scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with leukemia in Shandong Province, Eastern China: a case—control prospective study

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhou ◽  
Haiyang Fu ◽  
Zhongjun Wang ◽  
Hailei Shi ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
History Of

Limited information is available concerning the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with leukemia in Eastern China. Therefore, a case-control study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in this patient group and to identify risk factors and possible routes of infection. Serum samples were collected from 339 children with leukemia and 339 age matched health control subjects in Qingdao from September 2014 to March 2018. Enzyme linked immunoassays were used to screen anti- T. gondii IgG and anti- T. gondii IgM antibodies. Forty-eight (14.2%) children with leukemia and 31 (9.1%) control subjects were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies (P < 0.05), while 13 (3.8%) patients and 14 (4.1%) controls were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies (P = 0.84). Multivariate analysis showed exposure to soil and a history of blood transfusion were risk factors for T. gondii infection. Compared with IgG, patients with a history of blood transfusion were more likely to present anti- T. gondii IgM (P = 0.003). Moreover, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia had higher T. gondii seroprevalence in comparison to control subjects (P = 0.002 and P = 0.016, respectively). The results indicated that the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in children with leukemia is higher than that of healthy children in Eastern China. This information may be used to guide future research and clinical management, and further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of T. gondii in children with leukemia.

scholarly journals Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection. A case-control study of blood donors in the Trent Region (UK)

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Neal ◽  
D. A. Jones ◽  
D. Killey ◽  
V. James
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYThe introduction of screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) by the National Blood Transfusion Service identified donors who had acquired HCV infection. We undertook a case-control study amongst blood donors in the Trent Region to determine risks for HCV infection. A total of 74 blood donors confirmed positive for hepatitis C infection and 150 age, sex and donor venue matched controls were included in the study. Fifty-three percent of hepatitis C infected blood donors reported previous use of injected drugs compared to no controls; relative risk (RR) not estimatable (lower limit 95% CI = 20). Other risk factors were a history of: receipt of a blood transfusion or blood products RR = 3·6 (95% CI 1·5–8·3), having been a ‘health care worker’ RR = 2·8 (95% CI 1·1–7·6), tattooing RR = 3·3 (95% CI 1·2–8·7), and an association with having been born abroad RR = 3·2 (95% CI 1·1–9·5). No risk was shown for a history of multiple sexual partners, ear piercing or acupuncture. Injecting drug use explains more than 50% of hepatitis C infections in blood donors, a group who are less likely to have injected drugs than the general population.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Dustmen in Northeastern China: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruo-Lan Jiang ◽  
Quan Zhao ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Xue-Long Chen ◽  
Xiao-Xuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
First Record ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
The Government ◽  
At Home

Background. Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can infect many hosts including humans. Methods. In order to estimate whether dustmen are more susceptible to T. gondii, a case-control study was conducted containing 332 dustmen from Jilin and Heilongjiang in Northeastern China, as well as 332 general populations from the same regions as control subjects. Serum samples were tested IgG and IgM antibodies to T. gondii using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The overall anti-T. gondii IgG was 15.06% (50/332) in dustmen compared with 9.64% (32/332) in the controls (P = 0.0337). Also, 5 (1.51%) dustmen had anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies compared with 2 (0.60%) control individuals (P = 0.2543). A significant association was only found between dustmen and level of T. gondii IgG in comparison with the control subjects. Seroprevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies in male dustmen was significant higher than male control subjects (P = 0.0399). Dustmen from Jilin had the significant higher T. gondii IgG rate (P = 0.0143), in comparison with the control subjects from Jilin. Moreover, dustmen raising cat at home had the significant higher T. gondii IgG rate (P = 0.0097), in comparison with the control subjects. Risk factor analysis suggested that raising cat at home and not having habits of washing hand before eating were mainly related to the T. gondii infection in dustmen. Conclusions. This is the first record of seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in dustmen in Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeastern China. These findings also suggest that the government departments should pay close attention to the toxoplasmosis in dustmen in Northeastern China.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with liver disease in eastern China

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (11) ◽  
pp. 2296-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. TIAN ◽  
G. X. LI ◽  
H. M. ELSHEIKHA ◽  
D. S. GARDNER ◽  
X. Y. ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

SUMMARYThe role of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in the pathogenesis of liver disease has recently gained much interest. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in patients with liver disease from three cities in Shandong and Henan provinces, China. A case–control study was conducted from December 2014 to November 2015 and included 1142 patients with liver disease and 1142 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from all individuals and were examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies. Information on the demographics, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics of the participants was collected from the medical records and by the use of a questionnaire. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG was 19·7% in patients with liver disease compared with 12·17% in the controls. Only 13 patients had anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies compared with 12 control individuals (1·14% vs. 1·05%, respectively). The highest seroprevalence was detected in patients with liver cancer (22·13%), followed by hepatitis patients (20·86%), liver cirrhosis patients (20·42%), and steatosis patients (20%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that consumption of raw meat (odds ratio (OR) = 1·32; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·01–1·71; P = 0·03) and source of drinking water from wells (OR = 1·56; 95% CI 1·08–2·27; P = 0·01) were independent risk factors for T. gondii infection in liver disease patients. These findings indicate that T. gondii infection is more likely to be present in patients with liver disease. Therefore, efforts should be directed toward health education of populations at high risk of T. gondii infection and measures should be taken to protect vulnerable patients with liver disease.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondiiInfection in Pregnant Women: A Seroprevalence and Case-Control Study in Eastern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cong ◽  
Xiao-Yan Dong ◽  
Qing-Feng Meng ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Xiang-Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Very limited information is available concerning the epidemiology ofT. gondiiinfection in pregnant women in eastern China. Therefore, a case-control study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in this population group and to identify risk factors and possible routes of contamination. Serum samples were collected from 965 pregnant women and 965 age-matched nonpregnant control subjects in Qingdao and Weihai between October 2011 and July 2013. These were screened with enzyme linked immunoassays for the presence of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG and anti-ToxoplasmaIgM antibodies. 147 (15.2%) pregnant women and 167 (17.3%) control subjects were positive for anti-T. gondiiIgG antibodies, while 28 (2.9%) pregnant women and 37 (3.8%) controls were positive for anti-T. gondiiIgM antibodies (P=0.256). There was no significant difference between pregnant women and nonpregnant controls with regard to the seroprevalence of either anti-T. gondiiIgG or IgM antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed thatT. gondiiinfection was associated with location, cats in home, contact with cats and dogs, and exposure to soil. The results indicated that the seroprevalence ofT. gondiiinfection in pregnant women is high compared to most other regions of China and other East Asian countries with similar climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Diabetes Mellitus Patients in China: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and Case-Control Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Xin Li ◽  
Hai Xin ◽  
Xiang-Yan Zhang ◽  
Cui-Ying Wei ◽  
Yu-He Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
And Control

The association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and diabetes mellitus remains controversial. With the improvement of living standards, the prevalence rate of diabetes is steadily increasing in China. Thus, it is necessary to explore the possible association between toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus in China. Hence, case-control studies were conducted to explore the T. gondii seroprevalence and identify the risk factors and possible transmission routes of T. gondii infection in different types of diabetes, including type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and gestational diabetes (GDM) patients in China. Four hundred serum samples for each type of diabetes mellitus, matched with 400 control subjects for each group, were collected and examined for anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. The total T. gondii seroprevalence in T1DM, T2DM, and GDM patients was 16.50%, 23.50%, and 21.25%, respectively. Each type of diabetes mellitus patients had a significantly higher T. gondii seroprevalence than the control subjects. Multivariate regression identified three variables as risk factors for T. gondii infection in diabetes patients, including keeping cats at home and consumption of raw oysters for T1DM patients and consumption of raw/undercooked meat and raw oysters for T2DM patients, which may help to guide future research and control policies in diabetes mellitus patients.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in psychiatric patients: a case-control study in eastern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 3103-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. CONG ◽  
W. DONG ◽  
L. BAI ◽  
X.-Y. WANG ◽  
X.-T. NI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn recent years, the effect ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection on the cerebrum and neuropsychiatric patients has been increasingly highlighted. However, there is limited information about the epidemiology ofT. gondiiinfection in psychiatric patients in Shandong province, eastern China. Therefore, through a case-control study, 445 patients hospitalized for diacrisis or treatment in Weihai, eastern China, and 445 control subjects from the general population of the same region matched by gender, age, and residence were examined with enzyme-linked immunoassays for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies toT. gondiiand associated sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics in a population of psychiatric patients. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies toT. gondiiin psychiatric patients (77/445, 17·30%) was significantly higher than in control subjects (55/445, 12·36%) (P= 0·038). Fourteen (3·15%) psychiatric patients and 10 (2·25%) control subjects had IgM antibodies toT. gondii(P= 0·408). Multivariate analysis using logic regression showed thatT. gondiiinfection was associated with cats at home and consumption of raw/undercooked meat in psychiatric patients. Considering that most psychiatric patients usually have lower cognitive functioning and additional transmission routes related to their inappropriate behaviours that could enhance the risk of infection, psychiatric patients should be considered as a specific group ofT. gondiiinfection.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii infection in children with lymphoma in Eastern China: seroprevalence, risk factors and case–control studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhe Duan ◽  
Yunlai Zhi ◽  
Yusheng Liu ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Fujiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Abstract Epidemiological data for Toxoplasma gondii regarding malignancy have gained increasing attention; however, the information about T. gondii infection among children with malignant lymphoma (ML) in China is unclear. Therefore, 314 children with lymphoma and 314 healthy children, age- and gender-matched, were recruited to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the participants and identify the risk factors of infection. Blood samples from all participants were collected and examined for T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA. The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies (including IgG and/or IgM) in ML patients and healthy controls was 19.8% and 9.9%, respectively. Contact with the cats, consumption of oysters and history of chemotherapy were estimated to be the risk factors for T. gondii infection in children with lymphoma by multivariable logistic regression analysis, whereas in healthy children, contact with cats and consumption of oysters were the risk factors. Moreover, among various histological types of lymphoma, individuals with NK/T-cell lymphoma, B-small lymphocytic lymphoma, marginal zone B-lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma had a higher seroprevalence than healthy controls (P < 0.05). These findings indicated the high prevalence of T. gondii infection in children with lymphoma, and hence, efforts should be performed to evaluate the effect of the infection further in lymphoma patients.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Eastern China: Seroprevalence, Risk Factors, and a Case–Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Dong Guo ◽  
Tingting Qu ◽  
Shuchao Zhao ◽  
Chang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

The aim of this study was to explore the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in eastern China. Therefore, 287 primary CRC patients and 287 age-matched healthy control subjects were recruited to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii and identify the risk factors of infection. Enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to test for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies. Forty-six (16%) samples were positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in patients with CRC, compared with 26 (9.1%) in the healthy controls, a significant difference ( P = 0.007 ). By contrast, eight (2.8%) patients tested positive for T. gondii IgM antibodies, compared with three (1.1%) in the controls, a difference that was not significant ( P = 0.13 ). Multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that a rural residence (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.15–7.01; P = 0.024 ) and treatment with chemotherapy (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.02–4.57; P = 0.045 ) were risk factors for T. gondii infection in patients with CRC. Thus, T. gondii infection is serious in patients with CRC, and a rural residence and treatment with chemotherapy are independent risk factors for infection by this parasite. Therefore, medical professionals should be aware of this pathogen in patients with CRC, and the causes of T. gondii infection in these patients need to be explored further.

scholarly journals Association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and history of blood transfusion: a case-control seroprevalence study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1626-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosme Alvarado-Esquivel ◽  
Luis Francisco Sánchez-Anguiano ◽  
Jesús Hernández-Tinoco ◽  
Agar Ramos-Nevarez ◽  
Sergio Estrada-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Positive Controls

Objectives This study was performed to determine the association between seropositivity to Toxoplasma gondii and a history of blood transfusion. Methods Patients who had undergone blood transfusion (n = 410) and age- and sex-matched controls who had not undergone blood transfusion (n = 1230) were examined for anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays. Results Anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 57 (13.9%) patients and in 129 (10.5%) controls with a borderline difference [odds ratio (OR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98–1.92]. High anti- T. gondii IgG antibody levels (>150 IU/mL) were found in 27 (47.4%) of the 57 anti- T. gondii IgG-positive patients and in 37 (28.7%) of the 129 anti- T. gondii IgG positive controls with a significant difference (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.17–4.26). Anti- T. gondii IgM antibodies were found in 13 (22.8%) of the 57 seropositive patients and in 37 (28.7%) of the 129 seropositive controls, but the difference was not significant (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.35–1.52). Seroprevalence was significantly higher in patients aged >50 years than in controls of the same age and in female patients than in female controls. Conclusions These findings indicate that a history of blood transfusion is a risk factor for T. gondii infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in oral cancer patients in China: a case–control prospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (15) ◽  
pp. 1891-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zhou ◽  
X. Y. Zhang ◽  
Y. X. Li ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
L. L. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Oral Cancer Patients ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

AbstractOver the recent years, potential associations between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and cancer risk have attracted a lot of attention. Nevertheless, the association between T. gondii infection and oral cancer remains relatively unexplored. We performed a case–control study of 861 oral cancer patients and 861 control subjects from eastern China with the aim to detect antibodies to T. gondii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in these patients. The results showed that oral cancer patients (21.72%, 187/861) had a significantly higher seroprevalence than control subjects (8.25%, 71/861) (P < 0.001). Among them, 144 (16.72%) oral cancer patients and 71 (8.25%) control subjects were positive for IgG antibodies to T. gondii, while 54 (6.27%) oral cancer patients and 9 (1.05%) controls were positive for IgM antibodies to T. gondii. In addition, multiple logistic analysis showed that T. gondii infection in oral cancer patients was associated with blood transfusion history, keeping cats at home, and oyster consumption. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provided a serological evidence of an association between T. gondii infection and oral cancer patients. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of T. gondii in oral cancer patients.

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