scholarly journals Assessing the growth in clinical skills using a progress clinical skills examination

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9091
Author(s):  
Heather S. Laird-Fick ◽  
Chi Chang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Carol Parker ◽  
Robert Malinowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Longitudinal Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Second Year

Background This study evaluates the generalizability of an eight-station progress clinical skills examination and assesses the growth in performance for six clinical skills domains among first- and second-year medical students over four time points during the academic year. Methods We conducted a generalizability study for longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons and assessed growth in six clinical skill domains via repeated measures ANOVA over the first and second year of medical school. Results The generalizability of the examination domain scores was low but consistent with previous studies of data gathering and communication skills. Variations in case difficulty across administrations of the examination made it difficult to assess longitudinal growth. It was possible to compare students at different training levels and the interaction of training level and growth. Second-year students outperformed first-year students, but first-year students’ clinical skills performance grew faster than second-year students narrowing the gap in clinical skills over the students’ first year of medical school. Conclusions Case specificity limits the ability to assess longitudinal growth in clinical skills through progress testing. Providing students with early clinical skills training and authentic clinical experiences appears to result in the rapid growth of clinical skills during the first year of medical school.

scholarly journals Generalizability of a Progress Clinical Skills Examination and the Assessment of the Growth in Clinical Skills in a Medical School Curriculum with Early Clinical Experiences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather S Laird-Fick ◽  
Chi Chang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Carol Parker ◽  
Robert Malinowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Longitudinal Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Background This study evaluates the generalizability of an eight-station progress clinical skills examination and assesses the growth in performance for six clinical skills domains among first- and second-year medial students over four time points during the academic year. Methods We conducted a generalizability study for longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons and assessed growth in six clinical skill domains via repeated measures ANOVA over the first and second year of medical school. Results The generalizability of the examination domain scores was low but consistent with previous studies of data gathering and communication skills. Variations in case difficulty across administrations of the examination made it difficult to assess longitudinal growth. It was possible to compare students at different training levels and the interaction of level of training and growth. Second-year students outperformed first-year students, but first-year students’ clinical skills performance grew faster than second-year students narrowing the gap in clinical skills over the students’ first year of medical school. Conclusions Case specificity limits the ability to assess longitudinal growth in clinical skills through progress testing. Providing students with early clinical skills training and authentic clinical experiences appears to result in the rapid growth of clinical skills during the first year of medical school.

scholarly journals Intrument for Evaluating Didactical Performance of Clinical Skill Laboratory Teachers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ide Pustaka Setiawan ◽  
Jan Van Dalen Jan Van Dalen ◽  
Jill Whittingham Jill Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
First Year ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Skill Laboratory ◽  
Skills Lab ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skills Learning ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Background: There are some studies about strategies for clinical skills teachers and criteria for effective teaching in a Skills lab. However, there isn’t an established instrument yet to evaluate clinical skills teacher’s didactical performance while facilitating skills learning. The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate instrument to evaluate clinical skills teachers’ didactical performance.Method: A preliminary instrument was developed based on recent available literatures. This instrument was applied by students, to quantitatively evaluate didactical performance of skills teachers who teach a certain skill. Then focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted. The results of both procedures were compared.Results: 255 first year medical students participated (response rate: 91%). There was significant difference between students’ judgments of clinical teacher’s (specialist) and Skills lab teacher’s (general practitioner) didactical performance (p<0.05). Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument turned out to be .95, indicating a high homogeneity. All items contributed to this measure of reliability. This quantitative finding was supported by qualitative resultsConclusion: The questionnaire developed is valid and reliable. It can be concluded that characteristics of a proper instrument for evaluating clinical skills teachers’ didactical performance encompass didactic skill, interpersonal & communication skills and condition/strategy of skills training.

scholarly journals A study on awareness of health effects of tobacco consumption among medical students and impact of modular training

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
Sajjan Madappady ◽  
Hemant Kumar ◽  
S. Jayaram ◽  
Krutarth Brahmbhatt ◽  
Manjula Anil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Second Year

Background: Tobacco kills more than seven million people each year. In India tobacco kills nearly one million people each year and many of these deaths occur among people who are very young. Studies indicate that approximately 70% of all tobacco users would like to quit smoking and tobacco use.Methods: A non-randomized, cross sectional study was conducted in a Medical College in Mangaluru (Karnataka) which included medical students from first year to third year. A module developed by “Quit Tobacco International” was used for the purpose of training and counselling the selected medical students, focusing on the specific effects of tobacco, depicting simulated case scenarios.Results: A total of 404 medical students were included in the study. It was observed that 15.9% males and 5.3% females among first year students, 21.0% males and 5.3% females among second year students and 24.6% males and 9.2% females among third year students had smoked at some point in their life while the among current users, the prevalence of smoking was found to be much higher i.e. 8.7% and 2.6% among first year students, 9.9% and 3.5% among second year students; while it as highest among third year students i.e. 14% and 4.6%; among boys and girls respectively.Conclusions: The study brings out the need for inclusion of structured teaching and training of our medical students on harmful effects of tobacco use and its cessation techniques.

Sleep quality and sleep hygiene in undergraduate students: a comparison between the first and the last year at medical school in Quito, Ecuador

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Marcia Zapata-Mora ◽  
Pablo Curay ◽  
Fernando Palacios ◽  
Marlene Delgado ◽  
Damian Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
First Year ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
The Right

Aim: to analyze the quality of sleep with the total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI, among the first and last year students of the medical school. Methods: epidemiologic, observational, and cross-sectional with two cohorts of individuals, performed at the Faculty of Medical Sciences at Central University of Ecuador, in Quito, Ecuador, during 2017. Sample size was of 401 individuals. 239 first year students and 162 last year students (internship), with non-probabilistic sampling. The PSQI was applied in its Spanish version consisting of 19 items. Results: 81.17% of respondents of first-year are bad sleepers while in the group of last year students are 90.12%. The sleep duration factor has an average of 2.11 with a standard deviation of 0.80; the asymmetry is negative (-0.58), which indicates that the values are grouped to the right of the arithmetic mean, revealing that respondents sleep less than six hours a day. Conclusion: It found that 90.12% of senior students (internship) and 81.17% of first year students are bad sleepers, 83.26% of first year students and 79.63% of senior year (internship) presented sleep duration of less than six hours, accompanied by night awakenings and daytime sleepiness. 45.61% of the first-year students and 61.73% of the internship perceived poor warm sleep. A moderate correlation value of r=0.549 was obtained between the total PSQI and the daytime sleep dysfunction in the internship students, while the first year students sleep duration reached a correlation of r=0.598.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of Differences in Canadian and US Medical Student Preparation for Family Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 817-822
Author(s):  
Rongxiu Wu ◽  
Xian Wu ◽  
Michael R. Peabody ◽  
Thomas R. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Student Preparation ◽  
Canadian Medical School ◽  
Equity Value ◽  
Second Year

Background and Objectives: Previous research has found differences in preparation for entry into family medicine training between graduates of US and Canadian medical schools. However, this research was limited in that it utilized cross-sectional data to examine a longitudinal issue. This study aimed to examine these differences with a longitudinal data set. Methods: A comparison of the performance on the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) In-Training Exam (ITE) between 2014 and 2016 was conducted by examining the performance of Canadian medical school graduates and US medical school graduates longitudinally, as well as cross-sectionally, using independent t tests. Results: For first-year residents (PGY1), the Canadian 2014/2015 cohort showed significantly higher mean scores than US medical school graduates (USMG) and international medical school graduates (IMG). The Canadian 2015/2016 cohort showed no statistical difference from the USMGs, but did have a significantly higher mean than the IMGs. For second-year residents (PGY2), the Canadian 2014/2015 cohort showed a significantly lower mean than the USMG cohort, but had a significantly higher mean than the IMG cohort. The Canadian 2015/2016 cohort showed a statistically lower mean than the USMG cohort and no difference compared to the IMG cohort. Conclusions: Based on a comparison of ABFM ITE scores between 2014 and 2016, the Canadian medical school graduates performed as well as or better than the US graduates upon entry into residency, but performance was reversed for the second year of training. Our results also suggest an equity value of ACGME residency training independent of location of undergraduate medical training.

scholarly journals Mobile Learning in a Rural Medical School: Feasibility and Educational Benefits in Campus and Clinical Settings

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Nestel ◽  
Katherine Gray ◽  
Andre Ng ◽  
Matthew McGrail ◽  
George Kotsanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Clinical Placements ◽  
Educational Benefits ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Second Year

Students in a new medical school were provided with laptops. This study explored the feasibility and educational benefits of mobile learning for two cohorts of students learning in two settings—university campus (first-year students) and rural clinical placements (second-year students). Evaluation involved questionnaires, focus groups (faculty and students), and document analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. Response rates for questionnaires exceeded 84%. Compared with second-year students, significantly more first-year students (60%) took their laptops to campus daily (P=0.14) and used their laptops for more hours each day (P=0.031). All students used laptops most frequently to access the internet (85% and 97%) and applications (Microsoft Word (80% and 61%) and Microsoft PowerPoint (80% and 63%)). Focus groups with students revealed appreciation for the laptops but frustration with the initial software image. Focus groups with faculty identified enthusiasm for mobile learning but acknowledged its limitations. Physical infrastructure and information technology support influenced mobile learning. Document analysis revealed significant costs and issues with maintenance. If adequately resourced, mobile learning through university-issued laptops would be feasible and have educational benefits, including equitable access to learning resources, when and where they are needed. However, barriers remain for full implementation.

56. Proficiency at the end of practice predicts retention of a technical clinical skills

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
H. Carnahan ◽  
E. Hagemann ◽  
A. Dubrowski
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Specific Criterion ◽  
Practice Trials ◽  
Practice Time ◽  
Criterion Time

A debate is emerging regarding the efficacy of proficiency based versus duration based training of technical skills. It is not clear whether the performance level attained at the end of practice (i.e., proficiency criteria), or the overall amount of practice performed during learning will best predict the retention of a technical clinical skill. The skill learned was the single-handed double square-knot. Forty two trainees learned the skill through video-based instruction and were divided into three groups (14 participants per group) each with a specific criterion time to tie the knot (10, 15, and 20 seconds). Practice continued until participants completed the knot within their criterion time. The total number of trials, and the overall practice time required to obtain each respective criterion were recorded during practice. Participants returned one-week later for a timed retention test consisting of one trial of the knot tying skill with no video instruction. A multiple regression analysis tested whether the amount of practice, the total practice time, or the criterion reached at the end of practice was the best predictor of the time taken to perform the skill during retention. This analysis showed that the number of practice trials was highly correlated with total practice time (r = .82, p = .01), therefore total practice time was withdrawn as a predictor variable from the subsequent analysis. The regression showed that the only significant predictor of retention performance was the criterion reached at the end of practice (p = .03). The number of practice trials was not found to significantly predict the retention performance (p = .87). The results support the notion that proficiency based training results in better retention of a technical clinical skill in comparison to duration based approaches. This provides evidence for the introduction of proficiency based educational approaches in technical skills curricula. Jowett N, LeBlanc V, Xeroulis G, MacRae H, Dubrowski A. Surgical skill acquisition with self-directed practice using computer-based video training. Am J Surg. 2007; 193(2):237-42. Gallagher AG, Ritter EM, Champion H, Higgins G, Fried MP, Moses G, Smith CD, Satava RM. Virtual reality simulation for the operating room: proficiency-based training as a paradigm shift in surgical skills training. Ann Surg. 2005; 241(2):364-72. Van Sickle KR, Ritter EM, McClusky DA, Lederman A, Baghai M, Gallagher AG, Smith CD. Attempted establishment of proficiency levels for laparoscopic performance on a national scale using simulation: the results from the 2004 SAGES Minimally Invasive Surgical Trainer-Virtual Reality (MIST-VR) learning center study. Surg Endosc. 2007; 21(1):5-10.

Are Future Doctors Prepared to Address Patients’ Nutritional Needs? Cooking and Nutritional Knowledge and Habits in Medical Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 155982762110181
Author(s):  
Sam Sugimoto ◽  
Drew Recker ◽  
Elizabeth E. Halvorson ◽  
Joseph A. Skelton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Background. Many diseases are linked to lifestyle in the United States, yet physicians receive little training in nutrition. Medical students’ prior knowledge of nutrition and cooking is unknown. Objective. To determine incoming medical students’ prior nutrition knowledge, culinary skills, and nutrition habits. Methods. A dual-methods study of first-year medical students. Cross-sectional survey assessing prior knowledge, self-efficacy, and previous education of cooking and nutrition. Interviews of second-year medical students explored cooking and nutrition in greater depth. Results. A total of 142 first-year medical students participated; 16% had taken a nutrition course, with majority (66%) learning outside classroom settings. Students had a mean score of 87% on the Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire versus comparison group (64.9%). Mean cooking and food skills score were lower than comparison scores. Overall, students did not meet guidelines for fiber, fruit, vegetables, and whole grains. Interviews with second-year students revealed most learned to cook from their families; all believed it important for physicians to have this knowledge. Conclusions. Medical students were knowledgeable about nutrition, but typically self-taught. They were not as confident or skilled in cooking, and mostly learned from their family. They expressed interest in learning more about nutrition and cooking.

scholarly journals Study of Live Lecture Attendance, Student Perceptions and Expectations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathan Emahiser ◽  
John Nguyen ◽  
Cheryl Vanier ◽  
Amina Sadik
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Class B ◽  
Second Year ◽  
To Come ◽  
Perceptions And Expectations ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractDeclining lecture attendance has been an ongoing concern for educators involved in undergraduate medical education. A survey was developed (a) to gain insight into the reasons students skipped class, (b) to identify the type of study materials they were using, and (c) to determine what they thought would motivate them to come to class. The survey was sent to 317 first-year and second-year medical students, and 145 (45%) responded. Only 63% of first-year students and 53% of second-year students attended any lectures that were not mandatory. The attendance was higher for students who aspired to less competitive specialties such as pediatrics and family medicine. The most popular reasons for not coming to class were related to the efficiency of information intake and instructor or class style. The most heavily used resources (> 60%) were materials or recorded lectures provided by the instructor. The second-year students also heavily used outside study materials for Board exams, such as Pathoma (50%). Students’ ideas for what might increase their attendance suggest that they perceive that the lectures may not prepare them for Board exams, and they would like faculty to address Board related content more often in class and on assessments. Respondents also suggested that teaching practices might be improved through faculty development. Faculty awareness of and references to Board exam content, embedded in strong teaching practices, may help students find more value in live lectures. Carefully designed active learning sessions may change students’ minds regarding the relevance and value of these sessions.

scholarly journals Student Perceived Value of Anatomy Pedagogy, Part I: Prosection or Dissection?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. JMECD.S17496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Wisco ◽  
Stephanie Young ◽  
Paul Rabedeaux ◽  
Seth D. Lerner ◽  
Paul F. Wimmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
School Experience ◽  
First Year ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Preclinical Medical Education

A series of three annual surveys of David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSOM) at UCLA students and UCR/UCLA Thomas Haider Program in Biomedical Sciences students were administered from 2010 to 2012 to ascertain student perceptions of which anatomy pedagogy—prosection or dissection—was most valuable to them during the first year of preclinical medical education and for the entire medical school experience in general. Students were asked, “What value does gross anatomy education have in preclinical medical education?” We further asked the students who participated in both prosection and dissection pedagogies, “Would you have preferred an anatomy curriculum like the Summer Anatomy Dissection during your first year in medical school instead of prosection?” All students who responded to the survey viewed anatomy as a highly valued part of the medical curriculum, specifically referring to four major themes: Anatomy is (1) the basis for medical understanding, (2) part of the overall medical school experience, (3) a bridge to understanding pathology and physiology, and (4) the foundation for clinical skills. Students who participated in both prosection and dissection pedagogies surprisingly and overwhelmingly advocated for a prosection curriculum for the first year of medical school, not a dissection curriculum. Time efficiency was the dominant theme in survey responses from students who learned anatomy through prosection and then dissection. Students, regardless of whether interested in surgery/radiology or not, appreciated both pedagogies but commented that prosection was sufficient for learning basic anatomy, while dissection was a necessary experience in preparation for the anatomical medical specialties. This suggests that anatomy instruction should be integrated into the clinical years of medical education.

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