scholarly journals Air quality improvement during triple-lockdown in the coastal city of Kannur, Kerala to combat Covid-19 transmission

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9642 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.T. Resmi ◽  
T. Nishanth ◽  
M.K. Satheesh Kumar ◽  
M.G. Manoj ◽  
M. Balachandramohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
South India ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Observational Site ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus that emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, last year has since become the COVID-19 pandemic across all continents. To restrict the spread of the virus pandemic, the Government of India imposed a lockdown from 25 March 2020. In India, Kannur district was identified as the first “hotspot” of virus transmission and a “triple-lockdown” was implemented for a span of twenty days from 20 April 2020. This article highlights the variations of surface O3, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, NH3, VOC’s, PM10, PM2.5 and meteorological parameters at the time of pre-lockdown, lockdown and triple-lockdown days at Kannur town in south India using ground-based analyzers. From pre-lockdown days to triple-lockdown days, surface O3 concentration was found to increase by 22% in this VOC limited environment. NO and NO2 concentrations were decreased by 61% and 71% respectively. The concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 were observed to decline significantly by 61% and 53% respectively. Reduction in PM10 during lockdown and triple-lockdown days enhanced the intensity of solar radiation reaching the lower troposphere, and increased air temperature and reduced the relative humidity. Owing to this, surface O3 production over Kannur was found to have increased during triple-lockdown days. The concentration of CO (67%), VOCs (61%), SO2 (62%) and NH3 (16%) were found to decrease significantly from pre-lockdown days to triple-lockdown days. The air quality index revealed that the air quality at the observational site was clean during the lockdown.

Assessment of on-road emissions of four Euro V diesel and CNG waste collection trucks for supporting air-quality improvement initiatives in the city of Milan

2012 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Fontaras ◽  
Giorgio Martini ◽  
Urbano Manfredi ◽  
Alessandro Marotta ◽  
Alois Krasenbrink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Mobility-Guided Modeling of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Metro Manila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Egwolf ◽  
O.P. Nicanor Austriaco
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
The Novel ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Metro Manila ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTCOVID-19 is a novel respiratory disease first identified in Wuhan, China, that is caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. To better understand the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, we have used real-time mobility data to modify the DELPHI Epidemiological Model recently developed at M.I.T., and to simulate the pandemic in Metro Manila. We have chosen to focus on the National Capital Region, not only because it is the nation’s demographic heart where over a tenth of the country’s population live, but also because it has been the epidemiological epicenter of the Philippine pandemic. Our UST CoV-2 model suggests that the government-imposed enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) has successfully limited the spread of the pandemic. It is clear that the initial wave of the pandemic is flattening, though suppression of viral spread has been delayed by the local pandemics in the City of Manila and Quezon City. Our data also reveals that replacing the ECQ with a General Community Quarantine (GCQ) will increase the forecasted number of deaths in the nation’s capital unless rigorous tracing and testing can be implemented to prevent a second wave of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy Sources vs. an Air Quality Improvement in Urbanized Areas - the Metropolitan Area of Kraków Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Blazy ◽  
Jakub Błachut ◽  
Agnieszka Ciepiela ◽  
Rita Łabuz ◽  
Renata Papież
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Of

The premise for the selection of the topic discussed in this article is the lack of research on the level of reduction of air pollutant emissions by the use of photovoltaic micro-installations in single-family buildings, both in Poland and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Therefore, the Authors made an attempt to estimate the scale of air pollution reduction (in particular CO2) in the area of the urbanized Metropolitan area of Krakow, which is one of the most polluted regions in Poland. The installation of photovoltaic panels on single-family buildings, co-financed by the government My Electricity Program, is the investment cost in improving the air quality in this region, and thus increasing the well-being of its inhabitants.

scholarly journals An-Niswiyah Fii Riwayah Banat al-Riyadh Li Raja’ Abdullah Al Sanea

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-193
Author(s):  
Merdu Arika ◽  
Novi Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Research Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Family ◽  
Specific Rule ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Core Problem ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research is titled feminism in Banat al-Riyadh novel by Rajaa Al Sanea. This novel tells the lives of four women in the city of Riyadh who experienced injustice due to the rules of the family as well as from the government, which restricted the freedom of women; therefore I am interested in reviewing this title. This research focuses on one core problem: how to illustrate the feminism in the novel. The research method used in this research is descriptive method of analysis, and the results obtained from this study found some images of feminism; firstly, the desired freedom of women in this novel is to demand freedom in choosing a life partner, and freedom in social interaction. Secondly, education for women because women also have an important role for the progress of the nation, the advancement of a nation depends on the advance of education for women. Thirdly, a husband cannot divorce his wife unilaterally; there is a specific rule on this matter, so that women are not harmed by the situation.--- Penelitian ini berjudul feminisme dalam novel Banat al-Riyadh karya Rajaa Al Sanea. Novel ini mengisahkan kehidupan empat perempuan di kota riyadh yang mengalami ketidakadilan yang disebabkan aturan dari keluarga maupun dari pemerintah, yang membatasi kebebasan perempuan, oleh karena itu saya tertarik mengkaji judul ini. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada satu permasalahan inti yaitu: bagaimana gambaran feminisme dalam novel. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan peneliti pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis dan hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah peneliti menemukan beberapa gambaran feminisme adalah pertama: kebebasan perempuan yang diinginkan novel ialah menutut kebebasan dalam memilih pasangan hidupnya, dan kebebasan dalam berinteraksi sosial. kedua: pendidikan bagi perempuan karena perempuan juga memiliki peran penting bagi kemajuaan bangsa, majunya suatu bangsa tergantung majunya pendidikan bagi perempuan. ketiga: talak bagi seorang suami tidak boleh menceraikan istrinya secara sepihak, ada aturan tersendiri mengenai hal ini, sehingga perempuan tidak dirugikan dengan situasi tersebut.DOI : 10.15408/bat.v24i1.6536

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of re-opening plans on dynamics of COVID-19 in São Paulo, Brazil1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Rubio ◽  
T.N. Vilches
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Health ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Local Health System ◽  
The City

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in early March 2020. In Brazil, São Paulo is the most affected state, comprising about 20% of the country’s cases. With no vaccine available to date, distancing measures have been taken to reduce virus transmission. To reduce the pandemic’s effect on the economy, the government of São Paulo has proposed a plan consisting of five phases of the gradual re-opening of activities. In this context, we have developed a mathematical model to simulate the gradual re-opening plan on the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, in the city of São Paulo. The model shows that a precipitous reopening can cause a higher peak of the disease, which may compromise the local health system. Waiting for the reduction in the incidence of infected individuals for at least 15 days to phase transition is the most efficient strategy compared to the fixed-period scenario at each phase of the re-opening plan.

scholarly journals LIFE MONZA: project description and actions’ updating

Noise Mapping ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Bartalucci ◽  
Francesco Borchi ◽  
Monica Carfagni ◽  
Rocco Furferi ◽  
Lapo Governi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Project Description ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The City

Abstract The introduction of Low Emission Zones, urban areas subject to road traffic restrictions in order to ensure compliance with the air pollutants limit values set by the European Directive on ambient air quality (2008/50/EC), is a common and well-established action in the administrative government of cities. The impacts on air quality improvement are widely analysed, whereas the effects and benefits concerning the noise have not been addressed in a comprehensive manner. As a consequence, the definition, the criteria for the analysis and the management methods of a Noise Low Emission Zone are not clearly expressed and shared yet. The LIFE MONZA project (Methodologies fOr Noise low emission Zones introduction And management - LIFE15 ENV/IT/000586) addresses these issues. The first objective of the project, co-funded by the European Commission, is to introduce an easy-replicable method for the identification and the management of the Noise Low Emission Zone, an urban area subject to traffic restrictions, whose impacts and benefits regarding noise issues will be analyzed and tested in the pilot area of the city of Monza, located in Northern Italy. Background conditions, structure, objectives of the project and actions’ progress will be discussed in this article.

7. Down the mine

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Brian Nelson
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Paris Commune ◽  
Northern France ◽  
Mining Community ◽  
Political Voice ◽  
The Government ◽  
Commune Of 1871 ◽  
The City

‘Down the mine’ considers the role of the mining community on Zola. The bloody events of the Paris Commune of 1871, when a revolutionary uprising of citizens declared the city independent from the government, convinced Zola that he should write a novel that addressed revolutionary activity in a contemporary setting. Germinal describes a strike in a mining community in northern France, led by Gervaise Macquart’s son Étienne Lantier. The novel was influenced by the socialist ideas that were becoming widespread, with characters representing militant, moderate, and anarchist ideals. Germinal depicts a moment in history when the workers begin to find a political voice. But the strike fails, and the ending is ambiguous, with Étienne leaving for Paris to continue his struggle there.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Air Quality Levels in Samsun, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Bahtiyar Efe
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Data Completeness ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
First Case ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Different Levels

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (hereafter COVID-19) has changed the daily routines of people around the world. The first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in December 2019, whilst it was confirmed on 11 March 2020 in Turkey. After the number of cases reached 4500 per day by 10 April, the government declared more restrictive lockdown measures for 31 metropolitan cities, which were implemented for the following weekends and national and religious holidays. The changes in the concentrations of CO, NOx, NO2 and PM10 during the period of these measures with respect to the pre-lockdown period and for different levels of measures for Samsun, the biggest city of the Karadeniz region, were investigated in this study. The daily mean concentrations of CO, NOx, NO2 and PM10 were obtained from Tekkekoy station due to it having data completeness greater than 95% for all pollutants. The average CO, NOx and NO2 concentrations during the lockdown period declined with respect to the pre-lockdown period, whilst PM10 increased by 3%. The average concentrations of all the pollutants decreased when the level of restrictions increased during the COVID-19 lockdown period. The number of days exceeding the WHO limit for PM10 was decreased during the lockdown period to 16 days with respect to the pre-lockdown period at 19 days. There was only a positive weak relationship between the mobility decrease rate and NO2 concentrations.

scholarly journals Air Quality Over Major Cities of Saudi Arabia During Hajj Periods of 2019 and 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Ashraf Farahat ◽  
Akshansha Chauhan ◽  
Mohammed Al Otaibi ◽  
Ramesh P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dust Events ◽  
Local Weather

AbstractMecca and Madinah are two holy cities where millions of people in general, visit throughout the years, during Hajj (Muslim's pilgrimage) time number of people visit these holy cities from different parts of the world is very high. However, the Government of Saudi Arabia only allowed 1000 pilgrims during the 2020 Hajj especially when the world is suffering from COVID-19. In the present paper, a detailed analysis of air quality parameters available from ground measurements have been carried over major cities of Saudi Arabia, Mecca, Madinah, and Jeddah from June to September 2019 and 2020. At Mecca and Jeddah, PM10, NO2 and CO concentrations are found to be higher in comparison to stations located close to Madinah. In addition, meteorological parameters, temperature, relative humidity, and wind directions are also analysed to understand changes associated with the meteorological parameters. Our detailed analysis shows a reduction in concentrations of pollutants during the 2020 Hajj, when the lockdown was observed in Saudi Arabia due to COVID-19. During June–August 2020 lockdown period, no major changes in PM10 concentration was observed since there were frequent dust events were observed. In contrast, our results show 44% reduction in NO2 (8.77 ppbv in 2019 to 4.97 ppbv in 2020) and 16% reduction in CO (0.85 ppm in 2019 to 0.72 ppm in 2020) concentrations during COVID-19 restrictions. The concentrations of NO2 and CO do not cause any issue for the air quality as NO2 and CO Indices lie within the green band (Air quality index 0–50). In Mecca, Madinah and Jeddah, the air quality is generally affected during Hajj, but during 2020, the concentration of particulate matter was influenced by local weather conditions.

scholarly journals A Correlation based study using air quality and meteorological parameters for the outbreak of COVID-19 on major affected districts in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Matter Concentration ◽  
Indo Gangetic Plain ◽  
Very High

Abstract Air quality is an important factor for human health conditions. Simultaneously, suitable meteorology poses the circumstances for virus transmission. Hence, we investigated both these two important aspects for the COVID-19 pandemic. We correlated the remote sensing based observations of meteorological parameters and air quality parameters with COVID-19 cases from 657 districts all over the country and found that air quality parameters are playing very crucial role along with a few meteorological parameters for this outbreak. We observed that air temperature, and wind speed were significantly and positively correlated with COVID-19 cases but precipitation and humidity were negatively correlated with confirmed cases. Cloudiness had no significant relation in this aspect. Among the air pollutants, O3 was better correlating with COVID-19 cases. AOD representing the particulate matter concentration also significantly correlated with such cases majorly over Indo-Gangetic plain region. The carbon-pollutants CO was also very high over the same region. Though NO2 and SO2 were reduced during lockdown, due to the power generation and mining activities both these gases were quite highly correlated over eastern India region. We noted the eastern and western coastal districts of India and districts from the low-lying plain areas had more cases during this pandemic. Our study suggests that improving air quality with proper strict regulations and complete lockdown during the peak of pandemic could reduce the misfortune in all over India. Hence, the summer season could be susceptible and might pose a gesture of seasonality for this disease.

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