scholarly journals Changes in pigment, spectral transmission and element content of pink chicken eggshells with different pigment intensity during incubation

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yu ◽  
Zhanming Li ◽  
Jinming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Spectral Transmission ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Visible Wavelength Range ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Eggshell Pigmentation ◽  
Light Medium ◽  
Pink Pigment

Objective.The objective of this study was to investigate changes in pigment, spectral transmission and element content of chicken eggshells with different intensities of pink pigment during the incubation period. We also investigated the effects of the region (small pole, equator and large pole) and pink pigment intensity of the chicken eggshell on the percent transmission of light passing through the chicken eggshells.Method.Eggs of comparable weight from a meat-type breeder (Meihuang) were used, and divided based on three levels of pink pigment (light, medium and dark) in the eggshells. During the incubation (0–21 d), the values of the eggshell pigment (ΔE,L∗,a∗,b∗) were measured. The percent transmission of light for different regions and intensities of eggshell pigmentation was measured by using the visible wavelength range of 380–780 nm.Result.Three measured indicators of eggshell color, ΔE,L∗anda∗, did not change significantly during incubation. Compared with other regions and pigment intensities, eggshell at the small pole and with light pigmentation intensity showed the highest percent transmission of light. The transmission value varied significantly (P< 0.001) with incubation time. The element analysis of eggshells with different levels of pink pigment showed that the potassium content of the eggshells for all pigment levels decreased significantly during incubation.Conclusion.In summary, pigment intensity and the region of the eggshell influenced the percent transmission of light of eggshell. Differences in the spectral characteristics of different eggshells may influence the effects of photostimulation during the incubation of eggs. All of these results will be applicable for perfecting the design of light intensity for lighted incubation to improve productivity.

Charge Transfer Complexes of Aromatic Nitrocompounds with Disubstituted Naphthalenes. I.Spectroscopic Investigation of the Donor Behaviour of the 2,6- and 23-Dimethylnaphthalene

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1274-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Abdel-Kader ◽  
R. M. Issa ◽  
M. M. Ayad ◽  
M. S. Abdel-Mottaleb
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Aromatic Nitrocompounds ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Donor Behaviour ◽  
Ct Complexes

The charge transfer complexes of 2,3- (I) and 2,6-Dimethylnaphthalenes (II) as electron donors with tri- and di-nitrobenzenes as electron acceptors are prepared and investigated by element analysis, IR. 1H nmr and electronic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that I yields CT complexes of 1:1 type only while II is capable of forming 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (donor: acceptor) compounds. The spectral characteristics of the CT complexes are pointed out and discussed. The difference in the donor behaviour between I and II is explained in the light of PPP-MO calculations.

Effect of Heat Treatment Technology on Property of Sodium-Sulfur Battery Cathode Carbon Felt

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Yu Zhen Liu ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Wei Wei Cao ◽  
Zhi Tao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Carbon Felt ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Heat Treatment Technology ◽  
Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sodium Sulfur Battery ◽  
Sodium Sulfur

The heat treatment technology of PAN based carbon felt used for sodium-sulfur battery was studied. The influence of different heat treatment technologies on element content of felt and the microstructure of graphitized felt was investigated by the element analysis, Raman spectroscopy. The relationship between element content and resistivity of felt was discussed. Results showed that the oxidation time was shorter, the oxygen content of the stabilized felt was lower, which resulted in higher carbon content of graphitized felt. Thus the higher degree of graphitization produced the more regular structure and the lower resistivity of the felt.

An analysis of the element content of lichens from the Northwest Territories, Canada

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (19) ◽  
pp. 2073-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Puckett ◽  
E. J. Finegan
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Element Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Crustal Rock ◽  
Multiple Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis

The results of a survey of the element content of saxicolous and terricolous lichens collected from the Northwest Territories, Canada, are summarized. Fourteen lichen species were collected from 45 sites and the lichens were analysed for 20 elements by instrumental neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence.An enrichment factor (EF) was calculated for each element analysis. The elements aluminium, chromium, iron, sodium, titanium, and vanadium had mean EF values of 1–5 for all species. These low EF values indicated that, relative to average values for crustal rock, there was no enrichment of these elements in the lichens concerned. For other elements (chlorine, lead, and sulphur) consistently higher EF values were obtained. These higher values were interpreted in terms of (a) differing methods of element accumulation, (b) sources of elements both natural and anthropogenic other than crustal rock and (or) soil, and (c) marked deviations of the actual substrate concentrations from the average crustal-rock concentrations used.The underlying structure of the data from some species was investigated using ordination techniques. These techniques provided some description of the element associations within the lichen thallus. These element associations were examined in relation to sources external to the plant. A principal component analysis was carried out on the data for each of three species, Cetraria cucullata, C. nivalis, and Cladina stellaris. In all cases, the first five principal components explained 81–89% of the variation in the data. One component which had high weightings for aluminium, scandium, and vanadium (with or without iron, nickel, and titanium) was common to all three species. Similarly, a second component with high weightings for calcium (with or without magnesium and potassium) was a consistent feature of each analysis. These and other components were considered in the context of lichen enrichment from crust-derived particulates, the marine aerosol, and certain anthropogenic sources. The high percentage of variation explained by the first five components strongly indicated that the major element sources contributing to this variation were considered. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling supported the principal component solution.There was considerable interspecific variation in the element content of the lichens. Univariate analysis of variance did not show any significant differences between the element content of Cladina arbuscula, C. rangiferina, and C. stellaris or any differences between Cetraria cucullata and C. nivalis on the basis of any single element. However, multiple discriminant analysis did show that the species mentioned could be distinguished (~ 90% discrimination) when all the elements were compared simultaneously. The discrimination between the Cladina spp. was based on the relative efficiency of these lichens in the accumulation of iron, scandium, titanium, and vanadium.

scholarly journals Investigation of Band-Pass Filters of K-Range on Rectangular Concentric Resonators

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
V. V. Komarov ◽  
S. K. Bushanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Microwave Filters ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Microwave Range ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Cavity Resonators ◽  
Microwave Engineering ◽  
New Type ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals

Introduction. Simple-shaped cavity resonators: rectangular, cylindrical and coaxial, are widely applied in modern microwave engineering in design of different functional devices of middle and high power levels. Parameters of resonators can be obtained analytically by using expressions from literature. Concentric resonators, performed on the basis of classical simple-shaped cavities with a central metallic core represent a new class of electrodynamic systems of microwave range, the properties of which remain poorly studied. One of these structures, named a rectangular concentric resonator (RCR) is proposed in the paper as a basic unit of K-band bandpass filters (18...26 GHz).Aim. To study potential possibilities of RCR for creation electromagnetic signals filtration devices of micro wave range.Materials and methods. The finite element method implemented in the package COMSOL was used to investigate electrodynamic characteristics of RCR and scattering matrix parameters of the microwave filters on RCR basis.Results. Simple polynomial expressions for computation of normalized resonant wavelengths of RCR were obtained at the first stage of modeling. Next, two models of passband microwave filters by RCR with different sizes were built and their EM characteristics were studied. Cavities sizes were determined numerically and practical recommendations on the realization of a new type bandpass microwave filters were formulated.Conclusion. New results of the finite-element analysis of spectral characteristics of two models of bandpass Krange filters on rectangular concentric resonators were represented. The advantages of the filters were indicated. Simple analytical expressions for calculation of the resonance wavelengths of the considered concentric resonators were obtained.

A Study of Mechanical Property of Eggshell with Inverse Method and Finite Element Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 542-546
Author(s):  
Jetsadaporn Priyadumkol ◽  
Chakrit Suvanjumrat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Inverse Method ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Coupling Calculation

This research proposed an inverse method to calculate the mechanical property of a chicken eggshell. The optimization method had been performed to determine the simulated results of the finite element analysis in order to predict Young’s Modulus of the eggshell. To obtain an accurate mechanical property of the eggshell, the finite element analysis was verified by comparison with the experimental results. There was found that the error of the coupling calculation method between the inverse method and finite element method was less than 0.1%. Consequently, the inverse method and finite element analysis can be used to determine the mechanical property of the other eggshell types in the further work.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Cloud Detection in Scenes with Snow/Ice Using High Resolution Sentinel-2 Images

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Han ◽  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Zhiheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Matched Filter ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Cloud Detection ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Visible Wavelength Range ◽  
Number Frequency ◽  
Detection Effect ◽  
Sentinel 2

The recognition of snow versus clouds causes difficulties in cloud detection because of the similarity between cloud and snow spectral characteristics in the visible wavelength range. This paper presents a novel approach to distinguish clouds from snow to improve the accuracy of cloud detection and allow an efficient use of satellite images. Firstly, we selected thick and thin clouds from high resolution Sentinel-2 images and applied a matched filter. Secondly, the fractal digital number-frequency (DN-N) algorithm was applied to detect clouds associated with anomalies. Thirdly, spatial analyses, particularly spatial overlaying and hotspot analyses, were conducted to eliminate false anomalies. The results indicate that the method is effective for detecting clouds with various cloud covers over different areas. The resulting cloud detection effect possesses specific advantages compared to classic methods, especially for satellite images of snow and brightly colored ground objects with spectral characteristics similar to those of clouds.

Computer programs for the calculation of x-ray intensities emitted by elements in multi-layer structures

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
G.F. Bastin ◽  
H.J.M. Heijligers ◽  
J.M. Dijkstra
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Matrix Correction ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Know How ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Bulk Matrix

For the calculation of X-ray intensities emitted by elements present in multi-layer systems it is vital to have an accurate knowledge of the x-ray ionization vs. mass-depth (ϕ(ρz)) curves as a function of accelerating voltage and atomic number of films and substrate. Once this knowledge is available the way is open to the analysis of thin films in which both the thicknesses as well as the compositions can usually be determined simultaneously.Our bulk matrix correction “PROZA” with its proven excellent performance for a wide variety of applications (e.g., ultra-light element analysis, extremes in accelerating voltage) has been used as the basis for the development of the software package discussed here. The PROZA program is based on our own modifications of the surface-centred Gaussian ϕ(ρz) model, originally introduced by Packwood and Brown. For its extension towards thin film applications it is required to know how the 4 Gaussian parameters α, β, γ and ϕ(o) for each element in each of the films are affected by the film thickness and the presence of other layers and the substrate.

An improved interference correction for trace element analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1646-1647
Author(s):  
John J. Donovan ◽  
Donald A. Snyder ◽  
Mark L. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Simple Expression ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
Analytical Line ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Calculated Concentration ◽  
X Ray

We present a simple expression for the quantitative treatment of interference corrections in x-ray analysis. WDS electron probe analysis of standard reference materials illustrate the success of the technique.For the analytical line of wavelength λ of any element A which lies near or on any characteristic line of another element B, the observed x-ray counts at We use to denote x-ray counts excited by element i in matrix j (u=unknown; s=analytical standard; ŝ=interference standard) at the wavelength of the analytical line of A, λA (Fig. 1). Quantitative analysis of A requires an accurate estimate of These counts can be estimated from the ZAF calculated concentration of B in the unknown C,Bu measured counts at λA in an interference standard of known concentration of B (and containing no A), and ZAF correction parameters for the matrices of both the unknown and the interference standard at It can be shown that:

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