Polymaths of Islam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Cultural Complex ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Intellectual Power

This book analyzes the social and intellectual power of religious leaders who created a shared culture that integrated Central Asia, Iran, and India from the mid-eighteenth century through to the early twentieth century. The book demonstrates that Islamic scholars were simultaneously mystics and administrators, judges and occultists, physicians and poets. This integrated understanding of the world of Islamic scholarship unlocks a different way of thinking about transregional exchange networks. The book reveals a Persian-language cultural sphere that transcended state boundaries and integrated a spectacularly vibrant Eurasia that is invisible from published sources alone. Through a high-cultural complex that the book terms the “Persian cosmopolis” or “Persianate sphere,” it argues, an intersection of diverse disciplines shaped geographical trajectories across and between political states. The book paints a comprehensive, colorful, and often contradictory portrait of mosque and state in the age of empire.

Part III Regimes and Doctrines, Ch.35 Theorizing Free Trade

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orford Anne
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Market Distortion ◽  
Historical Trajectory

This chapter re-examines the history of free trade and its relationship to international law. It locates contemporary trade agreements within a larger story about the relation between the state, the market, and the social; explores why it is useful to place current trade agreements within a longer historical trajectory; offers a brief narrative of how the concept of free trade has moved across a two-hundred-year period since the late eighteenth century; and concludes that concepts such as free trade (and related concepts such as discrimination, market distortion, protection, and subsidies) are the product of political struggles over particular ways of understanding the world, justifying entitlements to resources, explaining why some people should profit from the labour of others, and legitimizing the exercise of power.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL, PERSONAL, AND SPIRITUAL DYNAMICS OF GHOST STORIES IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-359
Author(s):  
LAURA SANGHA
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Ghost Stories ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender

AbstractIn early modern England, spectral figures were regular visitors to the world of the living and a vibrant variety of beliefs and expectations clustered around these questionable shapes. Yet whilst historians have established the importance of ghosts as cultural resources that were used to articulate a range of contemporary concerns about worldly life, we know less about the social and personal dynamics that underpinned the telling, recording, and circulation of ghost stories at the time. This article therefore focuses on a unique set of manuscript sources relating to apparitions in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century England to uncover a different vantage point. Drawing on the life-writing and correspondence of the antiquarian who collected the narratives, it lays bare concerns about familial relations and gender that ghost stories were bound up with. Tracing the way that belief in ghosts functioned at an individual level also allows the recovery of the personal religious sensibilities and spiritual imperatives that sustained and nourished continuing belief in ghosts. This subjective angle demonstrates that ghost stories were closely intertwined with processes of grieving and remembering the dead, and they continued to be associated with theological understandings of the afterlife and the fate of the soul.

Futurist Timbres

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Italian Futurism ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This chapter tracks timbre through the mediated public sphere of Milan, as it came to congeal in Italian Futurism. Long mythologized as the origin of noisy art, sound scholars have yet to consider what the movement’s timbres meant in their time. They emerged beneath the rubric of “musical sensibility”—a coinage that harked back to timbre’s eighteenth-century emergence under the sign of aesthetic attention within Western modernities. The Futurists’ activities can thus be broadly historicized; vice versa, in their own context, timbre becomes estranged as a centuries-old concern. The Futurists’ interest in timbre dates them; it also proves their undoing: they set out to colonize the world of timbre, but social and technological factors intervene. Thus, while Futurism may not yield origins for modernism, it underscores the relational nature of listening—especially listening for timbre, which, as the social organization of concentrated listening, unexpectedly manifests when aesthetic attention breaks down.

Cultural Affinity and Screen Tourism – The Case of Internet Entertainment Services

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Cultural Affinity ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Desk Research

Cultural Affinity and Screen Tourism – The Case of Internet Entertainment Services, has been produced by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in partnership with Netflix. It goes beyond the traditional concept of screen tourism and explores how the online distribution of films and TV series can strengthen cultural ties between countries and build bridges between communities while at the same time fostering tourism as a pillar of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Based on extensive desk research and the results of a series of surveys, it sheds light on how best to maximize the social, economic and cultural benefits of screen tourism and offers both policymakers and the private sector recommendations on how to leverage internet entertainment services (IES) to promote unique and shared culture and traditions.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Deformation of the Value-Semantic Matrix of the Life of the World Community in the Conditions of a Postmodern Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-295
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bekh ◽  
Viktor Vashkevych ◽  
Olena Postol ◽  
Bogdan Kalinichenko ◽  
Mykola Lipin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
World Community ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact

The range of research on value issues is quite wide today. The transition from understanding values as a philosophical category to a psychological interpretation of the nature of values has led to the emergence of many trends and psychological concepts of value problems. In this study, we will reveal the main modern views of researchers on the essence of the value-semantic matrix of both an individual and the entire world community. The modern socio-economic situation in the world is characterized by an almost permanent crisis state both in the social, and in the spiritual, cultural sphere, which is due to the existence of the consequences of the epidemic situation in the world. Based on this, the problem of teaching the dynamics of the value-semantic matrix, its development and changes under the influence of personality crises of various origins, both external ones caused by the social situation in the country, the impact of new information technologies, and internal ones, caused by growing up, growth, psychological development personality in time and space. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to conduct a theoretical study of the value-semantic sphere as a system that undergoes changes during the crisis periods of a person's life and to investigate the main deformations that have taken place in the Mind of existence of today's post-pandemic reality.

Genealogies of Dissent and the Politics of Knowledge

2018 ◽  
pp. 140-218
Author(s):  
Ahmad S. Dallal
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Politics Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter examines the relationship between the intellectual projects of eighteenth century thinkers and political authorities. The chapter argues that, in almost all the examined cases, eighteenth century thinkers conceived of their intellectual undertakings as subversive and dissenting ones, both in relation to political authorities and to established corporate intellectual authorities. This chapter extends the analysis from the intellectual/cultural sphere to the social/political one. The primary example examined in this chapter is the career of Shawkani and his complex relationship to power.

Witnesses and Agents of Empire:Eighteenth-Century Historiography and the World of the Mughal Munshī

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 393-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Alam ◽  
Sanjay Subrahmanyam
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Belles Lettres

AbstractThis paper addresses the evolving profile of the class of scribes or munshīs who emerged during the phase of consolidation of Mughal rule in northern India, as Mughal power waned in the course of the eighteenth century. It argues that while the social and political base of this class was expanded by opportunities provided by the empire, these munshīs in turn sought to develop their own understanding of events both past and present. In the late seventeenth century, they began to generate their own templates of history writing together with other forms of belles-lettres. In the first half of the eighteenth century, their power seemed to be on the increase as many made the transition to becoming significant political actors themselves. However, they were unable to consolidate their position in the latter decades of the century, when they emerged instead as critics of the new forms that Mughal power was taking. The essay is based on a reading of texts produced by a number of these authors, largely in Persian.Cet essai s’adresse au problème de l’évolution de la classe des scribes ou des munshīs qui avaient émergé pendant la phase de la consolidation du règne des Moghols en Inde du Nord, avec l’affaiblissement de la puissance de l’empire au cours du dix-huitième siècle. La base sociale et politique de cette classe était augmentée par des occasions fournies par l’empire, et en revanche les munshīs ont cherché à fournir leur propre interprétation des événements du passé et du présent. Vers la fin du dix-septième siècle, ils ont commencé à produire leurs propres cadres pour l’écriture d’histoire ainsi que d’autres formes de belles-lettres. Dans la première moitié du dix-huitième siècle, leur puissance semblait être en augmentation et un certain nombre d’entre eux a fait la transition entre simples témoins et acteurs politiques significatifs. Cependant, c’était une situation qu’ils ne pouvaient pas consolider dans les dernières décennies du siècle, où ils ont émergé comme critiques des nouvelles formes que la puissance des Moghols prenait. L’essai est basé sur une lecture des textes produits par un certain nombre de ces auteurs, en grande partie en persan.

scholarly journals From the life school to the gallery wall, via the portfolio: the collection, treatment, and display of oil sketches on paper produced in the contexts of the Carracci school

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Limb
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Original Intention ◽  
Conservation History ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
Religious Landscape

The three oil sketches on paper forming the basis of this study—all of elderly, male sitters—are attributed to unknown sixteenth- or early seventeenth-century Bolognese artists: painters associated with the Carracci family and their Academia degli Incaminati. This context was notable for its near-constant examination of the world around it through consistent drawing and painting, and for its success in exporting its negotiations of the contemporary religious landscape beyond Bologna, to Rome and further afield. A brief overview of the original intention, forms and early functions of these works is given, before focus turns to traditions of ownership and collection in the generations immediately after their creation. The British contexts that the sketches entered during the eighteenth century—collections at Stourhead House, Saltram House and General John Guise's bequest to Christ Church—are then explored through consideration of the social and artistic milieux in which these works were acquired. All three sketches have been mounted on to canvas or panel supports: this conservation history sheds light on how these works have been altered structurally, aesthetically and in functionality as they moved from an early didactic purpose to that of display in the eighteenth century.

Benjamin Banneker, Pioneer Negro Mathematician

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
T. F. Mulcrone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Life

In almost every history of the Negro in the United States one can find an account of the incidental contributions of Benjamin Banneker (1731-1806) to the social history of Ms race. But no chronicle is readily available of the scientific life of Banneker as a student of mathematics, almanac compiler, surveyor, and astronomer. The object of this article is to provide such an account of the scientific activity of Benjamin Banneker, whom W. Douglas Brown called “the first American Negro to challenge the world by the independent power of his intellect,” and to indicate how close Banneker comes to approximating the composite picture of the mathematician in the United States at the end of the eighteenth century.

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