scholarly journals Comparison of African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) fatty acid profiles in whole blood, whole blood dried on blood spot cards, serum, and plasma

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12650
Author(s):  
Jordan Wood ◽  
Larry J. Minter ◽  
Doug Bibus ◽  
Michael K. Stoskopf ◽  
Vivek Fellner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Free Ranging

Background African elephants in managed care have presented differences in the balance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, a situation primarily thought to be due to dietary differences between the managed animals and their free-ranging counterparts. Because of this, circulating fatty acid status is included in routine monitoring of elephant health. A method of blood collection that requires only a few drops of whole blood, dried on filter paper (DBS) and can be used for analyzing full fatty acid profiles offers advantages in clinical application. Methods This study compared the use of whole blood, and whole blood DBS, serum or plasma for use in evaluating circulating fatty acid composition in African savannah elephants. Samples from six African elephants (two males and four females) were collected during the same week at the NC Zoo, Asheboro, NC. Results Results found only 2 of 36 individual fatty acids and none of the 10 fatty acid groupings were different when comparing the four blood fraction sample types to each other with Mann-Whitney U-Test pairwise comparisons. Myristic acid (14:0) was lower in the DBS samples than in whole blood, serum, and plasma and pentadecaenoic acid (15:1) was slightly more concentrated in DBS and whole blood. Discussion Results indicate that fatty acid profile of serum, plasma, whole blood, and DBS are comparable in African elephants. The DBS method offers advantages in acquisition and handling and may be preferable to other methods in both routine health assessment of captive animals and field research on free ranging animals.

scholarly journals Investigation of Dried Blood Spot Cards for Fatty Acid Analysis Using Porcine Blood

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jordan Wood ◽  
Larry J. Minter ◽  
Michael K. Stoskopf ◽  
Doug Bibus ◽  
Dempsy Ange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Spot

Fatty acids, especially omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, are important for reproductive and cardiovascular health in animals. While monitoring fatty acids is traditionally conducted using frozen blood fractions such as serum and plasma, advancements in analytical technology have developed a method of collecting microsamples of dried whole blood on Ahlstrom 226 grade filter paper that can provide information on long-term fatty acid status of animals. Blood samples were collected from five male pigs in both the traditional frozen method and on dried blood spot cards (DBS). The DBS samples were collected with untreated syringes and tubes, and approximately 320 μL of blood was placed on each card with approximately 80 μL per spot (4 spots). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two sample groups to each other using the Mann–Whitney U-test and determine if DBS samples were similar to traditional whole blood samples. Of the 30 fatty acids and fatty acid groups with measurable concentrations, only four individual fatty acids, behenic acid, omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid, nervonic acid, and adrenic acid, had statistical differences. Most of these differences were minor and could be due to analytical errors or contamination. Comparisons between sample types found similar concentrations of key omega fatty acids and PUFAs and support the use of DBS collection as a less invasive method of blood collection and fatty acid analysis.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Biochemical Compounds and Fatty Acid in Marine Microalgae from the East Coast of Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-347
Author(s):  
Kwanchayanawish MACHANA ◽  
Amonrat KANOKRUNG ◽  
Sirinart SRICHAN ◽  
Boonyadist VONGSAK ◽  
Maliwan KUTAKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Ft Ir

Determinations of fatty acid profiles of five microalgae; Amphora sp., Chaetoceros sp., Melosira sp., Bellerochae sp., and Lithodesmium sp., from the east coast of Thailand were evaluated by conventional Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results exhibited that the fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production were the most frequent entities encountered in all microalgae profiles. The GC chromatogram of fatty acid profiles in microalgae showed that both Amphora sp. and Chaetoceros sp. comprised essential omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Additionally, this study assessed whether Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy could be used to evaluate and monitor the biochemical compositions of microalgae, including lipid, carbohydrate, and protein profiles, by using colorimetric methods. Results showed that FT-IR spectra combined with biochemical values of lipid, carbohydrate, and protein contents were used as predictive models generated by partial least square (PLS) regression. Cross-validation of the lipid, protein, and carbohydrate models showed high degrees of statistical accuracy with RMSECV values of approximately 0.5 - 3.22 %, and a coefficient of regression between the actual and predicted values of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were 92.66, 95.73, and 96.43 %, respectively. The RPD values were all high (> 3), indicating good predictive accuracy. This study suggested that FT-IR could be a tool for the simultaneous measurement of microalgae composition of biochemical contents in microalgae cells.

scholarly journals Nutritional Enhancement of Health Beneficial Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Muscle, Liver, Kidney, and Heart of Tattykeel Australian White MARGRA Lambs Fed Pellets Fortified with Omega-3 Oil in a Feedlot System

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Shedrach Benjamin Pewan ◽  
John Roger Otto ◽  
Robert Tumwesigye Kinobe ◽  
Oyelola Abdulwasiu Adegboye ◽  
Aduli Enoch Othniel Malau-Aduli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Composition ◽  
Nutritional Enhancement ◽  
Long Chain

The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional enhancement of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LC-PUFA) composition of edible lamb Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle, heart, kidney, and liver in response to dietary supplementation of lot-fed lambs with or without omega-3 oil fortified pellets. The hypothesis tested was that fortifying feedlot pellets with omega-3 oil will enhance the human health beneficial n-3 LC-PUFA composition of edible lamb muscle tissue and organs. Seventy-five Tattykeel Australian White lambs exclusive to the MARGRA brand, with an average body weight of 30 kg at six months of age, were randomly assigned to the following three dietary treatments of 25 lambs each, and lot-fed as a cohort for 47 days in a completely randomized experimental design: (1) Control grain pellets without oil plus hay; (2) Omega-3 oil fortified grain pellets plus hay; and (3) Commercial whole grain pellets plus hay. All lambs had ad libitum access to the basal hay diet and water. Post-slaughter fatty acid composition of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle, liver, kidney, and heart were determined using thee gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry technique. Results indicated significant variations (p < 0.05) in fatty acid profiles between tissues and organs. Omega-3 oil fortified pellets significantly (p < 0.05) increased ≥C20 n-3 LC-PUFA (C20:5n-3 eicosapentaenoate, EPA + C22:5n3 docosapentaenoate, DPA + C22:6n3 docosahexanoate DHA); C18:3n-3 alpha-linolenate, ALA; C18:2 conjugated linoleic acid, CLA; total monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFA; polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA contents; and reduced the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in all lamb organs and tissues without impacting shelf-life. The findings demonstrate that the inclusion of omega-3 oil in feedlot diets of lambs enhances the human health beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles of edible muscle tissue and organs without compromising meat quality.

scholarly journals Dietary saturated and omega-3 fatty acids affect growth and fatty acid profiles of Malaysian mahseer

2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ramezani-Fard ◽  
Mohd Salleh Kamarudin ◽  
Sharr Azni Harmin ◽  
Che Roos Saad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiling using fingertip-prick whole blood does not require overnight fasting before blood collection

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H. Metherel ◽  
Lindy M. Buzikievich ◽  
Payman Charkhzarin ◽  
Ashley C. Patterson ◽  
Alexandrea C. Peel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiling ◽  
Overnight Fasting

scholarly journals FemaleLeuciscus lepidusMay Be a New Alternative for Fish Oil Supplements

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Cakmak ◽  
Aynur Altuntas ◽  
Veli Ugurcu ◽  
Hacı Kemal Erdemli ◽  
Sumeyya Akyol
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Triacylglycerol Analysis

The proximate composition of male and femaleLeuciscus lepidusin Beyşehir Lake was investigated. The fatty acid profiles of total lipid, phospholipid, and triacylglycerol in muscle and liver of male and femaleL. lepiduswere evaluated by gas chromatography. Proximate analyses showed that meat of male and femaleL. lepidushad 15.13 ± 0.04 and 18.75 ± 0.11% fat, 20.42 ± 0.45 and 22.21 ± 0.56% protein, 65.47 ± 1.37 and 61.28 ± 1.03% moisture, and 1.51 ± 0.05 and 1.50 ± 0.03% ash, respectively. The percentage of total saturated fatty acids was higher in liver than in muscle, whereas the total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was the lowest in all fatty acid profiles. The phospholipids contained more PUFAs than triacylglycerol. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences (P<0.05) between male (47.51%) and female (49.98%) muscle PUFAs in total lipid. The proportion of omega 3 (ω3) to omega 6 (ω6) fatty acids of total lipid was 3.15 in male and 3.68 in female. The ratio is an important indicator for comparing the value of fish oil. Therefore, it was concluded thatL. lepiduswas considered to be a high quality product for healthy food choice. Additionally, femaleL. lepidusmay especially be used to produce fish oil supplements from freshwater fish combined with vegetable oils.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte fatty acid profiles can predict acute non-fatal myocardial infarction

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsoon Park ◽  
Jeehyun Lim ◽  
Jaeung Lee ◽  
Soon-gil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fatal Myocardial Infarction

The risk of CHD has been linked to n-3 and trans-fatty acids. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the hypothesis that lower n-3 fatty acids and higher trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with an increased risk of acute non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and that fatty acid profiles can discriminate MI cases from controls. Fifty cases with acute non-fatal MI and fifty age- and sex-matched controls without MI were recruited. The Omega-3 Index (the sum of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes) was significantly lower in cases than controls (9·57 (sem 0·28) v. 11·81 (sem 0·35) %; P < 0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were significantly higher (1·01 (sem 0·04) v. 0·56 (sem 0·03) %; P < 0·001). The Omega-3 Index was associated with decreased risk of MI (OR 0·08 (95 % CI 0·02, 0·38); P = 0·001), while total trans-fatty acids were associated with an increased risk of MI (OR 72·67 (95 % CI 6·68, 790·74); P < 0·001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of fatty acid profiles was larger than that for traditional risk factors, suggesting that fatty acid profiles make a higher contribution to the discrimination of MI cases from controls compared with modified Framingham risk factors. In conclusion, a higher Omega-3 Index and lower trans-fatty acids in erythrocytes are associated with a decreased risk of MI. Furthermore, fatty acid profiles improve discrimination of acute non-fatal MI compared with established risk factors.

A comparative assessment of the fatty acid profiles and antioxidant status of supermarket eggs

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gaffney ◽  
Rachel O'Rourke ◽  
Jules Taylor-Pickard ◽  
Richard Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nutrient Deposition ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Egg Yolks

SummaryNutrient deposition in eggs is largely dictated by the dietary composition of laying hen feed, particularly in terms of specific fatty acids and antioxidants. In the present study, the nutritional quality of a range of commercially available egg varieties, marketed as omega-3 enriched; corn-fed; free range and standard caged, were assessed by determining fatty acid profiles and antioxidant status. Across each egg variety, significant differences were observed in key fatty acids such as palmitic, oleic, linoleic, alpha-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (P ≤ 0.05). Egg yolks enriched with a stated dietary source of omega-3 fatty acid DHA were shown to have significantly improved levels of DHA (P ≤ 0.05), approximately 4.5-fold higher than standard caged eggs. Compared with free range, corn fed and caged, eggs from diets enriched with a source of omega-3 were shown to have considerably altered omega-6: omega-3 ratios, amounting to 1.5–2.1 fold reductions. Yolk antioxidant activity was improved for omega-3 enriched eggs, particularly in hexane fractionated samples. The inclusion of omega-3 fatty acids to the diet resulted in eggs with improved DHA contents and antioxidant status, highlighting the importance of poultry diet composition for egg nutritional quality.

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