scholarly journals Ambivalence in International Dialogue: Implications for Diplomatic Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsiyya Mustafayeva ◽  
Astrid Schnitzer-Skjønsberg
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Diplomatic Training

Diplomats are civil servants who represent their governments abroad. By the nature of their work, diplomats work in multicultural environments. Working in intercultural settings can involve grey areas, paradoxes, and a wide range of emotions. This article analyzes how diplomats construct their professional identity, how they approach intercultural diversity and how they manage ambivalence. Qualitative interviews with senior diplomats as well as a review of literature from multiple disciplines indicate that it is vital for diplomats to be highly skilled in self-management; in building and maintaining relationships; and in operating in intercultural environments. We argue that it is essential to include these emotional, social, and cultural competences in diplomatic training so that diplomats may become effective bridge-builders. This will be particularly relevant for a diplomat whose country is currently involved in a conflict with another country, as well as for diplomats who work in the context of a political conflict. 

scholarly journals Factors influencing self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Dao ◽  
Catherine Spooner ◽  
Winston Lo ◽  
Mark F. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Four Levels

Many Australian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) do not follow recommended self-management behaviours that could prevent or delay complications. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the factors influencing self-management of T2DM in general practice. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with patients with T2DM (n = 10) and their GPs (n = 4) and practice nurses (n = 3) in a low socioeconomic area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The interviews were analysed thematically using the socio-ecological model as a framework for coding. Additional themes were derived inductively based on the explicitly stated meaning of the text. Factors influencing self-management occurred on four levels of the socio-ecological model: individual (e-health literacy, motivation, time constraints); interpersonal (family and friends, T2DM education, patient-provider relationship); organisational (affordability, multidisciplinary care); and community levels (culture, self-management resources). Multi-level strategies are needed to address this wide range of factors that are beyond the scope of single services or organisations. These could include tailoring health education and resources to e-health literacy and culture; attention to social networks and the patient–provider relationship; and facilitating access to affordable on-site allied health services.

scholarly journals Effects of self-management education programmes on self-efficacy for osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Uritani ◽  
Hitoshi Koda ◽  
Sho Sugita
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Enhancing self-efficacy to manage symptoms and functions is an important aspect of self-management for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Many reports have investigated the effects of self-management education programmes for arthritis patients. However, a study that exclusively focuses on patients with OA in the same joints is required to clarify the effects of self-management programmes because individuals with knee OA experience physical and psychological difficulties different from those experienced by individuals with other arthritis diseases. Furthermore, previous studies have reported a wide range of delivery styles of self-management education programmes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of group-based and face-to-face self-management education programmes conducted by health professionals targeting self-efficacy for knee OA exclusively. Methods The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PEDro databases were searched to identify quantitative measures used in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of self-management education programmes targeting self-efficacy in patients with knee OA. We included studies in which medical professional-delivered self-management education programmes were conducted in a group-based and face-to-face manner in community or outpatient settings. Results Seven RCTs from five countries were included in this review. Our retrieved studies included various types of self-management education programmes such as cognitive behavioural counselling, pain management education, physical education, weight management education, and arthritis self-efficacy management education, and control arms. They assessed various aspects of self-efficacy, including pain, physical function, arthritis symptoms excluding pain, weight management, mobility, and self-regulation. The total score of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale was also measured. Some studies have reported beneficial effects of group-based and face-to-face self-management education programmes on self-efficacy for management of pain and other symptoms and for self-regulatory, knee OA. However, the results of the included studies were varied and inconsistent. Conclusions The current review only included seven studies, and there was a wide range of clinical heterogeneity among these studies. Thus, the effects of group-based and face-to-face self-management education programmes conducted by health professionals on self-efficacy for knee OA exclusively are inconclusive to date. Therefore, high-quality studies are required to provide significant information on clinicians, patients, and healthcare professionals in the future.

Behavioral Referents for Molar Ratings of Heterosocial Skill

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stephen Royce
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Behavioral Cues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Highly Skilled

A linear modeling technique was used to identify valid behavioral referents of molar heterosocial skill ratings in both men and women. Videotapes of the heterosocial interactions of 30 men and 30 women representing a wide range of skill were shown to untrained peers who made molar heterosocial skill ratings and supplied lists of the behavioral cues they believed to be useful in discriminating skillful and unskillful subjects. The most widely endorsed cues were then scored for their rates of occurrence in the target subjects' interactions, and multiple regression analyses were used to construct linear models of behavioral referents for the molar heterosocial skill ratings. Highly skilled men were those who kept their gaze up, asked questions, and used appropriate hand gestures. Highly skilled women were those who kept their gaze up, made eye contact, and avoided speaking too softly.

scholarly journals Professional characteristics of an educator: A survey of literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
J. Anitha ◽  
R. Krishnaveni
Keyword(s):  
Student Outcome ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
New Model ◽  
Professional Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Made In ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Literature has shown that various studies have dealt with different professional features of teaching and they have focused on one or few professional characteristics of educators. In spite of the immense amount of literature on educator characteristics, a comprehensive study that would encompass the vital professional characteristics of an educator in total is lacking. This has instigated the researcher to take up the study to identify the professional characteristics of an educator. An attempt was made in identifying the educators' characteristics using student outcome as a boundary criterion to select the characteristics from among several that are available in the literature. Therefore, a new model of professional characteristics of educators was proposed. This paper discusses in detail, the characteristics of a profession in general and the wide range of educator’s characteristics as studied in previous researches. The paper presents a wide scope for the models developed to be studied in depth to appreciate and investigate more about the professional characteristics identified through this review of literature. The models may also be tested empirically for further accumulation of knowledge in the field.

scholarly journals Putting them on a strong spiritual path: Indigenous doulas responding to the needs of Indigenous mothers and communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Cidro ◽  
Caroline Doenmez ◽  
Stephanie Sinclair ◽  
Alexandra Nychuk ◽  
Larissa Wodtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective In the past few years, increasing numbers of Indigenous doula collectives have been forming across Canada. Indigenous doulas provide continuous, culturally appropriate support to Indigenous women during pregnancy, birth, and the post-partum period. This support is critical to counter systemic medical racism and socioeconomic barriers that Indigenous families disproportionately face. This paper analyzes interviews with members of five Indigenous doula collectives to demonstrate their shared challenges, strategies, and missions. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with members of five Indigenous doula collectives across Canada in 2020. Interviews were transcribed and returned to participants for their approval. Approved transcripts were then coded by all members of the research team to ascertain the dominant themes emerging across the interviews. Results Two prominent themes emerged in the interviews. The first theme is “Indigenous doulas responding to community needs.” Participants indicated that responding to community needs involves harm reduction and trauma-informed care, supporting cultural aspects of birthing and family, and helping clients navigate socioeconomic barriers. The second theme is “Indigenous doulas building connections with mothers.” Participants’ comments on providing care to mothers emphasize the importance of advocacy in healthcare systems, boosting their clients’ confidence and skills, and being the “right” doula for their clients. These two inter-related themes stem from Indigenous doulas’ efforts to counter dynamics in healthcare and social services that can be harmful to Indigenous families, while also integrating cultural teachings and practices. Conclusion This paper illustrates that Indigenous doula care responds to a wide range of issues that affect Indigenous women’s experiences of pregnancy, birth, and the post-partum period. Through building strong, trusting, and non-judgemental connections with mothers and responding to community needs, Indigenous doulas play a critical role in countering medical racism in hospital settings and advancing the resurgence of Indigenous birthing sovereignty.

scholarly journals Creating Gameful Design in mHealth: A Participatory Co-Design Approach (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stian Jessen ◽  
Jelena Mirkovic ◽  
Cornelia M Ruland
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Look ◽  
Mhealth Apps

BACKGROUND Gameful designs (gamification), using design pieces and concepts typically found in the world of games, is a promising approach to increase users’ engagement with, and adherence to, electronic health and mobile health (mHealth) tools. Even though both identifying and addressing users’ requirements and needs are important steps of designing information technology tools, little is known about the users’ requirements and preferences for gameful designs in the context of self-management of chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to present findings as well as the applied methods and design activities from a series of participatory design workshops with patients with chronic conditions, organized to generate and explore user needs, preferences, and ideas to the implementation of gameful designs in an mHealth self-management app. METHODS We conducted three sets of two consecutive co-design workshops with a total of 22 participants with chronic conditions. In the workshops, we applied participatory design methods to engage users in different activities such as design games, scenario making, prototyping, and sticky notes exercises. The workshops were filmed, and the participants’ interactions, written products, ideas, and suggestions were analyzed thematically. RESULTS During the workshops, the participants identified a wide range of requirements, concerns, and ideas for using the gameful elements in the design of an mHealth self-management app. Overall inputs on the design of the app concerned aspects such as providing a positive user experience by promoting collaboration and not visibly losing to someone or by designing all feedback in the app to be uplifting and positive. The participants provided both general inputs (regarding the degree of competitiveness, use of rewards, or possibilities for customization) and specific inputs (such as being able to customize the look of their avatars or by having rewards that can be exchanged for real-world goods in a gift shop). However, inputs also highlighted the importance of making tools that provide features that are meaningful and motivating on their own and do not only have to rely on gameful design features to make people use them. CONCLUSIONS The main contribution in this study was users’ contextualized and richly described needs and requirements for gamefully designed mHealth tools for supporting chronic patients in self-management as well as the methods and techniques used to facilitate and support both the participant’s creativity and communication of ideas and inputs. The range, variety, and depth of the inputs from our participants also showed the appropriateness of our design approach and activities. These findings may be combined with literature and relevant theories to further inform in the selection and application of gameful designs in mHealth apps, or they can be used as a starting point for conducting more participatory workshops focused on co-designing gameful health apps.

OP348 Assessing The Potential Value Of Wearable Digital Health Technologies In Chronic Kidney Disease Using Early Health Technology Assessment Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Vijay S. Gc ◽  
Andrea Manca ◽  
Alexander J. Casson ◽  
Steven Antrobus ◽  
Cynthia Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Early Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Early Health

IntroductionWearable digital health technologies (WDHTs) offer several solutions in terms of disease monitoring, management and delivery of specific interventions. In chronic conditions, WDHTs can be used to support individuals’ self-management efforts, potentially improving adherence to (and outcomes resulting from) interventions. Early health technology assessment (HTA) methods can inform considerations about the potential clinical and economic benefits of technology in the initial phases of the product's lifecycle, facilitating identification of those Research & Development (R&D) investments with the greatest potential stakeholders’ payoff. We report our experience of using early HTA methods to support R&D decisions relating to novel WDHT being designed to support self-management of chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsWe performed a literature review, focus-group interviews with patients, and qualitative interviews with the prototype development team to understand the relevant characteristics of WDHTs, quantify relevant clinical indications and existing technological constraints. An early economic evaluation was used to identify the key drivers of value for money, and a discrete choice experiment shed light onto patient preferences towards what key features the WDHT should have for the users to adopt it. Then a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken incorporating headroom analysis, return on investment, one-way sensitivity analysis and scenario analyses using data from secondary sources.ResultsThe review of the literature, focus groups with CKD patients, and qualitative interviews with technology developers helped to understand relevant characteristics of WDHT and user preferences helped inform the next R&D iteration. Compared to the standard care, WDHT that support stage ≥3 CKD patients self-management at home by measuring blood pressure and monitor mobility has the potential to be cost-effective at conventional cost-effectiveness threshold levels. From the headroom analysis, novel WDHT can be priced up to GBP280 (EUR315, USD360) and still be cost-effective compared to standard home blood pressure monitoring.ConclusionsOur study provides valuable information for the further development of the WDHT, such as defining a go/no-go decision, as well as providing a template for performing early HTA of Digital Health Interventions.

Branding’s academic–practitioner gap: managers’ views

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Alpert ◽  
Mark Brown ◽  
Elizabeth Ferrier ◽  
Claudia Fernanda Gonzalez-Arcos ◽  
Rico Piehler
Keyword(s):  
Brand Management ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Marketing Managers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Branding Strategies ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to investigate marketing managers’ views on the existence and nature of the academic–practitioner gap in the branding domain. Design/methodology/approach Using a purposive sampling method, the researchers conduct semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 experienced marketing managers from a wide range of industries and organisations, whose roles are focussed on the planning, implementation and management of broad marketing and branding strategies. Findings Branding practitioners have little or no contact with academics and their theories-in-use with regard to brand management suggest they do not consider academic research relevant to their work. Research limitations/implications The process of describing and explaining the gap provides valuable insights into bridging the gap; it provides actionable branding strategies that include raising awareness, building relationships, improving the benefits offer and communicating more effectively. Practical implications This research has practical implications for branding academics. The interviewed practitioners confirm the gap, viewing it as academics’ (not practitioners’) problem and responsibility. They characterise it as a branding problem that academics can overcome using branding strategies, to establish themselves as credible sources of branding expertise for practitioners. Key areas for increasing collaboration stem from practitioners’ desire for independent, credible, ethical and timely third-party advice on branding issues; relevant, timely and shorter professional branding education across their organisations; and closer connections with universities to identify new branding talent and ideas. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to empirically examine and recommend solutions to the academic-practitioner gap in the branding domain by studying marketing professionals with branding responsibilities, using in-depth interviews.

Resistance to Colonial Conservation and Resource Management

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Beinart ◽  
Lotte Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Popular Resistance ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Agrarian Systems

In the remaining chapters we will focus increasingly on the response by colonized people to competition for, and commodification of, conquered environments. Political conflict over natural resources had deep historical roots in the Empire, and these issues were not resolved by dominion status for the British settler states nor decolonization after the Second World War. They fed into the politics of decolonization and into environmental debates within and beyond the post-colonial Commonwealth. Subsequent chapters traverse the moment of decolonization and explore elements of late twentieth-century political ecology. In South Asia and Africa state attempts to control and regulate natural resources changed power relations in the countryside and triggered popular resistance. Through conquest or annexation, some colonial and protectorate governments not only alienated large swathes of territory, but also assumed responsibility for and asserted rights over the natural environment. The governments of settler states moved to protect environments from careless settlers who ransacked it for wildlife or timber, and from indigenous peoples whose land-management systems were regarded as destructive. In some cases conservators recognized that European settlers wreaked more havoc than indigenes; Sim said of the Cape forests that the ‘Hottentot and Bushman inhabitants … were not intentionally destructive … But the advent of European civilization boded greater ill to the forests, and rapidly enough that ill has been accomplished.’ And some, such as Howard, saw value in local agrarian systems. But although regulation could affect all colonial subjects, it tended to bear most heavily on indigenous people. Colonial governments introduced policies of excluding humans from protected areas, as well as a wide range of other measures aimed at curbing customary user rights and maximizing state revenue. Stiff penalties were introduced to punish those who broke the new regulations, and thus the rise of bureaucratic conservationism often led to the criminalization of local resource extractors. In settler colonies the privatization of land transformed socio-environmental relationships, barring local communities from accessing resources they had long regarded as communally held and managed. In some early colonial settlements, this process echoed the enclosures of common land in eighteenth-century England. At a fundamental level it changed the value people placed upon land, setting in train a process towards individualized tenure, commercialization, and subdivision of territory.

Professional Identity

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-246
Author(s):  
Aaron Ackerley
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Newspaper Industry ◽  
Fourth Estate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
British Press ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

This chapter surveys changing notions of professional identity in the twentieth-century British press. The term ‘journalist’ is highly contested, covering a wide range of figures with different forms of experience and training as well as a wide range of roles within and beyond news organisations. Journalism has also lacked the clearly defined rules of practice and established pathways into the occupation evident in other careers that are classed as professions, such as medicine and law. By exploring key topics such as continuities from the nineteenth-century press, the rise of professionalism and journalists’ associations and unions, the myth of the ‘Fourth Estate’ and struggles over press regulation, and the impact of digitisation, this chapter explains how notions of professional identity within journalism have changed in response to wider social and cultural changes and changes within the newspaper industry itself. These topics are also explored in short case study, focused on the Guardian.

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