scholarly journals The East Asian gut microbiome is distinct from colocalized white subjects and connected to metabolic health

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yan Ang ◽  
Diana L Alba ◽  
Vaibhav Upadhyay ◽  
Jordan E Bisanz ◽  
Jingwei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Starting Point

East Asians experience worse metabolic health outcomes compared to other ethnic groups at lower body mass indices; however, the potential role of the gut microbiota in contributing to these health disparities remains unknown. We conducted a multi-omic study of 46 lean and obese East Asian and White participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area, revealing marked differences between ethnic groups in bacterial richness and community structure. White individuals were enriched for the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila. East Asian subjects had increased levels of multiple bacterial phyla, fermentative pathways detected by metagenomics, and the short-chain fatty acid end-products acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate. Differences in the gut microbiota between the East Asian and White subjects could not be explained by dietary intake, were more pronounced in lean individuals, and were associated with current geographical location. Microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice demonstrated stable diet- and host genotype-independent differences between the gut microbiotas of East Asian and White individuals that differentially impact host body composition. Taken together, our findings add to the growing body of literature describing variation between ethnicities and provide a starting point for defining the mechanisms through which the microbiome may shape disparate health outcomes in East Asians.

scholarly journals Differences in the gut microbiomes of distinct ethnicities within the same geographic area are linked to host metabolic health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yan Ang ◽  
Diana L. Alba ◽  
Vaibhav Upadhyay ◽  
Jordan E. Bisanz ◽  
Jingwei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract Background: The human gut microbiota exhibits marked variation around the world, which has been attributed to dietary intake and other environmental factors. However, the degree to which ethnicity-associated differences in gut microbial community structure and function are maintained following immigration or in the context of metabolic disease is poorly understood.Results: We conducted a multi-omic study of 46 lean and obese East Asian and White participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed significant differences between ethnic groups in bacterial richness and community structure. White individuals were enriched for the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila. East Asian participants had increased levels of multiple bacterial phyla, fermentative pathways detected by metagenomics, and the short-chain fatty acid end products acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate. Differences in the gut microbiota between the East Asian and White groups could not be explained by reported dietary intake, were more pronounced in lean individuals, and were associated with current geographical location. Microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice confirmed that the differences in the gut microbiota of the East Asian and White individuals we analyzed are independent of diet and that they differentially impact host body weight and adiposity in genetically identical mouse recipients.Conclusions: The reported findings emphasize the utility of studying diverse ethnic groups within a defined geographical location and provide a starting point for dissecting the mechanisms contributing to the complex interactions between the gut microbiome and ethnicity-associated lifestyle, demographic, metabolic, and genetic factors.

scholarly journals Differences in the gut microbiomes of distinct ethnicities within the same geographic area are linked to host metabolic health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yan Ang ◽  
Diana L. Alba ◽  
Vaibhav Upadhyay ◽  
Jordan E. Bisanz ◽  
Jingwei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Starting Point

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe human gut microbiota exhibits marked variation around the world, which has been attributed to dietary intake and other environmental factors. However, the degree to which ethnicity-associated differences in gut microbial community structure and function are maintained following immigration or in the context of metabolic disease is poorly understood.ResultsWe conducted a multi-omic study of 46 lean and obese East Asian (EA) and White (W) participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed significant differences between ethnic groups in bacterial richness and community structure. W individuals were enriched for the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila. EA participants had increased levels of multiple Bacteroidetes species, fermentative pathways detected by metagenomics, and the short-chain fatty acid end products acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate. Differences in the gut microbiota between the EA and W groups could not be explained by reported dietary intake, were more pronounced for lean individuals, and were associated with current geographical location. Microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice confirmed that the differences in the gut microbiota of the EA and W individuals we analyzed are indeed independent of diet and that they differentially impact host body weight and adiposity in genetically identical mouse recipients.ConclusionsThe reported findings emphasize the utility of studying diverse ethnic groups within a defined geographical location and provide a starting point for dissecting the mechanisms contributing to the complex interactions between the gut microbiome and ethnicity-associated lifestyle, demographic, metabolic, and genetic factors.

scholarly journals Differences in the Gut Microbiomes of Distinct Ethnicities Within the Same Geographic Area Are Linked to Host Metabolic Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yan Ang ◽  
Diana L Alba ◽  
Vaibhav Upadhyay ◽  
Jordan E. Bisanz ◽  
Jingwei Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract BackgroundThe human gut microbiota exhibits marked variation around the world, which has been attributed to dietary intake and other environmental factors. However, the degree to which ethnicity-associated differences in gut microbial community structure and function are maintained following immigration or in the context of metabolic disease is poorly understood.ResultsWe conducted a multi-omic study of 46 lean and obese East Asian (EA) and White (W) participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed significant differences between ethnic groups in bacterial richness and community structure. W individuals were enriched for the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila. EA participants had increased levels of multiple Bacteroidetes species, fermentative pathways detected by metagenomics, and the short-chain fatty acid end products acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate. Differences in the gut microbiota between the EA and W groups could not be explained by reported dietary intake, were more pronounced for lean individuals, and were associated with current geographical location. Microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice confirmed that the differences in the gut microbiota of the EA and W individuals we analyzed are indeed independent of diet and that they differentially impact host body weight and adiposity in genetically identical mouse recipients.ConclusionsThe reported findings emphasize the utility of studying diverse ethnic groups within a defined geographical location and provide a starting point for dissecting the mechanisms contributing to the complex interactions between the gut microbiome and ethnicity-associated lifestyle, demographic, metabolic, and genetic factors.

Clinical Profile and Health Disparities in a Multiethnic Cohort of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Butters ◽  
Caitlin R. Semsarian ◽  
Richard D. Bagnall ◽  
Laura Yeates ◽  
Fergus Stafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
East Asian ◽  
North African ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator

Background: Clinical studies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are over-represented by individuals of European ethnicity, with less known about other ethnic groups. We investigated differences between patients in a multiethnic Australian hypertrophic cardiomyopathy population. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 836 unrelated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy probands attending a specialized clinic between 2002 and 2020. Major ethnic groups were European (n=611), East Asian (n=75), South Asian (n=58), and Middle Eastern and North African (n=68). The minor ethnicity groups were Oceanian (n=9), People of the Americas (n=7), and African (n=8). One-way ANOVA with Dunnett post hoc test and Bonferroni adjustment were performed. Results: Mean age of the major ethnic groups was 54.9±16.9 years, and 527 (65%) were male. Using the European group as the control, East Asian patients had a lower body mass index (29 versus 25 kg/m 2 , P <0.0001). South Asians had a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (10% versus 31%, P =0.024). East Asians were more likely to have apical hypertrophy (23% versus 6%, P <0.0001) and Middle Eastern and North African patients more likely to present with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (46% versus 34%, P =0.0003). East Asians were less likely to undergo genetic testing (55% versus 85%, P <0.0001) or have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted (19% versus 36%, P =0.037). East Asians were more likely to have a causative variant in a gene other than MYBPC3 or MYH7 , whereas Middle Eastern and North African and South Asians had the highest rates of variants of uncertain significance (27% and 21%, P <0.0001). Conclusions: There are few clinical differences based on ethnicity, but importantly, we identify health disparities relating to access to genetic testing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use. Unless addressed, these gaps will likely widen as we move towards precision-medicine–based care of individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals Do East Asians With Normal Glucose Tolerance Have Worse β-Cell Function? A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Xiantong Zou ◽  
Qi Huang ◽  
Xueyao Han ◽  
Xianghai Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundThe difference in the relationship between β-cell function and insulin resistance among Africans, Caucasians and East Asians with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was not well investigated.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Web of Science with keywords and identified studies that used the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) model to evaluate β-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin sensitivity/resistance (HOMA-S/HOMA-IR) in certain ethnic groups. We used random-effect model to pool data of HOMAs and compared the combined data among the three ethnic groups using subgroup analysis. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the coefficient of HOMA-S on HOMA-B in these ethnic groups.ResultsWe evaluated pooled data of HOMAs in eight African, 26 Caucasian, and 84 East Asian cohorts with NGT, and also 2,392, 6,645 and 67,317 individuals, respectively. The three ethnic groups had distinct HOMA-B but similar HOMA-IR. The regression coefficient of lnHOMA-B on lnHOMA-S was different between Africans and Caucasians (−1.126 vs −0.401, P = 0.0006) or East Asian (−1.126 vs −0.586, P = 0.0087), but similar between Caucasians and East Asians (−0.401 vs −0.586, P = 0.1282). The coefficient in all ethnic groups was similar when age, BMI, and gender were adjusted (African vs Caucasian P = 0.0885, African vs East Asian P = 0.1092, and Caucasian vs East Asian P = 0.6298).ConclusionsIn subjects with NGT, East Asians had lower HOMA-B but similar β-cell response relative to insulin resistance with Caucasians and Africans when age, BMI, and gender were controlled. This result may challenge the allegation that there was an Asian-specific diabetes phenotype with worse β-cell function.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in a Russian Cohort of Pre- and Post-Cholecystectomy Female Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Irina Grigor’eva ◽  
Tatiana Romanova ◽  
Natalia Naumova ◽  
Tatiana Alikina ◽  
Alexey Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Before And After

The last decade saw extensive studies of the human gut microbiome and its relationship to specific diseases, including gallstone disease (GSD). The information about the gut microbiome in GSD-afflicted Russian patients is scarce, despite the increasing GSD incidence worldwide. Although the gut microbiota was described in some GSD cohorts, little is known regarding the gut microbiome before and after cholecystectomy (CCE). By using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we inventoried the fecal bacteriobiome composition and structure in GSD-afflicted females, seeking to reveal associations with age, BMI and some blood biochemistry. Overall, 11 bacterial phyla were identified, containing 916 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The fecal bacteriobiome was dominated by Firmicutes (66% relative abundance), followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Actinobacteria (8%) and Proteobacteria (4%) phyla. Most (97%) of the OTUs were minor or rare species with ≤1% relative abundance. Prevotella and Enterocossus were linked to blood bilirubin. Some taxa had differential pre- and post-CCE abundance, despite the very short time (1–3 days) elapsed after CCE. The detailed description of the bacteriobiome in pre-CCE female patients suggests bacterial foci for further research to elucidate the gut microbiota and GSD relationship and has potentially important biological and medical implications regarding gut bacteria involvement in the increased GSD incidence rate in females.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Changes in Captive Plateau Zokors (Eospalax baileyi)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 117693432199635
Author(s):  
Daoxin Liu ◽  
Pengfei Song ◽  
Jingyan Yan ◽  
Haijing Wang ◽  
Zhenyuan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Plateau Zokor

Wild-caught animals must cope with drastic lifestyle and dietary changes after being induced to captivity. How the gut microbiome structure of these animals will change in response receives increasing attention. The plateau zokor ( Eospalax baileyi), a typic subterranean rodent endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, spends almost the whole life underground and is well adapted to the environmental pressures of both plateau and underground. However, how the gut microbiome of the plateau zokor will change in response to captivity has not been reported to date. This study compared the microbial community structure and functions of 22 plateau zokors before (the WS group) and after being kept in captivity for 15 days (the LS group, fed on carrots) using the 16S rRNA gene via high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the LS group retained 973 of the 977 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the WS group, and no new OTUs were found in the LS group. The dominant bacterial phyla were Bacteroides and Firmicutes in both groups. In alpha diversity analysis, the Shannon, Sobs, and ACE indexes of the LS group were significantly lower than those of the WS group. A remarkable difference ( P < 0.01) between groups was also detected in beta diversity analysis. The UPGMA clustering, NMDS, PCoA, and Anosim results all showed that the intergroup difference was significantly greater than the intragroup difference. And compared with the WS group, the intragroup difference of the gut microbiota in the LS group was much larger, which failed to support the assumption that similar diets should drive convergence of gut microbial communities. PICRUSt revealed that although some functional categories displayed significant differences between groups, the relative abundances of these categories were very close in both groups. Based on all the results, we conclude that as plateau zokors enter captivity for a short time, although the relative abundances of different gut microbiota categories shifted significantly, they can maintain almost all the OTUs and the functions of the gut microbiota in the wild. So, the use of wild-caught plateau zokors in gut microbial studies is acceptable if the time in captivity is short.

scholarly journals Nanopore-Sequencing Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Melolontha melolontha Larvae: Contribution to Protection against Entomopathogenic Nematodes?

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Ewa Sajnaga ◽  
Marcin Skowronek ◽  
Agnieszka Kalwasińska ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽  
Karolina Ferenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha

This study focused on the potential relationships between midgut microbiota of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha larvae and their resistance to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infection. We investigated the bacterial community associated with control and unsusceptible EPN-exposed insects through nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla within the complex and variable midgut microbiota of the wild M. melolontha larvae. The core microbiota was found to include 82 genera, which accounted for 3.4% of the total number of identified genera. The EPN-resistant larvae differed significantly from the control ones in the abundance of many genera belonging to the Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales, and Clostridiales orders. Additionally, the analysis of the microbiome networks revealed different sets of keystone midgut bacterial genera between these two groups of insects, indicating differences in the mutual interactions between bacteria. Finally, we detected Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus as gut residents and various bacterial species exhibiting antagonistic activity against these entomopathogens. This study paves the way to further research aimed at unravelling the role of the host gut microbiota on the output of EPN infection, which may contribute to enhancement of the efficiency of nematodes used in eco-friendly pest management.

scholarly journals The effect of calorie intake, fasting, and dietary composition on metabolic health and gut microbiota in mice

BMC Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
Yuh Jiun Loh ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Chenhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Background Calorie restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF) can promote metabolic health through a process that is partially mediated by gut microbiota modulation. To compare the effects of CR and IF with different dietary structures on metabolic health and the gut microbiota, we performed an experiment in which mice were subjected to a CR or IF regimen and an additional IF control (IFCtrl) group whose total energy intake was not different from that of the CR group was included. Each regimen was included for normal chow and high-fat diet. Results We showed that in normal-chow mice, the IFCtrl regimen had similar positive effects on glucose and lipid metabolism as the CR regimen, but the IF regimen showed almost no influence compared to the outcomes observed in the ad libitum group. IF also resulted in improvements, but the effects were less marked than those associate with CR and IFCtrl when the mice were fed a high-fat diet. Moreover, CR created a stable and unique gut microbial community, while the gut microbiota shaped by IF exhibited dynamic changes in fasting-refeeding cycles. At the end of each cycle, the gut microbiota of the IFCtrl mice was similar to that of the CR mice, and the gut microbiota of the IF mice was similar to that of the ad libitum group. When the abundance of Lactobacillus murinus OTU2 was high, the corresponding metabolic phenotype was improved regardless of eating pattern and dietary structure, which might be one of the key bacterial groups in the gut microbiota that is positively correlated with metabolic amelioration. Conclusion There are interactions among the amount of food intake, the diet structure, and the fasting time on metabolic health. The structure and composition of gut microbiota modified by dietary regimens might contribute to the beneficial effects on the host metabolism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document