwander ◽  
Sonja Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Timing Constraints ◽  
Probabilistic Tractography ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Short Timescale ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Healthy Participants

The flexible and efficient adaptation to dynamic, rapid changes in the auditory environment likely involves generating and updating of internal models. Such models arguably exploit connections between the neocortex and the cerebellum, supporting proactive adaptation. Here we tested whether temporo-cerebellar disconnection is associated with the processing of sound at short-timescales. First, we identify lesion-specific deficits for the encoding of short timescale spectro-temporal non-speech and speech properties in patients with left posterior temporal cortex stroke. Second, using lesion- guided probabilistic tractography in healthy participants, we revealed bidirectional temporo-cerebellar connectivity with cerebellar dentate nuclei and crura I/II. These findings support the view that the encoding and modeling of rapidly modulated auditory spectro-temporal properties can rely on a temporo-cerebellar interface. We discuss these findings in view of the conjecture that proactive adaptation to a dynamic environment via internal models is a generalizable principle.

scholarly journals Temporo-cerebellar connectivity underlies timing constraints in audition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Stockert ◽  
Michael Schwartze ◽  
David Poeppel ◽  
Alfred Anwander ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Hemispheric Specialization ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Forward Modeling ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Fiber Tractography ◽  
Temporal Properties

AbstractThe flexible and efficient adaptation to dynamic, rapid changes in the auditory environment likely involves generating and updating of internal models. Such models arguably exploit connections between the neocortex and the cerebellum, supporting proactive adaptation. Here we test the functional mechanisms associated with temporo-cerebellar connectivity, verifying these mechanisms for speech sounds. First, we identify lesion-specific deficits for the encoding of short timescale spectro-temporal non-speech and speech properties in patients with left posterior temporal cortex stroke. Second, using lesion-guided probabilistic tractography in healthy participants, we reveal bidirectional temporo-cerebellar connectivity with cerebellar dentate nuclei and crura I/II. These findings imply that the encoding and modeling of rapidly modulated auditory spectro-temporal properties engage a temporo-cerebellar interface. The data further support the conjecture that proactive adaptation to a dynamic environment via internal models is a generalizable principle.Significance StatementAsymmetric sampling in time, the principle of duration-sensitive hemispheric specialization of the cerebral cortex in the sensory decomposition of sound, is a widely tested hypothesis in auditory neuroscience. This functional organization is mirrored in the cerebellar cortex, implicated in the internal forward-modeling of sensory feedback that arises from motor actions. The potential structural and functional integration of these systems is not well understood. Using a unique combination of causal lesion-symptom mapping in persons with temporal lobe damage and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance neuroimaging in healthy persons, we identify one key missing link and provide evidence for cross-lateral temporo-cerebellar connectivity using probabilistic white matter fiber tractography. These cerebellar-pontine-temporal cortex connections not only support asymmetric sampling in time but also establish the basis for a generalizable role of cerebellar forward-modeling in sensation beyond the monitoring of sensory feedback in the motor domain.

scholarly journals Visual predictions, neural oscillations and naïve physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake W. Saurels ◽  
Wiremu Hohaia ◽  
Kielan Yarrow ◽  
Alan Johnston ◽  
Derek H. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Core Property ◽  
Ball Tracking ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractPrediction is a core function of the human visual system. Contemporary research suggests the brain builds predictive internal models of the world to facilitate interactions with our dynamic environment. Here, we wanted to examine the behavioural and neurological consequences of disrupting a core property of peoples’ internal models, using naturalistic stimuli. We had people view videos of basketball and asked them to track the moving ball and predict jump shot outcomes, all while we recorded eye movements and brain activity. To disrupt people’s predictive internal models, we inverted footage on half the trials, so dynamics were inconsistent with how movements should be shaped by gravity. When viewing upright videos people were better at predicting shot outcomes, at tracking the ball position, and they had enhanced alpha-band oscillatory activity in occipital brain regions. The advantage for predicting upright shot outcomes scaled with improvements in ball tracking and occipital alpha-band activity. Occipital alpha-band activity has been linked to selective attention and spatially-mapped inhibitions of visual brain activity. We propose that when people have a more accurate predictive model of the environment, they can more easily parse what is relevant, allowing them to better target irrelevant positions for suppression—resulting in both better predictive performance and in neural markers of inhibited information processing.

scholarly journals Left posterior temporal cortex is sensitive to syntax within conceptually matched Arabic expressions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Matar ◽  
Julien Dirani ◽  
Alec Marantz ◽  
Liina Pylkkänen
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Syntactic Complexity ◽  
Conceptual Combination ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Vary Structure

AbstractDuring language comprehension, the brain processes not only word meanings, but also the grammatical structure—the “syntax”—that strings words into phrases and sentences. Yet the neural basis of syntax remains contentious, partly due to the elusiveness of experimental designs that vary structure independently of meaning-related variables. Here, we exploit Arabic’s grammatical properties, which enable such a design. We collected magnetoencephalography (MEG) data while participants read the same noun-adjective expressions with zero, one, or two contiguously-written definite articles (e.g., ‘chair purple’; ‘the-chair purple’; ‘the-chair the-purple’), representing equivalent concepts, but with different levels of syntactic complexity (respectively, indefinite phrases: ‘a purple chair’; sentences: ‘The chair is purple.’; definite phrases: ‘the purple chair’). We expected regions processing syntax to respond differently to simple versus complex structures. Single-word controls (‘chair’/‘purple’) addressed definiteness-based accounts. In noun-adjective expressions, syntactic complexity only modulated activity in the left posterior temporal lobe (LPTL), ~ 300 ms after each word’s onset: indefinite phrases induced more MEG-measured positive activity. The effects disappeared in single-word tokens, ruling out non-syntactic interpretations. In contrast, left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) activation was driven by meaning. Overall, the results support models implicating the LPTL in structure building and the LATL in early stages of conceptual combination.

scholarly journals Genetically predicted complement component 4A expression: effects on memory function and middle temporal lobe activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Donohoe ◽  
J. Holland ◽  
D. Mothersill ◽  
S. McCarthy-Jones ◽  
D. Cosgrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Complement Component ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractBackgroundThe longstanding association between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and schizophrenia (SZ) risk has recently been accounted for, partially, by structural variation at the complement component 4 (C4) gene. This structural variation generates varying levels ofC4RNA expression, and genetic information from the MHC region can now be used to predictC4RNA expression in the brain. Increased predictedC4ARNA expression is associated with the risk of SZ, andC4is reported to influence synaptic pruning in animal models.MethodsBased on our previous studies associating MHC SZ risk variants with poorer memory performance, we tested whether increased predictedC4ARNA expression was associated with reduced memory function in a large (n= 1238) dataset of psychosis cases and healthy participants, and with altered task-dependent cortical activation in a subset of these samples.ResultsWe observed that increased predictedC4ARNA expression predicted poorer performance on measures of memory recall (p= 0.016, corrected). Furthermore, in healthy participants, we found that increased predictedC4ARNA expression was associated with a pattern of reduced cortical activity in middle temporal cortex during a measure of visual processing (p< 0.05, corrected).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the effects ofC4on cognition were observable at both a cortical and behavioural level, and may represent one mechanism by which illness risk is mediated. As such, deficits in learning and memory may represent a therapeutic target for new molecular developments aimed at alteringC4’s developmental role.

Increased left posterior parietal–temporal cortex activation after d-fenfluramine in women with panic disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H Meyer ◽  
Richard Swinson ◽  
Sidney H Kennedy ◽  
Sylvain Houle ◽  
Gregory M Brown
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Posterior Parietal

A Functional Neuroimaging Description of Two Deep Dyslexic Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Price ◽  
D. Howard ◽  
K. Patterson ◽  
E. A. Warburton ◽  
K. J. Friston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Enhanced Activity ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Deep Dyslexia ◽  
The Right

Deep dyslexia is a striking reading disorder that results from left-hemisphere brain damage and is characterized by semantic errors in reading single words aloud (e.g., reading spirit as whisky). Two types of explanation for this syndrome have been advanced. One is that deep dyslexia results from a residual left-hemisphere reading system that has lost the ability to pronounce a printed word without reference to meaning. The second is that deep dyslexia reflects right-hemisphere word processing. Although previous attempts to adjudicate between these hypotheses have been inconclusive, the controversy can now be addressed by mapping functional anatomy. In this study, we demonstrate that reading by two deep dyslexic patients (CJ and JG) involves normal or enhanced activity in spared left-hemisphere regions associated with naming (Broca's area and the left posterior inferior temporal cortex) and with the meanings of words (the left posterior temporo-parietal cortex and the left anterior temporal cortex). In the right-hemisphere homologues of these regions, there was inconsistent activation within the normal group and between the deep dyslexic patients. One (CJ) showed enhanced activity (relative to the normals) in the right anterior inferior temporal cortex, the other (JG) in the right Broca's area, and both in the right frontal operculum. Although these differential right-hemisphere activations may have influenced the reading behavior of the patients, their activation patterns primarily reflect semantic and phonological systems in spared regions of the left hemisphere. These results preclude an explanation of deep dyslexia in terms of purely right-hemisphere word processing.

Motion verb sentences activate left posterior middle temporal cortex despite static context

Neuroreport ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Wallentin ◽  
Torben Ellegaard Lund ◽  
Svend ??stergaard ◽  
Leif ??stergaard ◽  
Andreas Roepstorff
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Motion Verb

scholarly journals A Cerebellar Internal Models Control Architecture for Online Sensorimotor Adaptation of a Humanoid Robot Acting in a Dynamic Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Claire Capolei ◽  
Nils Axel Andersen ◽  
Henrik Hautop Lund ◽  
Egidio Falotico ◽  
Silvia Tolu
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Sensorimotor Adaptation

scholarly journals Temporoparietal Junction Functional Connectivity in Early Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 247054701881523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Penner ◽  
Elizabeth A. Osuch ◽  
Betsy Schaefer ◽  
Jean Théberge ◽  
Richard W. J. Neufeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Middle Cingulate Cortex

Background The temporoparietal junction (TPJ) has been linked to lower-level attentional and higher-level social processing, both of which are affected in schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). We examined resting functional connectivity of bilateral anterior and posterior TPJ in SZ and MDD to evaluate potential anomalies in each disorder and differences between disorders. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 24 patients with SZ, 24 patients with MDD, and 24 age-matched healthy controls. We performed seed-based functional connectivity analyses with seed regions in bilateral anterior and posterior TPJ, covarying for gender and smoking. Results SZ had reduced connectivity versus controls between left anterior TPJ and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); between left posterior TPJ and middle cingulate cortex, left dorsal PFC, and right lateral PFC; between right anterior TPJ and bilateral PCC; and between right posterior TPJ and middle cingulate cortex, left posterior insula, and right insula. MDD had reduced connectivity versus controls between left posterior TPJ and right dlPFC and between right posterior TPJ and PCC and dlPFC. SZ had reduced connectivity versus MDD between right posterior TPJ and left fusiform gyrus and right superior-posterior temporal cortex. Conclusion Functional connectivity to the TPJ was demonstrated to be disrupted in both SZ and MDD. However, TPJ connectivity may differ in these disorders with reduced connectivity in SZ versus MDD between TPJ and posterior brain regions.

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