scholarly journals Effect of orthodontic debonding and residual adhesive removal on 3D enamel microroughness

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Janiszewska-Olszowska ◽  
Robert Tomkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Tandecka ◽  
Piotr Stepien ◽  
Tomasz Szatkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Enamel Roughness ◽  
One Step ◽  
Adhesive Removal ◽  
Limited Surface

BackgroundTermination of fixed orthodontic treatment is associated with bracket debonding and residual adhesive removal. These procedures increase enamel roughness to a degree that should depend on the tool used. Enamel roughening may be associated with bacterial retention and staining. However, a very limited data exists on the alteration of 3D enamel roughness resulting from the use of different tools for orthodontic clean-up.Aims1. To perform a precise assessment of 3D enamel surface roughness resulting from residual adhesive removal following orthodontic debonding molar tubes.2. To compare enamel surfaces resulting from the use of tungsten carbide bur, a one-step polisher and finisher and Adhesive Residue Remover.Material and MethodsBuccal surfaces of forty-five extracted human third molars were analysed using a confocal laser microscope at the magnification of 1080× and 3D roughness parameters were calculated. After 20 s etching, molar tubes were bonded, the teeth were stored in 0.9% saline solution for 24 hours and debonded. Residual adhesive was removed using in fifteen specimen each: a twelve-fluted tungsten carbide bur, a one-step finisher and polisher and Adhesive Residue Remover. Then, surface roughness analysis was repeated. Data normality was assessed using Shapiro–Wilk test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare between variables of normal distribution and for the latter—Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsSa (arithmetical mean height) was significantly different between the groups (p= 0, 01326); the smoothest and most repeatable surfaces were achieved using Adhesive Residue Remover. Similarly, Sq (root mean square height of the scale-limited surface) had the lowest and most homogenous values for Adhesive Residue Remover (p= 0, 01108). Sz (maximum height of the scale-limited surface) was statistically different between the groups (p= 0, 0327), however no statistically significant differences were found concerning Ssk (skewness of the scale-limited surface).DiscussionConfocal laser microscopy allowed 3D surface analysis of enamel surface, avoiding the limitations of contact profilometry. Tungsten carbide burs are the most popular adhesive removing tools, however, the results of the present study indicate, that a one step polisher and finisher as well as Adhesive Residue Remover are less detrimental to the enamel. This is in agreement with a recent study based on direct 3D scanning enamel surface. It proved, that a one-step finisher and polisher as well as Adhesive Residue Remover are characterized by a similar effectiveness in removing residual remnants as tungsten carbide bur, but they remove significantly less enamel.ConclusionOrthodontic debonding and removal of adhesive remnants increases enamel roughness. The smoothest surfaces were achieved using Adhesive Residue Remover, and the roughest using tungsten carbide bur.

scholarly journals Evaluation of enamel surface after bracket debonding and adhesive removal with six different methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 404-409
Author(s):  
Adriana Arbutina ◽  
Marijana Arapovic-Savic ◽  
Mirjana Umicevic-Davidovic ◽  
Irena Kuzmanovic-Radman ◽  
Nenad Nedeljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Adhesive Removal ◽  
Microscopy Images

Introduction/Objective. After an orthodontic brackets debonding procedure it is necessary to remove any residual adhesive from the tooth surface, as this is a common cause of enamel damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the enamel surface after the application of six different methods of adhesive removal following brackets debonding, as well as to compare the duration of these procedures. Methods. For the purpose of this study, 245 human premolars were extracted as part of the orthodontic treatment. Metal brackets were bonded to 210 human premolars with the Aspire adhesive system. After the debonding of brackets, the samples were divided into six groups according to the adhesive removal method applied: tapered fissure tungsten carbide bur, round tungsten carbide bur, composite bur, abrasive disc, adhesive removing pliers, and ultrasonic scaler. Out of 245 premolars, 35 served as a control group. The duration of adhesive removal was recorded. Enamel damages were estimated according to the enamel surface index on the scanning electron microscopy images. Results. Maximum preservation of the enamel surface was accomplished by using a composite bur (1.08). The application of abrasive disc was significantly less time-consuming in comparison to the application of a composite bur (p < 0.01) and an ultrasonic scaler (p < 0.01). Conclusion. The most harmful for the enamel surface was the use of an ultrasonic scaler as well as a round tungsten carbide bur. Adhesive removal done by an abrasive disc thus proved one of the least damaging and the least time-consuming methods.

scholarly journals Enamel Roughness Changes after Removal of Orthodontic Adhesive

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Weidenbach Degrazia ◽  
Bruna Genari ◽  
Vilmar Antonio Ferrazzo ◽  
Ary dos Santos-Pinto ◽  
Renésio Armindo Grehs
Keyword(s):  
Damage Index ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Enamel Roughness ◽  
Adhesive Removal ◽  
Micromorphological Analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate enamel roughness, quality of the enamel surfaces and time duration comparing different orthodontic adhesive removal protocols. Premolars were used to test three adhesive removal methods (n = 20): five-blade carbide bur, 30-blade carbide bur, and ultrasonic diamond bur. Bracket was bonded using TransbondTM XT adhesive. Roughness with different parameters was measured before bracket bonding and after adhesive remnants removal. Micromorphological analysis of enamel surface (n = 5) was performed by SEM images and categorized in enamel damage index—“perfect”; “satisfying”; “imperfect”; and “unacceptable”. Time was measured in seconds. All removal methods caused increased roughness in relation to Ra, Rq, and Rz parameters (X axis) comparing to healthy enamel surface. Enamel surface resulted from removal using five-blade burs was scored as satisfactory. Carbide bur groups decreased the roughness values of Ra, Rq, and Rz parameters on the Y axis and enamel surface was considered unacceptable. The 30-blade group increased symmetry (Rsk) and flattening (Rku) parameters of roughness and surface was scored as unsatisfactory. Diamond bur removed adhesive in 54.8 s, faster than five-blade carbide bur. The five-blade bur group resulted in less enamel roughness than the 30-blade and diamond groups.

A Comparative Study of Carbide Tools in Drilling of CFRP and CFRP-Ti Stacks

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Beal ◽  
Dave Dae-Wook Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hee Park ◽  
Patrick Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Twist Drills

A comparative study was conducted to investigate drilling of a titanium (Ti) plate stacked on a carbon fiber reinforced plastic panel. The effects on tool wear and hole quality in drilling using micrograin tungsten carbide (WC) tools were analyzed. The experiments were designed to first drill CFRP alone to create 20 holes. Then CFRP-Ti stacks were drilled for the next 20 holes with the same drill bit. This process was repeated until drill failure. The drilling was done with tungsten carbide (WC) twist drills at two different speeds (high and low). The feed rate was kept the same for each test, but differs for each material drilled. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM), were used for tool wear analysis. Hole size and profile, surface roughness, and Ti burrs were analyzed using a coordinate measuring system, profilometer, and an optical microscope with a digital measuring device. The experimental results indicate that the Ti drilling accelerated WC flank wear while CFRP drilling deteriorated the cutting edge. Entry delamination, hole diameter errors, and surface roughness of the CFRP plate became more pronounced during drilling of CFRP-Ti stacks, when compared with the results from CFRP only drilling. Damage to CFRP holes during CFRP-Ti stack drilling may be caused by Ti chips, Ti adhesion on the tool outer edge, and increased instability as the drill bits wear.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ENAMEL SURFACE AFTER APPLICATION OF TUNGSTEN CARBIDE BUR FOR RESIDUAL ADHESIVE REMOVAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijana Arapović Savić ◽  
Adriana Arbutina ◽  
Mirjana Umićević Davidović ◽  
Vladan Mirjanić ◽  
Irena Kuzmanović Radman
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Adhesive Removal

Enamel damage often occurs in a process of adhesive removal after the completion of therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enamel surface after applying a 12-fluted round tungsten carbide bur for adhesive removal at different speeds of dental micro motor after debonding brackets. Material and method: On 40 human premolars, extracted for orthodontic purposes, metal brackets were bonded with composite material. After removing the brackets, the sample was divided into two groups: group A - 20 teeth from which the rest of the composite material was removed with a round tungsten carbide bur at 8,000 rotations per minute and group B - 20 teeth from which the rest of adhesive was removed with a round tungsten carbide bur at 32,000 rotations per minute. For each sample, four images were made under different magnifications by scanning electron microscopy, and the damage estimation was performed using the Enamel damage index (EDI) and Surface roughness index (SRI). Results: The most common EDI score on the overall level was 3 (62.5%), while the most commonly represented SRI score was 2 (52.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in the average values of the EDI index (t (38) = -.96, p> .05) and in the average SRI index values (t (38) = -. 89, p> .05) between two tooth examined groups. Conclusion: Enamel damage was found after applying a round tungsten carbide bur at 8,000 and 32,000 rpm. The number of rotations per minute did not affect the size of enamel damage.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF AL7075-T6 ALLOY MACHINED BY EDM

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Maria Balanou ◽  
Lazaros-Emmanouil Papazoglou ◽  
Angelos P. Markopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Pulse On Time

Electrical discharge machining is one of the most important non-conventional machining processes for removing material from electrically conductive materials by the use of controlled electric discharges. EDM is a non-contact machining process, therefore, is free from mechanical stresses. This paper investigates the machining Al7075-T6 alloy by EDM using a copper electrode. Al7075-T6 alloy was selected, because of its growing use in a lot of engineering applications. The effect of electrical parameters, peak current and pulse-on time, on the surface integrity, was studied. Area surface roughness parameters (arithmetical mean height, Sa, and maximum height, Sz) were measured on all samples and 3D surface characterization has been carried out with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The experimental results showed that the surface roughness is mainly affected by the pulse-on time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enamel Surface after Removal of Adhesive Resin: An in Vitro Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Geeta Pyakurel ◽  
Gazi Shamim Hassan ◽  
Mahmood Sajedeen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Tungsten

Introduction: Preservation of the enamel surface during the removal of orthodontic appliance is an essential aspect for clinicians. However, various therapeutic measures can affect the enamel surface. The objective of the research is to evaluate the roughness of enamel surface after the removal of adhesive resin. Materials & Method: 40 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into two groups and the enamel surfaces were initially subjected to profilometer for the assessment of surface roughness. Following bracket bonding, debonding was done and adhesive resin was removed by stainless steel bur in Group A and tungsten carbide bur in Group B. Again, the surface roughness was measured by profilometer. Independent t-test was performed to compare the enamel surface roughness between two groups and paired t-test to compare the enamel surface roughness within the groups. Result: The mean average surface roughness of stainless steel bur was 27.009 ± 4.8420 μm and tungsten carbide was 31.426 ± 5.0956 μm. The result showed that there was significant difference in enamel surface roughness between two groups. Conclusion: The roughness values were found to be significantly decreased with the use of stainless steel bur (SS) than tungsten carbide bur (TC).

scholarly journals Enamel surface roughness assessment after debonding, employing three different removal methods.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1511-1517
Author(s):  
Uzma Ijaz ◽  
Kashif Haroon ◽  
Saad Haroon ◽  
Taimoor Khan ◽  
Raheela Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Hand Piece ◽  
Roughness Assessment ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
Instruments And Techniques

The search for an efficient and safe resin removal method after debonding has resulted in the introduction of a wide array of instruments and techniques. In the previously, safety of rotary instruments was limited to inspecting the surface under a scanning electron microscope that lacks a quantitative scale. In this study, comparative assessment of the enamel roughness was done quantitavely using surface profilometer. Objectives: To evaluate quantitatively the enamel surface roughness following debonding using three different resin removal methods (composite removing pliers, ultrasonic scaler and low speed Tungsten Carbide bur). Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Orthodontic clinic of Ihsan Mumtaz Hospital Lahore and PCSIR (Lahore). Period: 6 months from June 2018 to December 2018. Material and Methods: Ninety, healthy extracted maxillary premolars were taken and subjected to profilometric analysis to register four roughness parameters. Brackets were bonded and all specimens were immersed in distilled water for one week. After debonding, teeth were randomly divided into three groups and subjected to different resin removal methods. A second roughness recording was taken and compared with roughness at baseline interval. Enamel surface roughness with three resin removal methods were also compared with one other. Data Analysis: SPSS Version 20.0 was used. Paired t test was applied within three groups separately to establish the comparison between the enamel surface roughnesses at baseline. One way ANOVA was used to establish the comparison of increase in enamel surface roughness among three study groups compared using different resin removal methods (slow speed tungsten carbide bur, ultrasonic scaler and composite removing pliers). Results: Slow speed tungsten carbide bur created the least increase in enamel surface roughness while ultra-sonic scaler had the most elevated values. Conclusion: Enamel surface roughness following debonding can be minimized with the use of tungsten carbide bur for resin removal in a slow speed hand piece.

Analysis of enamel surface roughness after different adhesive removal techniques for orthodontic bracket debonding

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
John A. Palmer ◽  
Thomas Mang ◽  
Sawsan Tabbaa ◽  
Thikriat Al-Jewair
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Orthodontic Bracket ◽  
Adhesive Removal

scholarly journals One-step preparation of antimicrobial silicone materials based on PDMS and salicylic acid: insights from spatially and temporally resolved techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Barbieri ◽  
Ioritz Sorzabal Bellido ◽  
Alison J. Beckett ◽  
Ian A. Prior ◽  
Jo Fothergill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
One Step

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a one-step strategy that is suitable for continuous flow manufacturing of antimicrobial PDMS materials. The process is based on the intrinsic capacity of PDMS to react to certain organic solvents, which enables the incorporation of antimicrobial actives such as salicylic acid (SA), which has been approved for use in humans within pharmaceutical products. By combining different spectroscopic and imaging techniques, we show that the surface properties of PDMS remain unaffected while high doses of the SA are loaded inside the PDMS matrix. The SA can be subsequently released under physiological conditions, delivering a strong antibacterial activity. Furthermore, encapsulation of SA inside the PDMS matrix ensured a diffusion-controlled release that was tracked by spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance IR (ATR-IR), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The biological activity of the new material was evaluated directly at the surface and in the planktonic state against model pathogenic bacteria, combining confocal laser scanning microscopy, electron microscopy, and cell viability assays. The results showed complete planktonic inhibition for clinically relevant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and a reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude for viable sessile cells, demonstrating the efficacy of these surfaces in preventing the initial stages of biofilm formation. Our approach adds a new option to existing strategies for the antimicrobial functionalisation of a wide range of products such as catheters, wound dressings and in-dwelling medical devices based on PDMS.

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