XXVIII Wherein Topa Inca Yupanque left the city of Cuzco to conquer the province of the Andes, and how he subjugated as much of it as he could, and of the things that happened to him there

1996 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Keyword(s):  
The Andes ◽  
The City

Majolica in the Early Colonial Andes: The Role of Panamanian Wares

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross W. Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

As one of the most common artifact categories found on Spanish colonial sites, the wheel-made, tin-glazed pottery known as majolica is an important chronological and social indicator for archaeologists. Initially imported from Europe, several manufacturing centers for majolica were set up in the New World by the late sixteenth century. The study of colonial majolica in the Viceroyalty of Peru, which encompassed much of South America, has received less attention than ceramic production and trade in the colonial Caribbean and Mesoamerica. Prior to 1650 the Viceroyalty of Peru was supplied with majolica largely produced in the city of Panama Vieja, on the Pacific. Panama Vieja majolica has been recovered from throughout the Andes, as far south as Argentina. Majolica made in Panama Vieja provides an important chronological indicator of early colonial archaeological contexts in the region. The reproduction of Iberian-style majolica for use on elite tables was symbolically important to the imposition of Spanish rule, and thus Panamanian majolicas also provide an important indicator of elite status on Andean colonial sites.

scholarly journals First record of Turdus ignobilis Sclater, 1857 (Aves: Turdidae) in the Andes of Ecuador

Check List ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ordóñez-Delgado ◽  
Adrian Orihuela-Torres ◽  
Fabián Reyes-Bueno ◽  
Daniel Rosado
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The City

We present the first record of the Black-billed Thrush (Turdus ignobilis) in Loja city, Ecuadorian Andes. The bird was recorded in August and September 2015 in Jipiro Park, north of the city, at an elevation of 2,074 m. This increases this species’ altitudinal range in Ecuador by at least 540 m. The presence of the Black-billed Thrush in Loja shows that the valley of the Zamora River allows some species to move from the eastern lowlands to this region of the country.

Small animal species in the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in tropical Bolivia

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
R.T. Paterson ◽  
F. Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
The West ◽  
North West ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
The City

In the Bolivian Department of Santa Cruz, the Provinces of Sara and Ichilo lie some 100 km North-West of the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, where they occupy an area of about 21,000 km2. Most of the region is a flat, alluvial plain, 350-450 m above sea level, with young soils prone to localized, seasonal waterlogging, although the land becomes undulating and rises to 800 m as it approaches the foothills of the Andes to the west. The soils are moderately fertile with pH values often in the range of 4.5 to 5.5.

Hazard assessment of landslide-prone areas on highly weathered dunite rock in Bello Oriente, Medellín, Colombia (Project Inform@Risk)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Breuninger ◽  
Moritz Gamperl ◽  
Kurosch Thuro
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Landslide Early Warning ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
The City

<p>The project Inform@Risk, a collaboration of German and Colombian Universities and Institutes funded by the German government, aims to install a landslide early warning system in the informal settlements in Medellín, Colombia. In the recent past the city has suffered from multiple landslides, some of them with up to 500 casualties. The informal settlements in the steep slopes at the city borders grow rapidly, which destabilizes the ground and complicates the installation and operation of an early warning system. Therefore, key goal of the project is to include the community in the process of the development of the early warning system.</p><p>Medellín is embedded in the Aburrá Valley in the Cordillera Central of the Andes. The region around the city consists of different triassic and cretaceous metamorphic rocks and magmatic batholites and plutonites. Especially the north-eastern slope is prone to landslides, as it is very steep and made up of a deep cover of soil over highly weathered dunite rock.</p><p>During the first field trip, carried out in August 2019, former landslide areas were located, and ERT-measurements were conducted at the study site Bello Oriente in the northeast of Medellín. After a first evaluation of the findings, the soil cover seems to be over 50 m high in the middle of the slope, which indicates a deep-seated landslide, that might have been moving downhill very slowly for thousands of years. The more dangerous landslides however, which are much faster, are the shallow ones on the surface. These landslides can appear on top of each other and are distributed across the whole study area but are most concentrated between and above the last houses of the barrio. During a second field campaign in 2020, the ERT-profiles will be calibrated and complemented by drillings and the hazard map will be completed accordingly.</p>

scholarly journals Evidences, Methodologies, Analysis, and the Joy of Historical Research: An Interview with Noble David Cook

Histórica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Adrián Lerner Patrón
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social History ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Colonial Latin America ◽  
The Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The City

Noble David Cook is a leading historian of the demographic and social history of the Andes and the Atlantic World. In this interview, he discusses the origins of his interest in the histories of Peru, the Andes, and the Iberian Atlantic; the methodological approaches that influenced his work; how he sees the evolution, present and future of the fields of demographic history and Colonial Latin America; the role of the archive in his career; his vital and intellectual links with the city of Sevilla; his collaborations with his wife Alexandra Parma Cook; his long history of engagement with Peruvian scholars; and his perspectives on the current COVID-19 crisis.

scholarly journals Herramientas de aprendizaje para favorecer la educación ambiental. Caso de estudio Fundación Niños de Los Andes sede Manizales, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Gloria Yaneth Flórez-Yepes ◽  
Alejandro Rincón-Santamaría ◽  
Pablo Santiago Cardona ◽  
Felipe Antonio Gallego
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
And Control ◽  
The City

This article is part of the results of a research project whose objective was to formulate a strategy for environmental awareness for children and adolescents of the Fundación Niños de Los Andes (Children of the Andes Foundation) in the city of Manizales, Colombia. The methodological process was a quantitative and descriptive approach, using the survey as a tool for information gathering and the SPSS tool for systematization. A later discussion of the results was performed, and it determined the best way to approach the environmental education in children. The main conclusion was that the best strategy for acceptance of environmental education in children is to develop practical workshops that enable them to know, through real cases, environmental issues and ways of approach to prevent these issues, mitigate them, and control them.

The Tupac Amaru Rebellion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Walker
Keyword(s):  
Local Authority ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Lake Titicaca ◽  
Textile Mills ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
Total War ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
The City

The Tupac Amaru Rebellion raged across the Andes from 1780 to 1783. Centered in southern Peru, from Cuzco to Lake Titicaca, it also allied with the Katarista uprisings in Upper Peru (Bolivia). In addition, revolts inspired by Tupac Amaru took place in what became Argentina, Chile, and Colombia. José Gabriel Condorcanqui was a kuraka or ethnic intermediary in three small towns sixty miles south of Cuzco and a merchant who worked the Cuzco to Potosí circuit. Well educated and bilingual (Spanish and Quechua), he claimed lineage from the Incas, thus the Tupac Amaru (e.g., Tupa or Túpac, Amaro) name. His wife, Micaela Bastidas, was an important commander in the uprising, overseeing the rebel base in Pampamarca and logistics. The rebellion began in November 1780 when Tupac Amaru seized and executed a local authority, the corregidor Antonio Arriaga. Tupac Amaru organized his indigenous followers and attacked other corregidors, ransacked haciendas, and razed the hated obrajes, or textile mills. He claimed to be fighting in the name of the King of Spain. He and Micaela sought a multiethnic and multiclass alliance, recruiting not only Indians but also mestizos, blacks, Creoles, and “good” Spaniards. Tupac Amaru returned from the Lake Titicaca in late 1780 to lay siege to the city of Cuzco, Peru’s second-largest city and still considered the by many to be the “Inca capital.” Although he surrounded Cuzco with tens of thousands of troops, the rebels could not take the city. The royalists received important reinforcements from Lima in early January. After three months of intense fighting, they captured Tupac Amaru, Micaela Bastidas, and much of their inner circle in April 1781, executing them in a gruesome public ritual in Cuzco’s central plaza on 17 May. Led by Tupac Amaru’s cousin, Diego Cristóbal Tupac Amaru, their son Mariano, and another relative, the rebellion continued for two years, centered in the area around Lake Titicaca. The rebellion became more of a caste or total war as neither side took prisoners. The exhausted rebel leaders signed an armistice in early 1783, but hardline royalists broke the treaty and executed Diego Cristóbal in even more horrific fashion than Tupac Amaru and Micaela Bastidas. Tupac Amaru became a hero in Peru. He became even more famous in 1968 when General Velasco Alvarado’s military regime made Tupac Amaru its icon. The Tupamaro (Uruguay) and MRTA (Peru) guerrilla groups as well as the rapper Tupac Amaru Shakur are named after him.

scholarly journals Urbanization, Touristification and Verticality in the Andes: A Profile of Huaraz, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6438
Author(s):  
Domenico Branca ◽  
Andreas Haller
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The City

Mountain cities specializing in tourism increasingly aim at valorizing cultural and natural heritage to compete for global attention. In this context, the postmodern urbanization of mountains plays a decisive role: driven by touristification processes, it alters the sociospatial and economic configuration of mountain cities and their hinterlands, which are becoming vertically arranged “operational landscapes”, and profoundly changes city–mountain interactions. To foster sustainable development in urbanizing mountain destinations, it is crucial to understand these settlements’ embeddedness in both (1) nature and culture and (2) space and time. The Andean city of Huaraz is a case in point: an intermediate center in highland Peru, it is characterized by a strategic location in the Callejón de Huaylas (Santa Valley), influenced by Hispanic and Quechua culture and dominated by the glaciers of the Cordillera Blanca. Combining (1) a theoretical framework that considers planetary urbanization, touristification and vertical complementarity and (2) a case study technique inspired by urban environmental profiles, we trace the development of the city–mountain relation in Huaraz, focusing on the way in which the material and non-material dimensions of the surrounding mountains influence urban development. We conclude with a call for overcoming a set of three persisting dichotomies that continue to impair sustainable development.

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