The Forces that Push and Pull

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-38
Author(s):  
Nimisha Barton
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Large City ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Labor Recruitment ◽  
Push And Pull

This chapter retraces the trajectories of foreign-born men, women, and children driven out of their homelands and directed into French factories and fields by employers and labor recruitment organizations before, during, and after the Great War. It follows immigrants to the two lively melting-pot neighborhoods in Paris where they settled in greatest numbers between the wars and into the Occupation. It also looks at the lived experience of immigrants that observed how gender, marriage, and family that shaped the ways migrants moved through provincial France in search of work. The chapter discusses France's northern, eastern, and southern departments that drew large numbers of seasonal border migrants from Belgium, Italy, and Spain. It refers to migrant laborers that concentrated in mining areas of the Pas-de-Calais region after the war, as well as large city centers like Marseille or Lyon and its industrial peripheries.

Family, love, marriage and migration: the push and pull of private life

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. James Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Love Stories ◽  
Transnational Marriages ◽  
Love Marriage ◽  
Family Breakdown ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Push And Pull

This chapter explores ways in which the dynamics of love, marriage and family have shaped experiences and stories voiced by modern migrants. It focuses on the darker and brighter sides of migration and private life, where twin influences of migration and emotionally driven events are difficult to disentangle. These cases provide stark evidence of how modern migration became more discretionary, facilitating decisions to change countries for love – or for loss of love. Even the darker stories suggest migration could provide relief from the pain of family breakdown and divorce possibly due to resilience born of the challenges of adaptation to new countries. Transnational child custody cases and the complications of transnational marriages add further dimensions of complexity. Stories of close-knit but fractured families across three countries, with complex emotional histories, reveal equally complex understandings of the idea of ‘home’ as sanctuary, which owes something to changing attitudes to mobility. The final section, ‘Making the heart grow fonder: transnational love stories’, explores two women’s accounts in which emotions drove transnational love stories in striking ways, one over nearly half a century. All the stories mark a new trend of discretionary migration in an age of affluence.

The Lived Experience of Marriage and Family Therapy Doctoral Graduates: A Phenomenological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-461
Author(s):  
Juliene Lemon ◽  
Jessica Pladsen ◽  
Sara Tawill ◽  
Lauren Clayton-Wood ◽  
Heather Morgan-Sowada
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Marriage And Family Therapy ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Doctoral Graduates

Mechanical Turk and the gig economy: exploring differences between gig workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa G. Keith ◽  
Peter Harms ◽  
Louis Tay
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Work Units ◽  
Regular Work ◽  
Push And Pull

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an investigation of how different types of gig workers engage in the gig economy. Specifically, the authors distinguish between workers who view gig work as primary income (or not) and those workers who view it as a job (or not). Design/methodology/approach In total, 1,190 Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers completed surveys across two studies examining whether types of workers differ based on demographic characteristics, utilization of MTurk, why they participate in the gig economy on MTurk (i.e. push and pull factors) and how this impacts life satisfaction. Findings Workers relying on MTurk as a primary income had lower incomes and spent more time completing large numbers of work units. This group of workers also reported fewer pull factors (e.g. enjoyment) as a reason for working in the gig economy and had lower levels of self-reported current and predicted future life satisfaction. Individuals who view MTurk as a job were more likely to treat MTurk like a job – engaging in online communities and having a regular work schedule. These workers were more likely to report pull factors (e.g. enjoyment and challenge) and did not differ on life satisfaction. Originality/value The current research contributes to our understanding of MTurk, one of the largest online platforms for gig work, as part of the diverse gig economy and highlights potential areas for future research.

scholarly journals Border Residents’ Perceptions of Crime and Security in El Paso, Texas

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Castañeda ◽  
Casey Chiappetta
Keyword(s):  
El Paso ◽  
Large City ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Perceptions Of Crime ◽  
Official Crime ◽  
The U.S

Research has continued to show the overall safety of the U.S. border region contrary to the widespread belief about the insecurity of the U.S.-Mexico border and frequent claims for the need to secure the border in order to prevent the spread of violence into the rest of the country. Rarely do we ask how border residents feel about safety and crime, which could shed significant light on the claims that the border is an insecure warzone posing a threat to the entire country. While calls to secure national borders are common, outsiders’ perceptions of an unsafe border are not supported by official crime rates and statistics, Border Patrol apprehensions, or the everyday experiences of people in American cities along the U.S.-Mexico border. This paper investigates the perception of crime and security, as expressed by the residents of El Paso, Texas, a large city located along the U.S.-Mexico border and directly across from Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. Data come from a National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded survey that asked 919 residents about their perceptions of crime, sense of security and safety in their neighborhood and the city in general. The results show that the overwhelming majority of border city residents feel safe and that those who are undocumented and raised in El Paso are the most likely to report feeling safe or very safe. We also find that the foreign-born population had a statistically significant lower felony conviction rate than those who were U.S.-born, an important qualifier in discussions over immigration and its connection with violence and crime. Contrary to sensationalized claims about border violence, residents of El Paso do not display any of the sense of insecurity experienced in neighboring Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. We present hypotheses about possible causes for these low levels of violence in the U.S.-side of the border and discuss the dissonance between the reality on the border and perception outside of the border region.

SLAVERY AND ITS TRANSFORMATION IN THE KINGDOM OF KONGO: 1491–1800

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA M. HEYWOOD
Keyword(s):  
Slave Trade ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
Atlantic Trade ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade

ABSTRACTStudies of slavery in Africa during the period of the Atlantic slave trade have largely ignored questions of how political processes affected enslavement during the period and also the extent to which notions of who could be enslaved were modified. Documentation for the kingdom of Kongo during the 1500s to 1800 allows us to explore how the trade was sustained and the social and political dynamics behind it. In a state that consistently exported large numbers of slaves throughout the period of the trade, kings of Kongo at first observed quite a pronounced distinction between foreign-born captives subject to enslavement and sale in the Atlantic trade and freeborn Kongos who were largely proctected from enslavement and sale overseas. In time, however, the distinctions that separated foreign-born and Kongos fell apart as later political authorities and others disregarded such distinctions and all Kongos became subject to enslavement and sale overseas. This was a product of internal Kongo conflicts, which witnessed the collapse of institutions and the redefinition of polity, what it meant to be a citizen or freeborn, and who could be enslaved.

Improving infectious TB education for foreign-born patients and family members

2021 ◽  
pp. 001789692110615
Author(s):  
Nancy Bedingfield ◽  
Bonnie Lashewicz ◽  
Dina Fisher ◽  
Kathryn King-Shier
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Large City ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Many Sources

Objective: In low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries, linguistic and cultural dissonance between families experiencing infectious TB and TB health care providers is a barrier to effective communication and successful treatment. The purpose of this research was to explore infectious TB education and counselling from the perspective of patients and family members who are foreign-born. Design/Setting: One component of a multiphase, qualitative case study conducted in Calgary, a large city in western Canada. Method: Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, chart review and field notes and analysed thematically. Eight families were represented in the 6 patient and 13 family member participants who had recently experienced infectious TB. Results: Three themes were generated from the data: ‘learning about TB from many sources’, ‘reassurance and connection’ and ‘missing information’. Participants described learning about TB in different ways, feeling reassured once they knew more and sharing information with others. Overall, participants expressed satisfaction with education and counselling received. However, there were indications that communication problems had occurred. Participants asked questions during the interview, described areas of lingering confusion and shared TB-related behaviours incongruent with medical understanding. Knowledge gaps often increased isolation. Conclusion: Gaps in infectious TB education and counselling have negative impacts on patient and family member well-being. Education and counselling can be improved using multiple modes of communication, proactively addressing common misperceptions and reducing barriers to patient participation. Improvements could empower families to better manage their own experience and share accurate TB information with their communities.

scholarly journals From Gospel to Law: The Lutheran Reformation and Its Impact on Legal Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-291
Author(s):  
John Witte
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Original Message ◽  
Two Kingdoms ◽  
The Church

The Lutheran Reformation transformed not only theology and the Church but also law and the State. Despite his early rebuke of law in favour of the gospel, Martin Luther eventually joined up with various jurists and political leaders to craft ambitious legal reforms of Church, State and society on the strength of his new theology, particularly his new two-kingdoms theory. These legal reforms were defined and defended in hundreds of monographs, pamphlets and sermons published by Lutheran writers from the 1520s onwards. They were refined and routinised in equally large numbers of new Reformation ordinances that brought fundamental changes to theology and law, Church and State, marriage and family, criminal law and procedure, and education and charity. Critics have long treated this legal phase of the Reformation as a corruption of Luther's original message of Christian freedom from the strictures of all human laws and traditions. But Luther ultimately realised that he needed the law to stabilise and enforce the new Protestant teachings. Radical theological reforms had made possible fundamental legal reforms, which, in turn, would make those theological reforms palpable. In the course of the 1530s and thereafter, the Lutheran Reformation became in its essence both a theological and a legal reform movement. It struck new balances between law and gospel, rule and equity, order and faith, and structure and spirit.

Temporary Labor Migration and U.S. and Foreign-Born Worker Resistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel Ness
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Migrant Labor ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Human Resource Executives ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
The World ◽  
Worker Resistance ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines how skilled and semi-skilled guest worker programs contribute to the displacement of workers throughout the U.S. economy. In the future, as migrant labor programs are institutionalized through the World Trade Organization and are viewed as the latest formula for economic development, it is likely that this new commodification of labor will spread into a growing number of labor market sectors, including manufacturing and transportation. At the same time the chapter reveals that while corporate human resource executives view migrant laborers as docile and complacent, a growing number are resorting to collective action in the form of micro organizing, where small groups organize to address the specific problems they face.

The Changing Space of Families: A Genealogical Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Alice Bee Kasakoff
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Spatial Dispersion ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Us ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Us Census

This article highlights the usefulness of family trees for visualizing and understanding changing patterns of kin dispersion over time. Such spatial patterns are important in gauging how families influence outcomes such as health and social mobility. The article describes how rapidly growing families, originally from England, dispersed over the US North and established hubs where they originally settled that lasted hundreds of years, even as they repeated the process moving West. Fathers lived much closer to their adult sons in 1850 than they do today and many more had an adult son within a radius of 30 miles. Big Data from genealogical websites is now available to map large numbers of families. Comparing one such data set with the US Census of 1880 shows that the native-born population is well represented, but there are not as many foreign born or African Americans in these data sets. Pedigrees become less and less representative the further back in time they go because they only include lines that have survived into the present. Despite these and other limitations, Big Data make it possible to study family spatial dispersion going back many generations and to map past spatial connections in a wider variety of historical contexts and at a scale never before possible.

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