scholarly journals On the syntax and semantics of Spanish spatial prepositions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco-Alessio Ursini
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Spatial Prepositions ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Semantic Treatment

<p align="JUSTIFY">The goal of this paper is to offer a novel account on the Syntax and Semantics of Spanish Spatial Prepositions. This account is novel in at least three aspects. First, the account offers a unified syntactic analysis that covers understudied types of Spanish Spatial Prepositions (e.g. <em>en el centro de</em>, <em>junto y a la izquierda de</em>). Second, the account shows that such treatment can be extended to morphological phenomena, and can capture both their internal structure (e.g. <em>de-bajo</em>), and licensing patterns pertaining to argument demotion. The account also captures an alternation between "<em>a-</em>" (e.g. <em>alante</em>) and "<em>de-</em>" Prepositions<em> </em>(e.g. <em>debajo</em>), with respect to demotion, and is consistent with standard treatments of <em>where</em>-questions (<em>d&oacute;nde</em>, in Spanish). Third, the account offers a "direct compositionality" semantic treatment, in which the interpretation of Spanish Spatial Prepositions is directly "read off" from their structure. This account is shown to capture all the semantic data discussed in the paper (argument demotion, interaction of Prepositions with Verbs, coordinated Prepositions), and to successfully extend previous accounts of this category.</p> <p align="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;</p><br />

The semantic-syntactical structure of the apposition phrase

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Iryna Aribzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Syntactical Structure ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Simple Part ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Sentence Subject

The article is devoted to the semantic-syntactical structure of the appositive phrase in the Ukrainian language. The term “double name”is used for the demonstration of semantical parameteres of the apposition phrase. Two levels of syntactic analysis are considered: abstract-grammatical level (internal structure of the appositive word-combinations) and concrete-grammatical level (the function in sentence structure). The concrete-grammatical analysis indicates that appositional phrases in the sentence are: syntactically indivisible components that serve as a simple part of the sentence (subject, object). The conflict arises between formal analyticity and functional syntheticity. This conflict is caused by nominative features of double name (compound nouns indicates the same subject of objective reality). Therefore they can be referred to as the type of lexical (stable) word-combinations. Abstract-grammatical analysis leads to the conclusion that internal structure of the appositional phrase can express different semantic-syntactical relations between nouns: appositional relations or mutual appositional relations. The mutual appositional relations are peculiar to the majority of stylistically neutral double names. O. Peshkovskiy wrote about mutual relations between nouns. The differentiation of two relation types was done with the help of the semantic principle and predicate transformation method.

Moving OVER

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Dewell
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Spatial Prepositions ◽  
General Semantic

This article argues that OVER profiles the relation between a schematic path and a LM — even when it describes an objectively static scene. It situates OVER within the overall system of spatial prepositions in English, focusing primarily on the general semantic patterns that over shares with other route Ps (THROUGH, AROUND, ACROSS, …), i.e., prepositions that profile a path defined by its internal structure and location rather than by its endpoints. OVER thus contrasts systematically with locational Ps (IN, ON, ABOVE, IN FRONT OF, …) that profile the ordinary location of a trajector. These systematic contrasts consistently account for the differences between OVER and its paradigmatic alternatives. The analysis suggests adopting a more dynamic conception of a “semantic network” that consists mainly of interpretational processes that are shared with other expressions in the system.

scholarly journals On the polysemy of Spanish spatial Ps

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ursini ◽  
Adriano Giannella
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Spatial Prepositions ◽  
The Core ◽  
Logical Grammar ◽  
Semantic Treatment ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Specific Sense

The goal of this paper is to investigate the polysemy of Spanish spatial prepositions (a, en, hacia, among others), and offer a syntactic and semantic treatment of this phenomenon. The core idea behind this account is that these prepositions can denote sets of possible locations that are involved in spatial relations. Consequently, the compositional interaction of polysemous prepositions with other parts of speech can determine which specific sense emerges in a sentence. The analysis is couched in a Type-Logical Grammar approach. It addresses data that have not previously been analysed in the literature, involving so-called Boolean constructions (e.g. en la estación y la calle). Also, the paper shows that a single treatment can capture all the relevant data. Therefore, the analysis shows that polysemy is a grammar phenomenon that is better accounted for in architectures with a distinct syntactic/derivational component (e.g. Distributed Morphology), than in architectures lacking this component (e.g. Cognitive Linguistics approaches). Consequences for a theory of grammar are discussed.

scholarly journals Between Time and Discourse A Syntactic Analysis of Italian poi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cognola ◽  
Silvio Cruschina
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Logical Connective ◽  
Discourse Marker

In this article the different functions of Italian poi are described and analysed from a cartographic perspective. We show that in addition to its use as a temporal adverb (after, then), poi can be used as a temporal or logical connective adverb, as a discourse marker and as a modal particle. These functions can be correlated with different positions in the clause and with differences in the internal structure of the element itself. Finally, we identify the syntactic environments and sentence types in which poi occurs in its function as a modal particle, as well as the special interpretations that are associated with its presence.

scholarly journals Arabic Location Name Annotations and Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar ASBAYOU
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Word Sense ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Semantic Data ◽  
Linguistic Approach

This paper show how location named entity (LNE) extraction and annotation, which makes part of our named entity recognition (NER) systems, is an important task in managing the great amount of data. In this paper, we try to explain our linguistic approach in our rule-based LNE recognition and classification system based on syntactico-semantic patterns. To reach good results, we have taken into account morpho-syntactic information provided by morpho-syntactic analysis based on DIINAR database, and syntactico-semantic classification of both location name trigger words (TW) and extensions. Formally, different trigger word sense implies different syntactic entity structures. We also show the semantic data that our LNE recognition and classification system can provide to both information extraction (IE) and information retrieval(IR).The XML database output of the LNE system constituted an important resource for IE and IR. Future project will improve this processing output in order to exploit it in computerassisted Translation (CAT).

At the juncture between evidentiality and argumentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-68
Author(s):  
Johanna Miecznikowski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Evidential Argument ◽  
Reliable Procedure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Special Case

Abstract The contribution discusses the theoretical problem of the relationship between evidentiality and argumentative justification. Within a framework that combines semantic and syntactic analysis with a topics-based approach to argument schemes, it is argued that the functional domains of information source and argumentation overlap in utterances in which the former is linguistically marked, rather than entailed or implicated: explicit linguistic evidential marking is a special case of argumentation. The connection between a proposition and its source gives rise to a class of arguments from a reliable procedure that are similar to arguments from authority. When the indicated source is an inferential procedure (rather than direct experience or hearsay), the evidential argument may be combined with additional arguments that lay out part of that procedure. The particular case of inferential sources is illustrated by means of an analysis of weakly grammaticalized constructions in Italian, based on verbs of thought, communication and perception that relate a propositional complement to a subject NP or to source / place complements of the verb. The analysis shows that such further complements can either refine the categorization of the inferential source signalled by the verb, thereby contributing to the main argument from a reliable procedure, or express a premise that allows the hearer to reconstruct the internal structure of the procedure.

Properties of Romance object clitics

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Diego Pescarini
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Main Property ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Fixed Position ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
The Core ◽  
Object Clitics ◽  
Lexical Rules

The chapter deals with the core properties of clitics and aims to build the case for a syntactic analysis of cliticization. Phonologically, the main property of clitics is that they lack stress. Stress shift and other phonological processes (e.g. apocope, aphaeresis, and elision) confirm that clitics have a deficient prosodic status, which may trigger the extension of cyclic lexical rules to the post-lexical domain formed by the clitic and its prosodic host. The morphology of clitics challenges the customary idea that clitic elements lack a complex internal structure. Syntactically, clitics differ from free pronouns in many respects: they occur in a fixed position (set on a language-specific basis), and in most languages they must be close (or attached) to a verbal form. The displacement of clitics in the clause interacts with the behaviour of other syntactic elements, noticeably the verb, negation, and other clitic material.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

The internal structure of medullated wool

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Leo Barish
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Wool Fiber ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Thin Skin ◽  
Air Pockets

Although most of the wool used today consists of fine, unmedullated down-type fibers, a great deal of coarse wool is used for carpets, tweeds, industrial fabrics, etc. Besides the obvious diameter difference, coarse wool fibers are often medullated.Medullation may be easily observed using bright field light microscopy. Fig. 1A shows a typical fine diameter nonmedullated wool fiber, Fig. IB illustrates a coarse fiber with a large medulla. The opacity of the medulla is due to the inability of the mounting media to penetrate to the center of the fiber leaving air pockets. Fig. 1C shows an even thicker fiber with a very large medulla and with very thin skin. This type of wool is called “Kemp”, is shed annually or more often, and corresponds to guard hair in fur-bearing animals.

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