scholarly journals Discrete simulation analysis of COVID-19 and prediction of isolation bed numbers

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11629
Author(s):  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Yufeng Cai ◽  
Yinghe Ding ◽  
Jia-Da Li ◽  
Guoqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
World Health ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Discrete Simulation ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Short Period

Background The outbreak of COVID-19 has been defined by the World Health Organization as a pandemic, and containment depends on traditional public health measures. However, the explosive growth of the number of infected cases in a short period of time has caused tremendous pressure on medical systems. Adequate isolation facilities are essential to control outbreaks, so this study aims to quickly estimate the demand and number of isolation beds. Methods We established a discrete simulation model for epidemiology. By adjusting or fitting necessary epidemic parameters, the effects of the following indicators on the development of the epidemic and the occupation of medical resources were explained: (1) incubation period, (2) response speed and detection capacity of the hospital, (3) disease healing time, and (4) population mobility. Finally, a method for predicting the number of isolation beds was summarized through multiple linear regression. This is a city level model that simulates the epidemic situation from the perspective of population mobility. Results Through simulation, we show that the incubation period, response speed and detection capacity of the hospital, disease healing time, degree of population mobility, and infectivity of cured patients have different effects on the infectivity, scale, and duration of the epidemic. Among them, (1) incubation period, (2) response speed and detection capacity of the hospital, (3) disease healing time, and (4) population mobility have a significant impact on the demand and number of isolation beds (P <0.05), which agrees with the following regression equation: N = P × (−0.273 + 0.009I + 0.234M + 0.012T1 + 0.015T2) × (1 + V).

scholarly journals Discrete simulation analysis of COVID-19 and prediction of isolation bed numbers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Yufeng Cai ◽  
Yinghe Ding ◽  
Jia-da Li ◽  
Guoqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
World Health ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Discrete Simulation ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Cure Time

Background. The outbreak of COVID-19 has been defined by the World Health Organization as a pandemic, and containment depends on traditional public health measures. However, the explosive growth of the number of infected cases in a short period of time has caused tremendous pressure on medical systems. Adequate isolation facilities are essential to control outbreaks, so this study aims to quickly estimate the demand and number of isolation beds. Methods. We established a discrete simulation model for epidemiology. By adjusting or fitting necessary epidemic parameters, the effects of the following indicators on the development of the epidemic and the occupation of medical resources were explained: (1) incubation period, (2) response speed and detection capacity of the hospital, (3) disease cure time, and (4) population mobility. Finally, a method for predicting the reasonable number of isolation beds was summarized through multiple linear regression. Results. Through simulation, we show that the incubation period, response speed and detection capacity of the hospital, disease cure time, degree of population mobility, and infectivity of cured patients have different effects on the infectivity, scale, and duration of the epidemic. Among them, (1) incubation period, (2) response speed and detection capacity of the hospital, (3) disease cure time, and (4) population mobility have a significant impact on the demand and number of isolation beds (P <0.05), which agrees with the following regression equation: N = P * (-0.273 + 0.009I +0.234M + 0.012T1 + 0.015T2) * (1+V).

Obstacles to Claiming Permanence and Injury-Relatedness for “Posttraumatic” Headache

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract “Posttraumatic” headaches claims are controversial because they are subjective reports often provided in the complex of litigation, and the underlying pathogenesis is not defined. This article reviews principles and scientific considerations in the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) that should be noted by evaluators who examine such cases. Some examples in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, may seem to imply that mild head trauma can cause permanent impairment due to headache. The author examines scientific findings that present obstacles to claiming that concussion or mild traumatic brain injury is a cause of permanent headache. The World Health Organization, for example, found a favorable prognosis for posttraumatic headache, and complete recovery over a short period of time was the norm. Other studies have highlighted the lack of a dose-response correlation between trauma and prolonged headache complaints, both in terms of the frequency and the severity of trauma. On the one hand, scientific studies have failed to support the hypothesis of a causative relationship between trauma and permanent or prolonged headaches; on the other hand, non–trauma-related factors are strongly associated with complaints of prolonged headache.

Research on Modulation Multiplexing System and Technique Employing Tilted Grating

2013 ◽  
Vol 397-400 ◽  
pp. 1643-1647
Author(s):  
Hui Bo Wang ◽  
Zhi Quan Li
Keyword(s):  
Delay Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
System Response ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Speed Simulation ◽  
Demodulation Method

A dual demodulation technique based on tilted grating and InGaAs photodiode array is proposed; using the coupling modes of the cladding, a wavelength demodulation method with the tilted grating as the spectroscopic device is realized. This method can achieve that the demodulation of the channel in which the sensing information changed and the optimization of collection rules of the system. Two tunable F-P filters scan and demodulate the sensing path simultaneously to further improve the system response speed. Simulation analysis and experiments results indicate that the average demodulation time is 40ms and the average signal frequency can reach 15Hz. In addition, the demodulation bandwidth is 40nm, and its wavelength demodulation precision can reach 20pm. The system has advantages of the shorter delay time, and the demodulation time is immune to the number of channels, etc.. Therefore, this system is able to meet the smart requirement of some complex systems and large scale distributed intelligent system.

scholarly journals Guidelines on controlling latent tuberculosis infection to support tuberculosis elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
P Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Latent Tb Infection ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives: Latent TB infection (LTBI) affects 25% of the world’s population. As long as this reservoir exists, the elimination of TB will not be feasible. The Assembly of the World Health Organization adopted the “Global End TB” strategy for the elimination of TB in 2014. The objective of this review is to present strategies for risk groups that are candidates for the detection and treatment of LTBI. Material and method: There is sufficient evidence of screening in: immunocompromised people (HIV-infected, biological therapies, alternative renal therapy, organ transplantation), recent immigrants, inmates in prison, people injecting drugs and homeless people, and workers from at-risk settings. Tests to diagnose LTBI include tuberculin skin test (TST) and gamma release assay interferon (IGRA). There is no reference test and the choice of one or the other will depend on logistical considerations, such as avoiding injection (TST) or not needing a second visit (IGRA). Treatment of LTBI is based on the use of isoniazide and rifampicin in short period of 3 or 4 months, using associations of rifampicin and isoniazide or rifampicin alone. Discussion: Given the estimated high prevalence of LTBI, renewed efforts are required to reduce the number of people with LTBI that includes a registration and monitoring system to observer progress, increased testing, and the use of short treatment guidelines.

History, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Coronaviruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaresh Mishra ◽  
Nisha Nair ◽  
Vishwas Tripathi ◽  
Yamini Pathak ◽  
Jaseela Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
World Health ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence Similarity ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World

: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), reportedly originated from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Coronavirus Disease 2019 rapidly spread all over the world within a short period. On January 30th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a global epidemic. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) virus that evolves to respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and neurological complications, and eventually death. SARS-CoV and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) genome sequences similar identity with 2019-nCoV or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, few amino acid sequences of 2019-nCoV differ from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. COVID-19 shares about 90% amino acid sequence similarity with SARS-CoV. Effective prevention methods should be taken in order to control this pandemic situation. Till now, there are no effective treatments available to treat COVID-19. This review provides information regarding COVID-19 history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular diagnosis. Also, we focus on the development of vaccines in the management of this COVID-19 pandemic and limiting the spread of the virus.

Bioethics in Unani medicine: Relevant quotes from Kamilussanah, a 10th century manuscript

2022 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Ghazala Javed ◽  
Nandini Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
National Level ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO) in its Alma Ata Declaration, 1978, focuses on the development, promotion and recognition of the traditional medical systems. India has taken steps in this direction by recognising Unani medicine with other traditional medical systems practised in India. Presently, Government is promoting integration of the recognised traditional medical systems with conventional medicine at the national level, as an interdisciplinary approach to providing better patient-centred care. Bioethics is a field of enquiry that examines ethical issues and dilemmas emerging from medical care and research involving humans. Although the term ‘bioethics’ was first mentioned in 1927 and later established as a distinct discipline in 1970s, the ethical principles in various contexts had been described centuries ago in the classical texts pertaining to traditional medical systems. Since ethics as a code of conduct was followed by ancient Unani physicians to safeguard the interests of humanity when providing healthcare, it was felt that a review of classical Unani manuscripts should be attempted to give an insight into codes of conduct described by various Unani physicians. In this paper, a 10th century book, “Kamilussanah” authored by Ali ibn Abbas al-Majoosi, also known as Majoosi (930-994 CE), is reviewed through the prism of ethics.

Emergence of a High-Grade Sarcoma in a Recurrent Meningioma: Malignant Progression or Collision Tumor?

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-940
Author(s):  
Buge Oz ◽  
Melike Pekmezci ◽  
Reza Dashti ◽  
Kutlay Karaman ◽  
Cengiz Kuday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Collision Tumor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Multiple Meningiomas ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Grade Sarcoma ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Anaplastic meningiomas that resemble sarcomas often reveal clues to their meningothelial differentiation or develop in a plausible setting that confirms their meningothelial origin. Malignant mesenchymal neoplasms without obvious evidence of meningothelial differentiation or origin are more likely to be true primary or metastatic sarcomas. Because of their clinical and biological differences, it is important to distinguish anaplastic meningioma from a sarcoma. We present a 67-year-old woman with multiple meningiomas, who developed a high-grade spindle cell tumor 6 months after the resection of a World Health Organization grade I meningioma. It was not clear whether this tumor represented a malignant transformation of meningioma or a primary sarcoma. Malignant transformation of a meningioma is exceptional within this short period and a coexisting sarcoma and meningioma are equally uncommon. Even though these malignant neoplasms are rare in general, they appear to be more prevalent in patients with multiple meningiomas including those with neurofibromatosis type 2.

scholarly journals NonRadial Pulsations and the Be Phenomenon

1987 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 463-463
Author(s):  
G. D. Penrod
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Oscillation ◽  
Radial Pulsation ◽  
Be Stars ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Emission Stars ◽  
High Degree

AbstractOver the last three years I have obtained about 2000 spectra of a sample of 25 rapidly rotating Bn and Be stars. All but two of the program stars show obvious line-profile variations due to non-radial oscillations. The non-emission stars are each pulsating in one or two short-period high-degree (l = 4 to 10) modes, while the Be stars are in all cases pulsating in a long-period % = 2 mode, and often in a short-period high-Z mode as well. The amplitude of the pulsations in several stars (λ Eri, o And, ζ 0ph, and 2 Vul) is correlated with the occurrence of Be outbursts. The amplitude of the pulsations is largest before the outbursts, declines slowly during the emission phases to a fraction of its previous amplitude, and then slowly recovers to its previous amplitude, a few months before the onset of the next outburst. The correspondence between the presence of a long-period % = 2 mode and Ha emission in rapidly rotating B stars strongly suggests that non-radial pulsation and rapid rotation are the essential components which enable single early B stars to become Be stars. The time scale between Be outbursts probably reflects the relaxation oscillation cycle of the I = 2 mode excitation and damping.

scholarly journals A super-spreader of SARS-CoV-2 in incubation period among health-care workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaojie Wei ◽  
Yufeng Yuan ◽  
Zhenshun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractSince the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019, it has been characterized as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). It was reported that asymptomatic persons are potential sources of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We present an outbreak among health-care workers incited by a doctor who cared a patient with COVID-19 in a Hospital in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which indicates existence of super-spreader even during incubation period.

scholarly journals Fighting Strategies Against the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: Impact on Global Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bapi Gorain ◽  
Hira Choudhury ◽  
Nagashekhara Molugulu ◽  
Rajani B. Athawale ◽  
Prashant Kesharwani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Sudden outbreak of a new pathogen in numbers of pneumonic patients in Wuhan province during December 2019 has threatened the world population within a short period of its occurrence. This respiratory tract–isolated pathogen was initially named as novel coronavirus 2019 (nCoV-2019), but later termed as SARS-CoV-2. The rapid spreading of this infectious disease received the label of pandemic by the World Health Organization within 4 months of its occurrence, which still seeks continuous attention of the researchers to prevent the spread and for cure of the infected patients. The propagation of the disease has been recorded in 215 countries, with more than 25.5 million cases and a death toll of more than 0.85 million. Several measures are taken to control the disease transmission, and researchers are actively engaged in finding suitable therapeutics to effectively control the disease to minimize the mortality and morbidity rates. Several existing potential candidates were explored in the prevention and treatment of worsening condition of COVID-19 patients; however, none of the formulation has been approved for the treatment but used under medical supervision. In this article, a focus has been made to highlight on current epidemiology on the COVID-19 infection, clinical features, diagnosis, and transmission, with special emphasis on treatment measures of the disease at different stages of clinical research and the global economic influence due to this pandemic situation. Progress in the development on vaccine against COVID-19 has also been explored as important measures to immunize people. Moreover, this article is expected to provide information to the researchers, who are constantly combating in the management against this outbreak.

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