scholarly journals Dietary flavonoids of Spanish youth: intakes, sources, and association with the Mediterranean diet

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowaedh Ahmed Bawaked ◽  
Helmut Schröder ◽  
Lourdes Ribas Barba ◽  
Gabriela Cárdenas ◽  
Luis Peña-Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Representative National Sample ◽  
Kidmed Index

BackgroundPlant-based diets have been linked to high diet quality and reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. The health impact of plant-based diets might be partially explained by the concomitant intake of flavonoids. Estimation of flavonoids intake in adults has been important for the development of dietary recommendations and interventions for the prevention of weight gain and its consequences. However, estimation of flavonoids intake in children and adolescents is limited.MethodsAverage daily intake and sources of flavonoids were estimated for a representative national sample of 3,534 children and young people in Spain, aged 2–24 years. The data was collected between 1998 and 2000 by 24-h recalls. The Phenol-Explorer database and the USDA database on flavonoids content were used. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the KIDMED index.ResultsThe mean and median intakes of total flavonoids were 70.7 and 48.1 mg/day, respectively. The most abundant flavonoid class was flavan-3-ols (35.7%), with fruit being the top food source of flavonoids intake (42.8%). Total flavonoids intake was positively associated with the KIDMED index (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of this study provide primary information about flavonoids intake and main food sources in Spanish children, adolescents and young adults. Participants with high daily mean intake of flavonoids have higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

scholarly journals Health behaviours as predictors of the Mediterranean Diet adherence: a decision tree approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Joana Margarida Bôto ◽  
Ana Marreiros ◽  
Patrícia Diogo ◽  
Ezequiel Pinto ◽  
Maria Palma Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interaction Detection ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Kidmed Index

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to identify health behaviours that determine adolescent’s adherence to the Mediterranean Diet through a decision tree statistical approach Design: Cross-sectional study, with data collected through a self-fulfilment questionnaire with five sections: 1) eating habits; 2) adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (KIDMED Index); 3) physical activity; 4) health habits; 5) sociodemographic characteristics. Anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected by a trained research team. The Automatic Chi-square Interaction Detection (CHAID) method was used to identify health behaviours that contribute to a better adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Setting: Eight public secondary schools, in Algarve, Portugal. Participants: Adolescents with ages between 15 and 19 years old (n 325). Results: According to the KIDMED Index, we found a low adherence to MD in 9.0% of the participants, an intermediate adherence in 45.5% and a high adherence in 45.5%. Participants that regularly have breakfast, eat vegetable soup, have a second piece of fruit per day, eat fresh or cooked vegetables one or more times a day, eat oleaginous fruits at least 2 to 3 times a week, and practice sports and leisure physical activities outside school show higher adherence to the MD (P <0.001). Conclusions: The daily intake of two pieces of fruit and vegetables proved to be a determinant health behaviour for high adherence to MD. Strategies to promote the intake of these foods among adolescents must be developed and implemented.

Mediterranean diet and waist circumference in a representative national sample of young Spaniards

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Schröder ◽  
Michelle A. Mendez ◽  
Lourdes Ribas-Barba ◽  
Maria-Isabel Covas ◽  
Lluis Serra-Majem
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Representative National Sample

scholarly journals Self-Perceived Physical Activity and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Healthy Adolescents during COVID-19: Findings from the DIMENU Pilot Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Angelo Galluccio ◽  
Giovanna Caparello ◽  
Ennio Avolio ◽  
Emanuele Manes ◽  
Simona Ferraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Wellness Programs ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Self ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mediterranean Diet Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

The global pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) resulted in restrictions which forced adolescents to stay at home and influenced their food habits and lifestyles with potential negative health impact. This study aims to investigate the self-reported physical activity (PA) and eating habits related to the consumption of Mediterranean foods in a sample of adolescents during the COVID-19 lockdown enrolled into the DIMENU study. A web survey was launched for 91 adolescents (aged 15–17 years) to assess their adherence to the Mediterranean Diet using the KIDMED test and lifestyle habits using a questionnaire designed following recommendations by Italian National Institute of Health (ISS score). Our results indicate that most of the sample declared no changes in eating habits and PA without sex differences. After dividing the sample into active and sedentary groups based on the self-perceived PA, we found that KIDMED and ISS scores were significantly higher (p = 0.0028 and p = 0.0001, respectively) in active adolescents. Moreover, KIDMED was positively correlated with ISS only in active adolescents (r = 0.311, p = 0.0185). In conclusion, our data underline the impact of the PA on the Mediterranean diet adherence in adolescents during the lockdown, suggesting the usefulness of promoting wellness programs directed towards inactive individuals to increase their awareness on the importance of healthy lifestyles.

Diet

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Nabel
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Vegetable Foods ◽  
Fiber Proteins

An unhealthy diet is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and conditions related to obesity. In the 20th century, the average American diet shifted from one based on fresh, minimally processed vegetable foods to one based on animal products and highly refined, processed foods, leading to an increased consumption of calories, fat, cholesterol, refined sugar, animal protein, sodium, and alcohol and far less fiber and starch than was healthful. As a result, more than one third of US adults are obese, with an estimated medical cost of $147 billion. Physicians have an important role in educating patients about healthful nutrition and in providing dietary guidelines. This module discusses the role of energy in weight loss; the structure of fat and cholesterol, their effects on blood lipid levels and cardiovascular risk, and related dietary recommendations; carbohydrates; dietary fiber; proteins; vitamin and mineral consumption; water and food consumption; and the relationship between diet and health. Tables review the principles of a healthy diet; recommended daily intake of fat and other nutrients; types of dietary fiber and representative food sources; types of vitamins; essential minerals and trace elements; and dietary guidelines for healthy people. Figures include a graph showing the percentage of adults who are healthy weight, overweight, and obese and the structure of fat and cholesterol. This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 37 references.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study on Prenatal Levels of Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet: Maternal Profile and Effects on the Newborn

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Peraita-Costa ◽  
Agustín Llopis-González ◽  
Alfredo Perales-Marín ◽  
Ferran Sanz ◽  
Agustín Llopis-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Folic Acid Supplements ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a dietary pattern with important benefits. The objectives of this study were to assess the adherence to the MD among pregnant women in Valencia (Spain) and characterize the pregnant women according to their level of adherence. Finally, we aimed to examine the role of MD adherence during pregnancy in the anthropometric development of the newborn. The study included 492 pregnant women who were followed at La Fe Hospital in 2017. The self-administered “Kidmed” questionnaire for data collection on dietary information evaluation was used and a clinical history review of mothers and newborns was performed. Two groups of mothers were identified: those with low adherence (LA) and optimal adherence (OA). The study revealed that 40.2% of the women showed LA to the MD. The newborns born to these women presented a higher risk of being small for gestational age (SGA) {adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.68; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–5.46} when adjusting for parental body mass index (BMI) and multiple gestation, but not when adjusting for all significant possible confounders (aOR = 2.32; 95% CI 0.69–7.78). The association between MD and SGA was not significantly affected by the use of iron and folic acid supplements (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI 0.66–10.65). The profile of the pregnant woman with LA is that of a young smoker, with a low level of education and a low daily intake of dairy products. These results suggest that LA to the MD is not associated with a higher risk of giving birth to a SGA newborn.

scholarly journals Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of functional constipation in children in Turkey: case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-594
Author(s):  
Ulas Akbulut ◽  
Ishak Isik ◽  
Atike Atalay ◽  
Ismail Topal
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Kidmed Index ◽  
Control Study

Background: Functional constipation is often seen in children, affecting quality of life and imposing a considerable burden on health care services. The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between functional constipation and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Turkish children aged 6–18 years. Methods: In this case–control study, 221 children with functional constipation (cases) were selected from a paediatric gastroenterology clinic between May 2018 and September 2019, and 230 children without constipation (controls) were randomly selected from those attending a well-child check-up. Cases and controls were matched on sex, age and socioeconomic characteristics. Compliance with the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED index score. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyses the data. Results: KIDMED index scores in cases and controls were 4.0 (SD = 2.5) and 6.3 (SD = 2.4), respectively (P < 0.001). Odds ratios for functional constipation were 0.23 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13–0.38) for KIDMED index score 4–7 and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03–0.11) for score ≥ 8 compared with the lowest category (score ≤ 3; P < 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between age and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusion: Good adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of functional constipation, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreased with age. Education on nutrition and health is warranted to help maintain and improve the health of young people in Turkey.

scholarly journals Dietary Polyphenols, Mediterranean Diet, Prediabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review of the Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Jordi Merino ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
Montse Fitó ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

Dietary polyphenols come mainly from plant-based foods including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, coffee, tea, and nuts. Polyphenols may influence glycemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) through different mechanisms, such as promoting the uptake of glucose in tissues, and therefore improving insulin sensitivity. This review aims to summarize the evidence from clinical trials and observational prospective studies linking dietary polyphenols to prediabetes and T2D, with a focus on polyphenol-rich foods characteristic of the Mediterranean diet. We aimed to describe the metabolic biomarkers related to polyphenol intake and genotype-polyphenol interactions modulating the effects on T2D. Intakes of polyphenols, especially flavan-3-ols, and their food sources have demonstrated beneficial effects on insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Several prospective studies have shown inverse associations between polyphenol intake and T2D. The Mediterranean diet and its key components, olive oil, nuts, and red wine, have been inversely associated with insulin resistance and T2D. To some extent, these associations may be attributed to the high amount of polyphenols and bioactive compounds in typical foods conforming this traditional dietary pattern. Few studies have suggested that genetic predisposition can modulate the relationship between polyphenols and T2D risk. In conclusion, the intake of polyphenols may be beneficial for both insulin resistance and T2D risk.

Note. Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrates in Foods Usually Consumed in Spain

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Espinosa-Martos ◽  
E. Rico ◽  
P. Rupèrez
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
The Mediterranean

Low molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWC) were determined in foods usually consumed in Spain, namely: rice, biscuits, white bread, noodles, honey, as well as the most common vegetables of the Mediterranean diet. LMWC in foods contained mono-, di- and oligosaccharides; soluble sugars ranged from 0.2% to 83.8% in rice and honey, respectively. All samples contained different amounts of sucrose, glucose and fructose, except for garlic that only contained sucrose (2.4%). Inulin was high in garlic (13.5%), followed by onion (1.4%) and globus artichoke (0.5%). Minor inulin contents were detected in biscuits (0.2%) and a trace in noodles, white bread and endives. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) detected in the samples ranged from 12% honey, 3.2% garlic, 3.7% onion, 1.3% globus artichoke and minor amounts in noodle, endive, biscuit and white bread. According to the determined LMWC contents and the current intake of these foods in Spain, the amount of mono- and disaccharide would be 4.3 kg/person/year, while that of inulin plus non-digestible oligosaccharides, 0.4 kg/person/year. Thus, the estimated daily intake of the potential prebiotics inulin plus NDO from the foods selected was 1.1 g/person.

scholarly journals Phenols, Flavors, and the Mediterranean Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-924
Author(s):  
Manel Issaoui ◽  
Amélia Martins Delgado ◽  
Giorgia Caruso ◽  
Maria Micali ◽  
Marcella Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Phenols or phenolics are a class of compounds that have one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a 6-carbon aromatic ring, they occur as plant secondary metabolites, having in common the antioxidant activity. Their average daily intake varies widely around the world. Many researchers consider coffee, tea, wine, cocoa products, fruits and vegetables as the main sources of polyphenols in different diets. However, spices and culinary herbs have been referred to as the foods richest in polyphenols. Despite spices and culinary herbs are used in small amounts as seasonings, their contribution to the dietary supply of phytonutrients should not be disregarded. A diet rich in a variety of polyphenols (and other phytonutrients) has potential health benefits, namely in the prevention of chronic diseases and cancer. In addition, flavor and color are the most important factors for the selection of food by consumers. A multitude of endogenous food compounds, including phenolics, are involved in food flavor. The presence of phenolic compounds in the food matrix has been mainly associated with the perception of bitter taste and tactile sensation of astringency. However, these compounds can also impact the color and aroma notes of fruits and vegetables. Thus, understanding the sensory impact of these substances and relationships with consumers’ approaches towards phenolic-rich fruits and vegetables may help find strategies to increase the consumption of such foods. A well-known example of a tasty, healthy and sustainable dietary model is the Mediterranean Diet. In this study, we summarize the dietary intake of some polyphenols from different dietary patterns around the world and the contribution of natural phenolic compounds to the flavor of food and beverages, in particularly those associated to the Mediterranean Diet.

scholarly journals The effects of Mediterranean diet and EVOO consumption in relation to human health

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-485
Author(s):  
Evangelia BASDEKI ◽  
Constantinos SALIS ◽  
Marianna HAGIDIMITRIOU
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean basin is characterized by the presence and cultivation of olive trees since antiquity. All of the Mediterranean countries and especially Greece and Italy, are characterized by similar food patterns that are described as “Mediterranean diet”. The core of this diet is the daily intake of plant foods and as its main source of fat is olive oil and particularly in Greece EVOO (Extra Virgin Olive Oil). EVOO contains a large percentage of MUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids - approximately 80% of its total lipid concentration), as well as some other substances in smaller concentrations such as oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein etc. The greater the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and to the intake of EVOO as the main fat source, the greater the health benefits encountered. Some of these benefits that have been reported are due to the antioxidant properties of EVOO, its anti-inflammatory effects, its ability to regulate the endothelial function, lipids, haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Moreover, EVOO has a positive effect in chronic diseases such as obesity, metabolic and amyloid diseases, while it reduces the risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it influences the aging process by reducing the genome and proteome damage that lead to aging. All the data collected, demonstrate that a daily intake of EVOO combined with a good percentile of adherence to the Mediterranean diet lead to a healthier lifestyle, longevity and a reduced morbidity rate.

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