scholarly journals Kalıpyargılar ve Sosyal Yargı / The Streotype and The Social Judgement

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
İbrahim Işıtan
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Judgement ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Definition Of

<p align="center"><strong>The Streotype and The Social Judgement</strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The concept of stereotype, an important topics of social psychology is closely related to prejudice and discrimination. Stereotypes may drag people into generalization and failure in judgements in addition to many unwanted behavioral outcomes.</p><p>The first section of the article deals with the definition of the concept of stereotype and ascertains the motives of individuals who intend acting in accordance with stereotypes, followed by offering various solutions to this very problem. The second section points out the effect of stereotypes on interpretation of the social judgement and the social cognition while the third section dwells on how stereotypes can be changed. This study, which presents a summary of the researches about the stereotype and the social judgement is of importance in terms of indicating how stereotypes turn into prejudices and how they eventually cause discrimination.</p><p><strong><strong>Kalıpyargılar ve Sosyal Yargı</strong></strong></p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Kalıpyargı sosyal psikolojinin önemli konularından biridir. Kalıpyargı kavramı önyargı ve ayrımcılık kavramlarını da anımsatmaktadır. Kalıpyargı, davranış planında birçok istenmeyen sonuçlarıyla, kişileri yargıda genelleme ve hata yapmaya sürükleyebilmektedir. Makalenin birinci bölümü, kalıpyargı kavramının tanımı konusunu ele almakta, kişilerin kalıplaşmış inançlarla hareket etmeyi tasarlamalarının hangi sebeplere dayandığını ortaya koymakta ve çeşitli tedbir yolları önermektedir. İkinci bölümde, kalıpyargıların sosyal yargıları ve bilgileri yorumlama üzerine etkisine dikkat çekilmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde ise, kalıpyargıların nasıl değiştirilebileceği konusu üzerine durulmaktadır. Kalıpyargı ve sosyal yargı konusunda yapılan araştırmaların bir özeti şeklinde sunulan bu çalışma, kalıpyargıların önyargıya nasıl dönüştüğünü ve sonuç itibariyle ayrımcılığa nasıl yol açtığını göstermesi bakımından önem arz eder.</p><p><span><br /></span></p>

Social Psychology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Mastroianni
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Third ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Critical Literature

Chapter 9 examines social-psychological approaches to understanding the Holocaust. Since Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments were published in the early 1960s, social-psychological formulations based on obedience and social influence have dominated the psychology of the Holocaust. There is also a significant critical literature that challenges some of the findings and interpretation of Milgram and Phillip Zimbardo as they apply to the Holocaust. Social cognition is the study of thinking as situated in a social milieu and offers a fruitful framework for considering the ways Germans thought about one another during the Third Reich. Modern approaches to prejudice and racism, especially the study of unconscious or implicit biases, may provide insight into anti-Semitic attitudes prevalent in Germany (and elsewhere) during the Nazi years.

1. All about us

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Context Shape

Social psychology is all about the ‘social universe’ and the people who populate our everyday lives. It’s the study of how society, culture, and context shape attitudes, behaviour, and beliefs. It’s how we figure out who we are, and how who we are is intimately linked to our relationships with others. ‘All about us’ outlines the history of the how the discipline came to be from the early years in the late 19th century with the work of Gustav LeBon and Norman Triplett, through the two world wars that provided inspiration for many studies that shaped social psychology, to the concept of social cognition, and how this is affected and impacted by social context.

Modeling justice as a natural phenomenon

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Ken Binmore
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Interpersonal Comparison ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Fairness Norms ◽  
Psychology Literature

AbstractAmong other things, Baumard et al.'s “A Mutualistic Approach to Morality” considers the enforcement and establishment of moral norms, the interpersonal comparison of welfare, and the structure of fairness norms. This commentary draws attention to the relevance of the game theory literature to the first and second topic, and the social psychology literature to the third topic.

scholarly journals The continuity of the knowledge in Social Psychology, could it be possible? Commemoration to the 95th anniversary of G.M. Andreeva

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
D.A. Khoroshilov
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social World ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
State University ◽  
Collective Emotions ◽  
The Social

This paper is dedicated to the memory of Galina Mihailovna Andreeva, who was a creator of the Russian school of Social Psychology at the faculty of Moscow State University. Adreeva suggested that the psychologist’s main objective was to integrate scientific knowledge into the context of social changes and issues. She determined the main problem of Social Psychology as the problem of social cognition. Social cognition represents constructing the image of the social world, which is vicariously lived by people in their everyday life. This definition unites such theories as sociocultural approach (L. Vygotsky, A. Leontiev, A. Luria), K. Gergen’s social constructionism and cognitive psychology (S. Fiske). According to the ideas of Andreeva, the image of social world integrates micro- and marco-levels of social structure, what manifests in general directions of the discipline of Social Psychology: communication-groups-personality. Indeed, human personality is formed through group interactions, as well as his personal and social identity which are determined by the culture and by the society where we interact. The concepts elaborated by Andreeva greatly anticipated contemporary research on the perception of social space and time, collective emotions and experiences, as well as collective memory. Therefore, we see the need for an immediate revisit of her heritage in the context of the modern human sciences.

scholarly journals The Task of Social Psychology Is to Explain Behavior not Just to Observe it

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e26131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Stroebe
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Behavior Observation ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitude Measures

Doliński (2018, this issue) deplores the decline of behavior observation in social psychology since the 1960’s and asks whether (social-) psychology is still a behavioral science. I question both, that there was a decline and that direct behavior observations are essential for a science of behavior. After all, behavior can also be inferred from outcomes and other traces of behavior. During the alleged heydays of behavioral observation, social psychology was threatened by a crisis partly precipitated by Wicker’s (1969) demonstration that verbal attitude measures were often unrelated to behavioral responses towards attitude objects. His critique was devastating, because social psychology at that time relied heavily on rating scales as dependent measure. The advance of the social cognition movement in the 1970’s was to provide social psychology with new techniques (e.g., priming, cognitive load, reaction time techniques) that eased the reliance on rating scales. At the same time, it became insufficient to merely show a relationship between an external event and a behavioral response and to rely on speculations about the internal processes that might have been responsible for this relationship. Instead, studies had to assess the cognitive and motivational processes assumed to link those external events, typically – but not always – using social cognition techniques. This required additional studies leading to a decline in the proportion of studies reporting behavioral observations. I illustrate this development with one of my own research programs and also suggest that in this example an outcome may be a more valid measure of behavior than behavioral observations.

scholarly journals Analisis Wacana Pesan Dakwah pada Film Cinta dalam Ukhwah

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Yasyifa Fajaria Nursyamsi ◽  
Dindin Sholahudin ◽  
Tata Sukayat
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Film Texts ◽  
Theory Of Discourse ◽  
Psychosocial Approaches ◽  
Islamic Values

This research describes the message of dakwah clarity of discourse. Film as a medium of da'wah becomes a thing to be examined both in terms of meaning and production, especially in the field of I'lam. Its presence in the scholarship of da'wah can be a reference that supports the spread of Islamic values. This qualitative research uses the theory of discourse analysis according to Teun Van Djik with the concept of 'social cognition' which is adapted from the social psychology approach to explain the structure and process of forming a text. The results of the film Love in this ukhuwah got three main conclusions: first the text of this film contain Message da'wah with the topic of tolerance, ukhuwah and inclusivism. Second, the social cognition of the author's personal experience affects how text scenarios are produced. Thirdly, the social context of Islamic societal issues is raised as 'conflict and anti-climax' in dialogue on scenarios and film texts produced. The story presented in the film is lifted from the discourse through psychosocial approaches, constructing discourses about critical attitudes and tabayun against this Jewish strategy as a moral message.   Penelitian ini memaparkan pesan dakwah dari kejelasan wacananya. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan teori analisis wacana menurut Teun Van Djik dengan konsep ‘kognisi sosial’ istilah yang disadur dari pendekatan psikologi sosial untuk menjelaskan struktur dan proses terbentuk suatu teks. Hasil penelitian di film Cinta dalam Ukhuwah ini didapatkan tiga kesimpulan utama: pertama secara teks film ini mengandung Pesan dakwah dengan topik toleransi, ukhuwah dan inklusivisme. Kedua, kognisi sosial pengalaman pribadi penulis mempengaruhi bagaimana teks skenario diproduksi. Ketiga, konteks sosial permasalahan masyarakat Islam diangkat sebagai ‘konflik dan anti klimaks’ dalam dialog pada teks skenario dan film yang diproduksi. Cerita yang disampaikan dalam film di angkat dari wacana melalui pendekatan psikososial, mengkontruksi wacana tentang sikap kritis dan tabayun terhadap strategi yahudi ini sebagai pesan moral.

scholarly journals The Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Conclusions on Commons-Based Value

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Antonios Broumas
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Value ◽  
The Third ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intellectual Commons ◽  
Value Crisis ◽  
First Offers

Elaborating on key findings of previous chapters this chapter proposes more abstract statements on commons-based value, its sources, forms and mode of circulation and, finally, the value crisis challenging the interrelation between intellectual commons and capital. It is structured into the five following sections. The first offers a working definition of commons-based value in accordance with the findings of the research. The second determines productive communal activity as the source of commons-based value. The third analyses the forms of commons-based value. The fourth sketches out the basic characteristics of the mode of commons-based value circulation. The fifth and final substantive section examines the crises of value encountered in the sphere of the intellectual commons. Overall, this chapter offers a social theory of commons-based value circulation with normative dimensions in respect of the morality of the intellectual commons. With empirical data it confirms the presence of an alternative proto-mode of value circulation based on the intellectual commons, which supports the reproduction of the intellectual bases of our societies in dialectical interrelation to the dominant capitalist mode thus thereby rendering commons-based value visible to activists, researchers and policymakers and fuelling practices, policies and laws that might truly unleash their potential.

The New Evil Devil Problem and Deontological Internalism

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Mikhail G. Khort ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Epistemology ◽  
Evil Demon ◽  
The Third ◽  
Justified Belief ◽  
Epistemic Virtues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Introductory Part ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Evil Demon Problem

The article defends an internalist version of the virtue epistemology. This point contradicts many contemporary theories of epistemic virtues, as they are mostly externalistic. This is partly due to the fact that externalism is more consistent with cognitive science, situationism and the social epistemology. Another reason is that it was the externalists who revived interest in the aretic approach within the framework of modern epistemology. Nevertheless, the author shows that it is internalism that offers the best answer to the question about the essence of epistemic virtues. In the introductory part of the article, the classical definitions of internalism and externalism are given. It is explained that the author use an extended definition of internalism, which is characterized by the inclusion epistemic virtues in the structure of justification. The second part is devoted to critic of externalism. The New Evil Demon Problem is the instrument of analysis. The author shows that there are scenarios in which the function of justification as a reliable “guide” to truth cannot serve as a criterion for epistemic evaluation. Situations are possible in which the subject has a false but justified belief. Externalism cannot explain such scenarios, which motivates to abandon this approach. The third part of the article discusses internalism as a possible response to The New Evil Demon Problem. The author believes that justification should be considered as a deontological concept. The condition of reliability, which is an important element of externalism, must be replaced by the condition of correct motivation and epistemic debt. This means that the assessment of beliefs and subjects should be based on what motives they have and how they manifest them in cognition.

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