The semantic-syntactical structure of the apposition phrase

2017 ◽  
pp. 52-62
Author(s):  
Iryna Aribzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Syntactical Structure ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Simple Part ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Sentence Subject

The article is devoted to the semantic-syntactical structure of the appositive phrase in the Ukrainian language. The term “double name”is used for the demonstration of semantical parameteres of the apposition phrase. Two levels of syntactic analysis are considered: abstract-grammatical level (internal structure of the appositive word-combinations) and concrete-grammatical level (the function in sentence structure). The concrete-grammatical analysis indicates that appositional phrases in the sentence are: syntactically indivisible components that serve as a simple part of the sentence (subject, object). The conflict arises between formal analyticity and functional syntheticity. This conflict is caused by nominative features of double name (compound nouns indicates the same subject of objective reality). Therefore they can be referred to as the type of lexical (stable) word-combinations. Abstract-grammatical analysis leads to the conclusion that internal structure of the appositional phrase can express different semantic-syntactical relations between nouns: appositional relations or mutual appositional relations. The mutual appositional relations are peculiar to the majority of stylistically neutral double names. O. Peshkovskiy wrote about mutual relations between nouns. The differentiation of two relation types was done with the help of the semantic principle and predicate transformation method.

scholarly journals KONSTRUKSI SINTAKSIS KAIFIATUL IKHBAR DALAM AKAD IJAB KABUL PERNIKAHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muchlish Huda ◽  
Samsul Arifin ◽  
Miftakhul Ma’arif
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Legal Requirement ◽  
Marriage Contract

In the context of composing Arabic sentences, the rules of kaifiatul ikhbar are included in the rules which are basic and foundation. The kaifiatul ikhbar rules are formed from the composition of the mubtada and khobar and are used in various forms of sentences, including the sentence structure of the marriage consent. Accuracy in pronouncing the kabul marriage license sentence including the arrangement of the preacher and khobar becomes important considering this kabul consent will be a legal requirement or cancellation of a marriage contract. This study attempts to analyze and present several forms of kabul mariage agreement and syntactic analysis, especially in the kaida of kaifiatul ikhbar. By using a library approach and linguistic analysis from its syntactic aspects, the results of this study indicate that there are 11 forms of kaifiyatul ikhbar with various syntactic analysis specifications. This shows that the form of kaifiatul ikhbar in the marriage contract is actually not only one forms, but with a variety of sentence forms

Weak elements in cycles

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Jacopo Garzonio ◽  
Silvia Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Close Interaction ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
Linguistic Cycle

The diachronic development of Modern Italian pronouns, in particular of the 3pl dative loro ‘to them’ (Cardinaletti 2010; Egerland 2010), could be seen as the first step in a linguistic cycle in which elements become more and more structurally deficient, going from strong XPs, through weak deficient XPs, and finally to clitic X°s. However, historical data from Old Tuscan varieties show that there is much distributional instability and variation which is not easily accommodated in Cardinaletti and Starke’s (1999) tripartite typology. It will be claimed that the diachronic development of dative loro can be captured in terms of a close interaction between the internal structure of pronouns (where reanalysis as upward movement and the Head Preference Principle derive different degrees of structural deficiency), and general rules governing sentence structure.

scholarly journals INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE IN MINANGKABAU LANGUAGE: X-BAR THEORY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Dian Zelina Fitriyani ◽  
Dian Zelina Fitriyani
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Generative Syntax ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Grammatical Functions

This study discusses the grammatical function of the question words and the internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language. The study of this interrogative sentence structure applies X-bar theory as one of the generative syntax subtheories. The data is gained from the interview of Minangkabau language native speaker and analysed by using the distributional method. The result of the analysis shows that the question words for wh-question has two grammatical functions, specifier and complement. For yes-no question, the question word “iyonyo” has one grammatical function, that is complement. The internal structure of interrogative sentence in Minangkabau language is constructed by specifier, complement, and adverb. Key words: interrogative sentence, question word, Minangkabau language

scholarly journals AGAT-Syntax as component of computer-based Ukrainian grammar

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-102
Author(s):  
Nataliia Darchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Dependency Tree ◽  
Letter Code ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Syntactic Relations

Abstract: The article describes functional features of the syntactic module of computer-based Ukrainian grammar AGAT. This is a linguistic type of computer-aided syntactic analysis, which provides full information about syntactic units and categories, in particular, predicativity, coordinate and subordinate clauses, the categories of subject and predicate etc. The developed linguistic software provides syntactic analysis of a whole sentence in the form of a dependency tree and indicates the types of syntactic relations and links. The AGAT-syntax task is to identify all varieties of compatibility – predicative, subordinate, and coordinate – of each word in the text. The grammatical characteristics of the phrase directly depend on which part of the language its keyword belongs to. The lexical and grammatical nature of the word determines its compatibility to the other words. Accordingly, phrases can be divided into substantive, adjective, pronouns, numeral, verbal and adverbial. Computer sub-grammars of valencies of the said parts of the language are built by us on a single principle: a lexema is indicated, preposition that participates in government and a case of a substantive word form in the shape of a two-letter code. In theory, according to their composition words combinations (phrases) are divided into simple, complex and combined. Dependency tree is built from two elements – nodes and connections. Nodes are wordforms and connections are relationships between the main element (“master”) and dependent element (“slave”). It enables to describe a configuration, a form, external parameters of a sentence but this is not sufficient to describe a sentence structure. Thus, the syntactic analysis has two levels: the first one attributes to each binary pair a type of syntactic relationships on the level of morphological way of expression of a “master”; the second level attributes to the connection a type of syntactic relationships, which include: subjective, objective, attributive, adverbial, completive and appositive modifying.. In such a way, the cycle of automated syntactic analysis of Ukrainian texts is completed by determining the syntactic word-combination, identifying a type of syntactic link and a type of relationship. It provides full range of characteristics that can be used for systemic study of semantic and syntactic problems. Keywords: automated syntactic analysis, dependency tree, syntactic relations, syntactic links.

scholarly journals On Distributional Features of Adverbial Modifier of Manner in Typologically Different Languages: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Mirzayeva Intizar Gahraman
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Grammatical Functions

The study aims to analyze the distributional features of adverbial modifier of manner in two languages that are typologically and genealogically different: English and Azerbaijani. Although the issue has been focused in these languages separately from various angles including semantic, syntactic and prosodic perspectives, there is a gap in the domain of comparative studies. In this regard, syntax is of special importance. Syntactic analysis reveals that in the both languages sentence members are not distributed randomly. In other words, their distribution within the sentence is regulated by certain rules. Each of the sentence members, entering the sentence structure in the syntagmatic order, establishing coordination with sentence members coming before or after it, turns to the bearer of the intended semantic or grammatical functions. Analyses of grammatical forms of the sentences in the English and Azerbaijani sentences show that alongside the universal features which are common for the grammatical forms in sentences of each language, these languages possess distinctive features as well.

scholarly journals ANALISIS GRAMATIKA ALIH KODE DARI BAHASA INGGRIS KE BAHASA INDONESIA ATAU SEBALIKNYA

Diksi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margana
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Analyses ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

In Indonesia, switching from one language to another language is a commonphenomenon because Indonesian speakers are bilinguals. They use two or morelanguages, for example, Indonesian, English, or/and their own local language in a seriesof communication practices. With regard to the study of codeswitching, three perspectivescan be used. They include pragmatic, sociolinguistic, and linguistic analyses. Of the threeperspectives, analyzing codeswitching from a linguistic perspective seems to be interestingand challenging as the analysis gives an emphasis on the internal structure of thecodeswitching itself. This article deals with code switching from English to Indonesian orvice-versa analyzed from grammatical aspects as part of the linguistic analysis. It aims atreviewing the grammatical rules underlying the code-swictching.Keywords: code-switching, grammatical analysis

scholarly journals Restructuring and the Proper Syntactic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Im Hong-Pin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Sentence Subject

This paper aims to make it clear that syntactic analysis should be based on the lexical information given in the lexicon. For this purpose, lexical information of the syntactic argument is to be taken the form like [VP NKP, _, DKP, AKP] for the ditransitive verb give in English. The argument structure projects to syntactic structure. The NKP in this structure becomes VP-subject, but there is another subject called S-subject (Sentence-Subject) below S node. This amounts to Two-Subject Hypothesis for English. Between these two subjects, there intervene Conjugation-Like Elements, enriched by close examination of English verbal conjugation. Two-Subject Hypothesis perfectly accounts for peculiarities of the Expletive There (ET)construction. Restructuring can also explain the so-called Long Distance Wh-interrogative without introducing Wh-movement, and it can also explain why the imperative verbs are taking the base forms. It can also explain the characteristics of adjective imperatives by the same principles as applied to verbal imperatives. We try to deal with the other subtle problems, to get fruitful results. Restructuring approach, we think, provides more convincing explanations than the movement one.

Comparative Study on Traditional Commercial Block Transformation Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Chen Zheng ◽  
Yu Bo Gao
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Consumer Psychology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Jean Baudrillard ◽  
Experiential Consumption ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Historical Culture ◽  
Mutual Relations

With the development of economy, people are no longer satisfied with consumption patterns of simple items, but rather towards experiential consumption. French philosopher Jean Baudrillard said: "consumption is not only the consumption or use of goods, but also the consumption of experience self-worth." How to better and more effectively to modify traditional commercial blocks, making it the place of both inheritance of historical culture and can adapt to the contemporary experiential consumer psychology is a problem worth thinking deeply. This paper aims to make an integrated comparison in transformation principles and practices between developed countries traditional commercial blocks and successful cases in our country, summarizes the mutual relations and rules.

Accounting Narratives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey J. Riley ◽  
Alex C. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Bad News ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Conference Calls ◽  
Corporate Websites ◽  
The Government

Although accounting is typically seen as a numbers-oriented discipline, with an emphasis on quantifying economic events and activity, the nexus of language and accounting, specifically the role of language in communicating corporate accounting results, has received an increasing amount of attention in recent years. This is because quantified accounting results (e.g., earnings per share, sales revenue) are rarely communicated in isolation. Rather, they are usually accompanied by a non-quantitative narrative, such as an earnings press release, a corporate annual report, or the president’s letter, which, along with conference calls and content at corporate websites, we collectively refer to as “accounting narratives.” These narratives allow management to elaborate on and contextualize the financial performance of the company. However, because they are not as extensively regulated as the financial statements and are not standardized, these narratives can also be used by companies for impression-management purposes, to obfuscate (poor) performance and to “spin” the financial results to the companies’ favor. Research into accounting narratives dates back to 1952 and has focused on a wide variety of features of narratives and on how those features affect financial statement readers’ (most notably, investors’) reactions. The earliest studies focused on accounting narratives’ readability by performing a syntactic analysis to assess the cognitive difficulty of written passages. This line of research has found that accounting narratives are syntactically complex and difficult to read and that management intentionally makes bad news less readable in order to strain the readers’ cognitive processes and lead to lower comprehension of the bad news. In addition to this evidence of obfuscation, researchers have found support for managers engaging in attributional framing, which is the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to actions within the company and negative outcomes to actions external to the company (e.g., the government or the weather) in an effort to influence readers’ perception of good versus bad news. More recently, researchers have found that managers use syntactic (sentence structure), semantic (word meaning), and metasemantic (abstract versus concrete construal) manipulation and make broad stylistic choices such as emphasis, length, and scenario form. In terms of how those features affect the readers of the narratives, readers (most notably, investors) have been shown to respond to length and readability; level of negativity; words pertaining to risk, uncertainty, credibility, commitment, and responsibility; justifications of excuses of poor performance; optimistic and pessimistic tone; vivid versus pallid language; internal versus external attributions; and use of self-references.

Recognition of Tibetan Maximal-length Noun Phrases Based on Syntax Tree

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Congjun Long ◽  
Xuewen Zhou ◽  
Maoke Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Maximal Length ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Syntax Tree ◽  
Type Boundary

Frequently corresponding to syntactic components, the Maximal-length Noun Phrase (MNP) possesses abundant syntactic and semantic information and acts a certain semantic role in sentences. Recognition of MNP plays an important role in Natural Language Processing and lays the foundation for analyzing and understanding sentence structure and semantics. By comparing the essence of different MNPs, this article defines the MNP in the Tibetan language from the perspective of syntax tree. A total of 6,038 sentences are extracted from the syntax tree corpus, the structure type, boundary feature, and frequency of MNPs are analyzed, and the MNPs are recognized by applying the sequence tagging model and the syntactic analysis model. The accuracy, recall, and F1 score of the recognition results of applying sequence tagging model are 87.14%, 84.72%, and 85.92%, respectively. The accuracy, recall, and F1 score of the recognition results of applying syntactic analysis model are 87.66%, 87.63%, and 87.65%, respectively.

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