scholarly journals Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onn Haji Hashim ◽  
Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan ◽  
Cheng-Siang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Potential Cancer ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research.

scholarly journals Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onn Haji Hashim ◽  
Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan ◽  
Cheng-Siang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Potential Cancer ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research.

scholarly journals Lectins: an effective tool for screening of potential cancer biomarkers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onn Haji Hashim ◽  
Jaime Jacqueline Jayapalan ◽  
Cheng-Siang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Potential Cancer ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

In recent years, the use of lectins for screening of potential biomarkers has gained increased importance in cancer research, given the development in glycobiology that highlights altered structural changes of glycans in cancer associated processes. Lectins, having the properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates, have become an effective tool for detection of new cancer biomarkers in complex bodily fluids and tissues. The specificity of lectins provides an added advantage of selecting peptides that are differently glycosylated and aberrantly expressed in cancer patients, many of which are not possibly detected using conventional methods because of their low abundance in bodily fluids. When coupled with mass spectrometry, research utilizing lectins, which are mainly from plants and fungi, has led to identification of numerous potential cancer biomarkers that may be used in the future. This article reviews lectin-based methods that are commonly adopted in cancer biomarker discovery research.

Potential Cancer Biomarkers

2022 ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Fathima Mohammed Ahamed ◽  
Asiya Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Validation ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Potential Cancer ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Extensive studies in the field of oncology are able to identify potential cancer biomarkers with tumor-specific molecular characteristics that exceed or complement those of existing biomarkers. However, there are challenges in the development and clinical validation of the cancer biomarkers due to the complexity of the biological process involved. Standalone or integrative approach of broad range of biomolecules, their expression pattern, epigenetic alterations, and metabolic effects are well studied in the cancer research. The potential cancer biomarkers need to be studied extensively with advanced technologies to bring about a great change in cancer screening and therapy. This chapter provide an overview on recent studies about potential cancer biomarkers. Also, specific characteristics of potential biomarkers in three common types of cancer are discussed.

scholarly journals Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry for Cancer Biomarker Discovery

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117727190700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Lu ◽  
Kym F. Faull ◽  
Julian P. Whitelegge ◽  
Jianbo He ◽  
Dejun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cancer Research ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Translational Cancer Research ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis

Proteomics is a rapidly advancing field not only in the field of biology but also in translational cancer research. In recent years, mass spectrometry and associated technologies have been explored to identify proteins or a set of proteins specific to a given disease, for the purpose of disease detection and diagnosis. Such biomarkers are being investigated in samples including cells, tissues, serum/plasma, and other types of body fluids. When sufficiently refined, proteomic technologies may pave the way for early detection of cancer or individualized therapy for cancer. Mass spectrometry approaches coupled with bioinformatic tools are being developed for biomarker discovery and validation. Understanding basic concepts and application of such technology by investigators in the field may accelerate the clinical application of protein biomarkers in disease management.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities in Clinical Applications of Blood-Based Proteomics in Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchika Bhawal ◽  
Ann L. Oberg ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Manish Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Cancer Biomarker ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Serum Proteomics ◽  
Potential Cancer

Blood is a readily accessible biofluid containing a plethora of important proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites that can be used as clinical diagnostic tools in diseases, including cancer. Like the on-going efforts for cancer biomarker discovery using the liquid biopsy detection of circulating cell-free and cell-based tumor nucleic acids, the circulatory proteome has been underexplored for clinical cancer biomarker applications. A comprehensive proteome analysis of human serum/plasma with high-quality data and compelling interpretation can potentially provide opportunities for understanding disease mechanisms, although several challenges will have to be met. Serum/plasma proteome biomarkers are present in very low abundance, and there is high complexity involved due to the heterogeneity of cancers, for which there is a compelling need to develop sensitive and specific proteomic technologies and analytical platforms. To date, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based quantitative proteomics has been a dominant analytical workflow to discover new potential cancer biomarkers in serum/plasma. This review will summarize the opportunities of serum proteomics for clinical applications; the challenges in the discovery of novel biomarkers in serum/plasma; and current proteomic strategies in cancer research for the application of serum/plasma proteomics for clinical prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic applications, as well as for monitoring minimal residual disease after treatments. We will highlight some of the recent advances in MS-based proteomics technologies with appropriate sample collection, processing uniformity, study design, and data analysis, focusing on how these integrated workflows can identify novel potential cancer biomarkers for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicle Proteome in Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Analysis of Mass Spectrometry Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13605
Author(s):  
Rui Miguel Marques Bernardino ◽  
Ricardo Leão ◽  
Rui Henrique ◽  
Luis Campos Pinheiro ◽  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Discovery Research

Molecular diagnostics based on discovery research holds the promise of improving screening methods for prostate cancer (PCa). Furthermore, the congregated information prompts the question whether the urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) proteome has been thoroughly explored, especially at the proteome level. In fact, most extracellular vesicles (EV) based biomarker studies have mainly targeted plasma or serum. Therefore, in this study, we aim to inquire about possible strategies for urinary biomarker discovery particularly focused on the proteome of urine EVs. Proteomics data deposited in the PRIDE archive were reanalyzed to target identifications of potential PCa markers. Network analysis of the markers proposed by different prostate cancer studies revealed moderate overlap. The recent throughput improvements in mass spectrometry together with the network analysis performed in this study, suggest that a larger standardized cohort may provide potential biomarkers that are able to fully characterize the heterogeneity of PCa. According to our analysis PCa studies based on urinary EV proteome presents higher protein coverage compared to plasma, plasma EV, and voided urine proteome. This together with a direct interaction of the prostate gland and urethra makes uEVs an attractive option for protein biomarker studies. In addition, urinary proteome based PCa studies must also evaluate samples from bladder and renal cancers to assess specificity for PCa.

Cancer Biomarker Discovery for Precision Medicine: New Progress

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 7655-7671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Zou ◽  
Edwin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Functional Biomarkers

Background: Precision medicine puts forward customized healthcare for cancer patients. An important way to accomplish this task is to stratify patients into those who may respond to a treatment and those who may not. For this purpose, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers have been pursued. Objective: This review focuses on novel approaches and concepts of exploring biomarker discovery under the circumstances that technologies are developed, and data are accumulated for precision medicine. Results: The traditional mechanism-driven functional biomarkers have the advantage of actionable insights, while data-driven computational biomarkers can fulfill more needs, especially with tremendous data on the molecules of different layers (e.g. genetic mutation, mRNA, protein etc.) which are accumulated based on a plenty of technologies. Besides, the technology-driven liquid biopsy biomarker is very promising to improve patients’ survival. The developments of biomarker discovery on these aspects are promoting the understanding of cancer, helping the stratification of patients and improving patients’ survival. Conclusion: Current developments on mechanisms-, data- and technology-driven biomarker discovery are achieving the aim of precision medicine and promoting the clinical application of biomarkers. Meanwhile, the complexity of cancer requires more effective biomarkers, which could be accomplished by a comprehensive integration of multiple types of biomarkers together with a deep understanding of cancer.

scholarly journals Glycosylation of Cancer Extracellular Vesicles: Capture Strategies, Functional Roles and Potential Clinical Applications

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Álvaro M. Martins ◽  
Cátia C. Ramos ◽  
Daniela Freitas ◽  
Celso A. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Recipient Cell ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
Glycosylation Pathway ◽  
Organ Tropism

Glycans are major constituents of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Alterations in the glycosylation pathway are a common feature of cancer cells, which gives rise to de novo or increased synthesis of particular glycans. Therefore, glycans and glycoproteins have been widely used in the clinic as both stratification and prognosis cancer biomarkers. Interestingly, several of the known tumor-associated glycans have already been identified in cancer EVs, highlighting EV glycosylation as a potential source of circulating cancer biomarkers. These particles are crucial vehicles of cell–cell communication, being able to transfer molecular information and to modulate the recipient cell behavior. The presence of particular glycoconjugates has been described to be important for EV protein sorting, uptake and organ-tropism. Furthermore, specific EV glycans or glycoproteins have been described to be able to distinguish tumor EVs from benign EVs. In this review, the application of EV glycosylation in the development of novel EV detection and capture methodologies is discussed. In addition, we highlight the potential of EV glycosylation in the clinical setting for both cancer biomarker discovery and EV therapeutic delivery strategies.

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