Parasite prevalence in a village in Burkina Faso: the contribution of new techniques

Introduction: Parasites are a major public health problem in developing countries. A coproparasitological and immunoparasitological study was conducted in Burkina Faso, in the rural village of Touguri, in November and December 2011. The coproparasitologic analysis was conducted in the pediatric population and seroprevalence surveys were conducted in the adult population to research intestinal, blood, and helminth parasites. Methodology: The coproparasitologic study was performed on stool samples using two diagnostic methods – standard microscopy and the FLOTAC technique. The total of 49 stool samples analyzed were obtained from children between two months and eleven years of age. The serology study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of P. falciparum, Echinococcus spp., Tenia solium, and A. lumbricoides using different immunological techniques such as ELISA and Western Blot techniques. The study population included 85 adult patients between 15 and 70 years of age. Results: Results of coproparasitological analyses showed Hymenolepis nana as the only helminth found, in 28.6% of the total number of patients. Results of serological evaluation revealed a practically null prevalence of Echinococcus, Taenia solium, and Ascaris lumbricoides, and a 77.64% prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum. Conclusions: Despite the small number (especially in terms of coprological samples) of individuals examined, this study showed that the parasite prevalence in a rural area of Burkina Faso has a significant impact in the general population, particularly in children. Another finding was that FLOTAC had a higher sensitivity than the widely used ethyl ether-based concentration technique for coprological sample analysis.

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Psychological distress among adult urban population of Puducherry

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182984 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 3265

Author(s):

Murugan N. ◽

Amit Kumar Mishra ◽

Ramesh Chand Chauhan ◽

Velavan A.

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Mental Distress ◽

Adult Population ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Systematic Random Sampling ◽

Study Population

Background: A large proportion of population in the community with psychological distress goes unnoticed. This study was done to assess the psychological distress among adult population of an urban area of Puducherry.Methods: The study was conducted among 569 individuals of age 18 years and above. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the households in the study area and from each household one adult was randomly selected. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was used to assess the psychological distress among the study participants.Results: Majority of the participants had low psychological distress (60.5%) followed by typical (19.3%), more than typical (10%), evidence of psychological distress (6.2%) & severe distress (4%). One-fifth (20.2%) of the participants had psychological distress which needs attention. The mental health status of the participants was significantly associated with the age, sex, marital status, religion and education (p<0.05).Conclusions: The psychological distress is a major public health problem in the study population. Focused interventions to improve the mental health of population are required to decrease the mental distress in the community.

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Nosocomial infections: Importance of rapid and early detection of ESBL Enterobacteriaceae by molecular biology

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131901014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 01014

Author(s):

Hajar Lahdibi Sahraoui ◽

Aicha Qasmaoui ◽

Réda Charof ◽

Jamila Hamamouchi ◽

El Hassan Berny

Keyword(s):

Nosocomial Infections ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽

Biological Criteria ◽

Pcr Techniques

Nosocomial infections are a major public health problem. They are mainly caused by bacteria that often present antibiotic resistance profiles, which complicates their management. The diagnosis of these infections is based on clinical and biological criteria that lack sensitivity and specificity, and on microbiological examinations that are lengthy. Unfortunately, the inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy in many cases, and the late implementation of an effective treatment, are associated with the emergence and spread of bacteria that are multi-resistant to antibiotics, i.e. strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). Rapid diagnostic methods, identifying the pathogen and its resistance profile, are therefore necessary. Our laboratory is committed to develop PCR techniques to genotypically identify the most frequent ESBLs from four hospital facilities. Among all the enterobacteria detected, we observed the predominance of OXA type ESBL (38%), followed by CTX-M type ESBL (33%). TEM and SHV genes represent respectively 19% and 10%.The optimization of these technologies could allow the identification of all known resistance mechanisms in only a few hours and find new preventive or curative strategies in the fight against these nosocomial infections, to better respond to this health threat.

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Factors determining the knowledge related to tuberculosis in a rural community, a community based cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170045 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

C. Rajan Rushender ◽

G. Dinesh Kumar ◽

M. Logaraj

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Study Population

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. It is reported that, globally, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis and about 1.5 million people died due to tuberculosis across the globe in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Center, SRM Medical College to assess knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis using a pretested Interview schedule. Adult population, who are residing in the field practice area were considered as study population. The study period was between August 2013 to February 2014.Results: A total of 246 study subjects were included in the final analysis with the majority of the participants to be between 21 to 40 years (39.40%). Cough and expectoration as symptom of TB was known to 82.5% of study subjects. Only 22.8% of the study subjects are aware of at least one extra pulmonary for of tuberculosis. The proportion of subjects with good overall knowledge about TB was highest in subjects aged 61 and above, lowest in 41 to 60-year age group. The proportion of subjects with good knowledge had gradually increased with increasing socio economic status.Conclusions: Culture specific IEC interventions and their delivery mechanisms need to be designed, considering the highly heterogeneous nature of population in India.

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Cysticercosis in Anterior Abdominal Wall: A rare case report

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11733 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 221-222

Author(s):

Banasree C Roy ◽

Gobinda Mondal

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Wall ◽

Rare Case ◽

Anterior Abdominal Wall ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Medical Science ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Rare Case Report ◽

Subcutaneous Tissues ◽

High Resolution Ultrasonography

Cysticercosis, caused by Taenia solium larva is a major public health problem especially in developing world. In this unusual form of infection man becomes the intermediate host. The encysted larval stage commonly infests brain, but muscles and subcutaneous tissues are also often affected. High resolution ultrasonography is diagnostic for subcutaneous or intramuscular cysticercosis.Here we present a rare case of anterior abdominal wall cysticercosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11733 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July12

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High prevalence of circulating DS-1-like human rotavirus A and genotype diversity in children with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand from 2016 to 2019

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10954 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10954

Author(s):

Siripat Pasittungkul ◽

Fajar Budi Lestari ◽

Jiratchaya Puenpa ◽

Watchaporn Chuchaona ◽

Nawarat Posuwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Gastroenteritis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Viral Gastroenteritis ◽

Seasonal Incidence ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Rotavirus A ◽

Human Rotavirus ◽

Genotype Diversity ◽

Stool Samples

Background Human rotavirus A (RVA) infection is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in infants and young children worldwide, especially in children under 5 years of age and is a major public health problem causing severe diarrhea in children in Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, genotype diversity, and molecular characterization of rotavirus infection circulating in children under 15 years of age diagnosed with AGE in Thailand from January 2016 to December 2019. Methods A total of 2,001 stool samples were collected from children with gastroenteritis (neonates to children <15 years of age) and tested for RVA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Amplified products were sequenced and submitted to an online genotyping tool for analysis. Results Overall, 301 (15.0%) stool samples were positive for RVA. RVA occurred most frequently among children aged 0-24 months. The seasonal incidence of rotavirus infection occurred typically in Thailand during the winter months (December-March). The G3P[8] genotype was identified as the most prevalent genotype (33.2%, 100/301), followed by G8P[8] (10.6%, 32/301), G9P[8] (6.3%, 19/301), G2P[4] (6.0%, 18/301), and G1P[6] (5.3%, 16/301). Uncommon G and P combinations such as G9P[4], G2P[8], G3P[4] and G3P[9] were also detected at low frequencies. In terms of genetic backbone, the unusual DS-1-like G3P[8] was the most frequently detected (28.2%, 85/301), and the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated high nucleotide identity with unusual DS-1-like G3P[8] detected in Thailand and several countries. Conclusions A genetic association between RVA isolates from Thailand and other countries ought to be investigated given the local and global dissemination of rotavirus as it is crucial for controlling viral gastroenteritis, and implications for the national vaccination programs.

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PREVALENCE OF PLACENTAL INFECTION WITH PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM DETECTED BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN WOMEN AFTER DELIVERED OUAGADOUGOU (BURKINA FASO)

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (09) ◽

pp. 132-141

Author(s):

Sawadogo Haffsatou ◽

◽

Zida Adama ◽

Zongo Cheikna ◽

Soulama Issiaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Placental Malaria ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Capital City ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

The Status ◽

The City ◽

In Pregnancy

Background:Malaria is known to have a negative impact on pregnant women and their foetuses. This infection during pregnancy represents a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factor of Plasmodium falciparum in pregnant women the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to March 2020 in four health districts within Ouagadougou, capital city. Samples were collected from the placenta from 531 women after delivered Plasmodium falciparum then by PCR. Results: The prevalence placental malaria with of Plasmodium falciparum was estimated at 7.53%. The status of unemployment and/ or the status of residence around the city of Ouagadougou represent risk of malaria infection. Conclusion:Malaria in pregnancy is responsible for several complications so emphasis should be placed on communication about malaria control in pregnancy and, the behavior of pregnant women and health workers as well.

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Prevalence of Skin Diseases in Kavre District, Nepal

Nepal Journal of Dermatology Venereology & Leprology ◽

10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5761 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 7-9

Author(s):

D Karn ◽

R Khatri ◽

M Timalsina

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

University Teaching ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Dermatology Department ◽

Total Study Population ◽

Pigmentary Disorders ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Prevalent Disease

Background Skin is the major interface of human to the environment . It is the major susceptible organ for any disease. Wide prevalence of skin diseases in the community is a well established fact. Objectve The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of skin diseases among the general population of Kavre District,Nepal . Methods This is a hospital based, retrospective study done among all the patients visiting Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, in Dhulikhel, Kavre during the year 2007-2008 AD. Data were obtained from the hospital out-patient records and analyzed. The total number of patients who visited the hospital were 74,279 (male-30,809 female- 43,470), out of which 7374 (9 .92 %), male 4155, female 3219, visited the Dermatology Department. Among this total study population now comparative study of the prevalence of skin diseases was performed based on sex, age and type of dermatological condition. Results The overall prevalence of skin diseases were 9.92% with slight higher rates seen among males ( 56.34 %) than females (43.65 %).Non-infective conditions , 6063 ( 82.22% ) outweighed infective conditions 1311 (17.78 %), commonest one being the pigmentary disorders (32.56 %) and in the age group 16-35 years old (31.23% ). Conclusion This study demonstrates that skin diseases are one of the most prevalent disease condition among the general population, representing a major public health problem. Keywords Prevalence; infective diseases; non-infective diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v9i1.5761 NJDVL 2010; 9(1): 7-9

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Development and Validation of a New Method for Visual Acuity Assessment on Tablet in Pediatric Population: eMOVA Test

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18473/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

NOEMIE STOLL ◽

Claude SPEEG-SCHATZ ◽

Elsa Di Foggia ◽

Arnaud Sauer

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

New Technologies ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Electronic Measurement ◽

Visual Acuity Test ◽

Pediatric Consultation ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Acuity Test

Abstract Background Amblyopia is a major public health problem. Its screening and management require reliable methods of assessing visual acuity. Many tests are available, some of which are used as a reference and the advent of new technologies sees many others whose validity is not proven. The objective of our study was to develop a tablet-based visual acuity test adapted to the pediatric population: the eMOVA test (electronic Measurement Of Visual Acuity). Methods We did a study comparing the eMOVA test with the Rossano-Weiss test. All children aged 3 to 8 attending the ophthalmic and pediatric consultation between September 2016 and June 2017 were included. The results in terms of visual acuity were compared as well as the duration of each test, its comprehension, its acceptability and the attention of the child during the test. Results The eMOVA test overestimated visual acuity by 0.06 logMAR. This difference, statistically significant, was not clinically relevant. The duration of the eMOVA test was longer than the reference test, but it was less painful and more appreciated by children and their parents. Conclusion The e-MOVA test appears as a reliable method of assessing visual acuity that could be used both in consultation and on a larger scale in the context of screening as well as for the care of the most difficult children.

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Bacteriological And Parasitological Study Of Acute Gastroenteritis Among Patients Visiting Sukraraj Tropical And Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH), Teku, Kathmandu

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19251/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sanjeena Jangam ◽

Nisha Lamsal ◽

Prashansha Sharma ◽

Najma Makaju ◽

Beena Mali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Shigella Flexneri ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Stool Samples

Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastroenteritisis a major public-health problem in developing nations like Nepal, where communities are still ravaged by poverty, poor sanitation, poor personal hygiene, and poor water supplies.The objective of our study was to find the bacterial and parasitic agents responsible for causing gastroenteritis.METHODOLOGY: A hospital based prospective study was carried out for 3 months in Bacteriology and Parasitology section of STIDH. Stool samples received in respective section from patients with gastroenteritis were included in the study. Standard Microbiological Guidelines were employed for collection and processing of samples, followed by Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of bacterial isolates. Normal saline and Iodine preparation were done for microscopic examination of parasites.RESULTS: Among 421 stool samples processed in Bacteriology section, 28(6.65%) showed bacterial growth with 15(53.57%) Shigella flexneri , 4(14.28%) S higella sonnei and 9(32.14%) Salmonella typhimurium . Ceftriaxone and Nalidixic acid were found to be the most Sensitive and Resistant antibiotic for Shigella spp. and Salmonella typhimurium. Similarly, in parasitology section, microscopic observation of 648 stool samples showed 136(20.98%) cysts of Entamoeba histolytica , 3(0.46%) cysts of Giardia lamblia , 2(0.30%) trophozoites of Giardia lamblia , 1 (0.15%) larva of Strongyloides stercoralis , 1(0.15%) ova of hookworm and 1(0.15%) ova of Ascaris lumbricoides .CONCLUSION: The study revealed Shigella species as the predominant bacterial agent with S. flexneri being the major one. Hence, extensive study of shigellosis with greater emphasis on resistance pattern of different group of antibiotics is essential in such hospital. Similarly, parasitic infections are found in significant amount. Hence, concerned hospital authorities and government official’s needs to take strict action in contending such infections.

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Association of BMI and nutritional habits with hypertension in the adult population of Croatia

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980008001997 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 97-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ana Ivičević Uhernik ◽

Marijan Erceg ◽

Sanja Musić Milanović

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Adult Population ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Total Sample ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Regular Consumption

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution of hypertension, its nutritional and other determinants and their association in Croatia.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study.SettingCroatia.SubjectsRepresentative random sample of 9070 adults (18 years and older) from all Croatian regions, selected using multistage sampling.ResultsOverall prevalence of hypertension (arterial blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg) in Croatia was 45·5 %, of which 40 % were newly diagnosed hypertensives. There was no difference in the percentage of hypertensives between the continental and Mediterranean parts of Croatia. Newly diagnosed hypertension was found to be positively associated with increased BMI, age and alcohol consumption in the total sample and with moderate consumption of coffee in women, as well as inversely associated with regular consumption of fruits and vegetables in the total sample and high consumption of coffee in the total sample and in men. No association with newly diagnosed hypertension was recorded for use of animal fat, consumption of whole milk, smoked meat products, for adding salt, smoking and leisure-time physical activity.ConclusionsHypertension is a major public health problem in both continental and Mediterranean parts of Croatia. Maintenance of normal body mass, its reduction if already increased, and regular consumption of fruits and vegetables are proposed as priorities for primary prevention of hypertension in Croatia.

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