Mining for Glyphosate-Resistant Genes in Rice Genotypes of the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin D. Palanog ◽  
Abie D. Rojo ◽  
Thea Mae Coleen B. Lanutan ◽  
Zayber B. Araya ◽  
Le-Ann G. Dogeno
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Rice Genotypes

This study aimed to identify and characterize rice genotypes possibly possessing glyphosate-resistant genes, promoting the ability to withstand non-selective, systemic herbicides. The field establishment was based on alpha lattice design replicated into two with a plot size of 2 x 10 rows. All crop management practices followed the PalayCheck System®. At 14 DAT, the glyphosate-based herbicide (Round-up) was directly applied in rice plants. Survival and severity percentage were recorded from 4days to 20 days after herbicide application when the rice plants were observed reacting to the application while agronomic parameters were gathered at maturity stage. Out of one hundred rice genotypes, only 12 exhibited moderate to strong resistance to glyphosate-based herbicide while other genotypes stunted and wilted to death. The 12 genotypes are as follows: Kinastila, Binundor, Dinorado, Kalipao, Inanod, Camoros, Minondoc, Innano, Zambales, Maliket (Red), Kilay, and Simmaba. Among these twelve genotypes, Zambales is the most tolerant to glyphosate herbicide with highest survival rate and low severity index followed by Kalipao, Innaano and Kilay which have moderate survival rate and low severity rate. Identified resistant genotypes were agro-morphological characterized. Zambales genotype has the tallest plant height and highest spikelet number while the superior genotypes for the number of productive tillers, panicle length and spikelet fertility were Minondoc, Simmaba and Kinastila, respectively. These results show that the genotypes being tested have a wide variation in agro-morphological traits. Ultimately, 12 genotypes were identified as tolerant to glyphosate-based herbicide. Further evaluation and characterization are still required to verify the resistance of identified genotypes. These germplasms are promising materials for future breeding and research purposes in developing non-transgenic glyphosate-resistant rice varieties. Keywords-Genotypes, glyphosate resistance, morphological diversity, severity index, Philippines

scholarly journals Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Amanullah ◽  
Inamullah ◽  
Mona S. Alwahibi ◽  
Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽  
Jawaher Alkahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)]. The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Promising Rice Genotypes for Broadcast Aus Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
B Karmakar ◽  
MAA Mamun ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice cultivation in Aus season is eco-friendly and essential for sustainable food security of Bangladesh utilizing rain water rather than extracting underground water. Four rice genotypes (BR6855-3B-12, BR6855-3B-13, BR6848-3B-12 and BR6976-2B-11-1) along with check variety BRRI dhan43 were evaluated at farmers’ field during broadcast Aus season. The objectives were to investigate the adaptability of the rice genotypes and find out promising genotype(s) for Broadcast Aus rice. The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field in eight agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh. Randomized complete block design (RCB) was used with three replications. Standard and uniform management practices were followed for all the locations. Data were taken on grain yield, days to 80% maturity, plant height, panicles m-2, 1000-grain weight, grains panicle-1, spikelet sterility (%), Phenotypic acceptance at vegetative and maturity stage, pest incidence; feedback of farmers and extension personnel. Genotypes, environments and interaction of genotypes by environments had significant effect on grain yield, yield components and agronomic parameters. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between the check (control) and improved genotypes except the genotype BR6976-2B-11-1 which was similar with the check BRRI dhan43 for all parameters. Correlation analysis was also performed to establish extent of association between yield and major yield components. Grain yield positively and significantly correlated with the agronomic parameters except spikelet sterility. Across the locations, BR6848-3B-12 produced significantly the highest grain yield (4.88 t ha-1) at Feni while the lowest grain yield (1.58 t ha-1) was obtained in BR6976-2B-11-1 followed by BRRI dhan43 (1.64 t ha-1) at Kushtia. BR6848-3B-12 showed yield advantage of 1.0 t ha-1 over the check variety BRRI dhan43 with similar growth duration (104 day). AMMI stability value, yield stability index and GGE Bi-plot model indicated that BR6855-3B-12 is the most adaptable, suitable and stable genotype for broadcast Aus rice across the locations, and finally it is released in 2017 as BRRI dhan83 for broadcast Aus season. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 35-48

scholarly journals The floating traditional Rice Techno-Demonstration for Community Food Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-11
Author(s):  
Pasigan U. Buisan ◽  
Nasrudin A. Buisan
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Traditional Rice

Rice ranks as the most important cereal in the Philippines. It is one of the country’s largest agricultural production systems, highest among crop production. The general objective of the study was to determine if traditional rice variety can give optimum yield when planted in the floating area. The materials used were traditional rice varieties. The water hyacinth was converted into a rice floating area. Data gathered was analyzed using the analysis of variance. The LSD Test was employed to compare the significant difference between treatment mean values. Floating rice production is a viable option among small farmers particularly in areas where water availability is not control such as marshy area. Local materials such as water hyacinth as floater are widely available. There is a need however, for a sound cultural management to make it sustainable. The good agronomic characteristics of the rice varieties can be attributed by the types of variety and the management practices. The floating area can be converted a potential area for rice production for a certain community particularly in the marshy area. However, there a need for a sound management practices in the floating area that can farmers may adopt for a sustainable rice floating production area

scholarly journals Screening of Advanced Aromatic Rice Lines Using Morphological and Physico-Chemical Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
S Paul ◽  
PK Biswas ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
SS Siddique ◽  
BJ Shirazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Kernel Length ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Short-statured and lodging resistant rice plants with long to medium slender grain are the expected criteria for aromatic rice. However, most of the aromatic rice varieties in Bangladesh do not meet the expected criteria. Therefore, this study was undertaken to detect short-statured rice plants with aromatic and long to medium slender grain where twelve advanced rice lines (derived from the local rice germplasm) with a local check Kataribhog were evaluated. All the genotypes demonstrated significant variation for different parameters such as plant height at harvest, yield per hectare, grain length, grain size, grain shape, and aroma. At harvest, the shortest plant height was obtained from SAU ADL11 (107.09cm), and it was statistically similar to SAU ADL4 (111.68cm) and SAU ADL5 (111.89cm). However, the plant height of check variety Kataribhog was 167.17cm. The highest grain yield per hectare was found in SAU ADL5 (4.79 tha-1), where it was 2.71 tha-1 in Kataribhog. Besides, the grain yield of shorter genotypes SAU ADL4 and SAU ADL11 was 3.47 t ha-1 and 3.84 t ha-1 , respectively. The SAU ADL1 provided the highest kernel length (7.31mm), and the lowest kernel length (4.87 mm) was recorded in the check. Kernel length of short-statured genotypes ranged from 7.01 mm to 6.57 mm. Kernel size of all evaluated genotypes was long to medium; whereas, it was short for Kataribhog. Kernel shape of these short-statured genotypes was slender to medium. In case of aroma, SAU ADL3, SAU ADL5, SAU ADL7, SAU ADL9, SAU ADL10, and SAU ADL11 were moderately aromatic, and other genotypes were non-aromatic. However, Kataribhog was strongly aromatic. Finally, SAU ADL5 and SAU ADL11 were evaluated as important germplasms in respect of different characters such as shortstatured plant, long to medium slender grain, and aroma. These two lines could be potential inbreed aromatic rice genotypes for Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 91-102

scholarly journals Reproductive, pathogenic and genotypic characterisation of five Meloidogyne graminicola populations from the Philippines on susceptible and resistant rice varieties

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-318
Author(s):  
Ma. Teodora Nadong Cabasan ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
Stéphane Bellafiore ◽  
Dirk De Waele
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Disease Induction

Summary Five populations of Meloidogyne graminicola isolated from different rice-growing areas in the Philippines were characterised. The populations showed little phenotypic variability of second-stage juveniles and female perineal pattern. Differences in reproduction among M. graminicola populations were not observed on mature resistant Oryza glaberrima varieties ‘TOG5674’, ‘TOG5675’, ‘RAM131’ and ‘CG14’, or on susceptible O. sativa varieties ‘IR64’ and ‘UPLRi-5’. In all infected rice varieties, plant growth and yield-contributing traits showed no differences among the populations. A search on M. graminicola populations from the Philippines for single-nucleotide polymorphism on the sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of rDNA genes and mtDNA indicated only few points of heteroplasmy. Nematode reproduction and disease induction of the five M. graminicola populations in the Philippines exerted the same level of aggressiveness and virulence. The absence of resistance-breaking populations of M. graminicola is important for the maintenance of durability of resistance to this important rice pathogen.

scholarly journals Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽  
Ruby KROMOCARDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

scholarly journals Breeding Temperate Japonica Rice Varieties Adaptable to Tropical Regions: Progress and Prospects

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Myrish Pacleb ◽  
O-Young Jeong ◽  
Jeom-Sig Lee ◽  
Thelma Padolina ◽  
Rustum Braceros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Temperate Japonica ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Northeast Asian ◽  
The Tropics

Temperate japonica rice is mainly cultivated in temperate regions. Many temperate japonica varieties have a superior grain quality that is preferred in Northeast Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and China. The changes in consumers’ preferences in Southeast Asia and Western countries has contributed to increasing the demand for temperate japonica. Most temperate japonica varieties developed in temperate regions typically exhibit extra-early flowering under the short-day conditions in the tropics, which usually results in severely reduced yields. Since 1992, we have been developing temperate japonica varieties that can adapt to tropical environments to meet the increasing demand for temperate japonica rice, having released six varieties in the Philippines. Especially, the yield of one of the temperate japonica varieties, Japonica 7, was comparable to the yields of leading indica varieties in the Philippines. Here, we discuss the current breeding initiatives and future plans for the development of tropical-region-bred temperate japonica rice.

scholarly journals POPULATION PATTERN AND HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN RELATION TO BIO-PHYSICOCHEMICAL WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN THE NAGA RIVER

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Mariel R. Estrella
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Large Household ◽  
Population Pattern ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Ph Level

Rapid population growth and urbanization over the years has put pressure on natural resources threatening various fragile ecosystems. Naga river in the Philippines became a mute witness to the adverse effects of human activities on its waters. The present study took into account the waste management practices of households along the Naga river to elucidate its relation to the bio-physicochemical state of the river. The comparative analysis of water quality assessment data indicates that there is an observable deterioration of water quality due to its decreased level of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and above normal pH level. This can be attributed to the continued practice of the households of throwing and discharging 34% and 78% of their solid and liquid wastes, respectively, directly into the river. However, there is a trend of improvement in the Naga river's water quality in terms of other parameters. The study also revealed that the size of built up areas and the household population along the Naga river is not necessarily proportional. Land use and the large household population along the Naga river was found to have higher adverse impacts on the water quality and current state of the Naga river. KEYWORDS: Naga River, water quality, waste management, community survey

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction and stability analysis of four fine rice varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
P L Biswas ◽  
U K Nath ◽  
S Ghosal ◽  
A K Patwary
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Genotype-environment interactions through different stability parameters and performance traits of four fine rice genotypes were studied. The traits were; days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of effective tillers per hill, panicle length (cm), number of fertile grains per panicle, number of sterile grains per panicle and yield (t/ha) in four fine rice genotypes across nine environments along with experimental farm of Genetics and Plant Breeding department, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Mymensingh. Significant differences were observed for genotypes, environments and genotypes–environment interaction. Stability analysis after Eberhat and Russell’s model suggested that the genotypes used in study were more or less responsive to environmental changes. Most of the genotypes performed better in Comilla. BAU125 was found stable for effective tillers per hill and comparatively less sensitive to other genotypes in panicle length and number of sterile grains per panicle. BR5 was stable for days to maturity and plant height whereas Kalizira performed better than other genotypes for fertile grains per panicle. In general, only the genotype BAU125 was found stable for effective tillers per hill, panicle length and lowest number of sterile grains per panicle.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12011   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 1–7, 2012  

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