scholarly journals Analysis of Explosion Accidents in a Chemical Plant using STAMP, a Systematic Cause-and-effect Analysis Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Chae-Chil Koo ◽  
Dong-Hyun Seo ◽  
Pil-Hyeok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The process safety management system for chemical plants was introduced approximately 25 years ago. With the improvement in the safety management levels for the safe operation of the chemical plants, the number of serious industrial accidents has gradually decreased; however, increased damages have been observed when accidents do occur. The cause of accidents has also increased in cases where several factors, including social and cultural factors, are complexly related, in addition to facility and human factors. The need for an overall integrated systemic approach related to society, technology, and organization, and a sequential approach for finding the direct cause of accidents, is growing while analyzing the accidents. For this reason, foreign countries have introduced and applied a method to analyze accidents in an integrated manner from a systemic point of view; however, reports of cases or research results used in Korea. In this study, the case of explosion accidents, which occurred during a trial operation at a domestic chemical plant, was analyzed using Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes, a systematic accident analysis technique, to reveal the primary cause, organizational, and operational problems, so that it can be used for future investigations when other accidents occur.

scholarly journals Dynamic Semi-Quantitative Risk Research in Chemical Plants

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Song ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Kong ◽  
Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Quantitative Calculation

When a major accident occurs in a chemical industry park, it directly affects the personal safety of operators and neighboring residents and causes major losses; therefore, we should take measures to strengthen the management of chemical industry parks. This article proposes and analyzes a new dynamic semi-quantitative risk calculation model for chemical plants that can be applied digitally. This model provides a sustainable, standardized, and comprehensive management strategy for the safety management of chemical plants and chemical industry park managers. The model and its determined parameters were applied to the safety management of chemical companies within the chemical industry park of Quzhou, Zhejiang Province. From the point of view of the existing semi-quantitative model, the existing problems of the current model are analyzed, the current model is optimized, and a new dynamic semi-quantitative calculation model scheme is proposed. The new model uses an analytical hierarchy process targeting the factors affecting the risks in chemical plants, and chemical plant semi-quantitative dynamic calculation system consisting of the operator, process/equipment, risk, building environment, safety management, and domino effect, and the comprehensive risk of the chemical plant was calculated. The model is ultimately a real-time quantitative value, but its calculation process can compare and analyze the causes of high risk in a chemical plant as they relate to these six factors. Its implementation requires only software, which will greatly help chemical plant safety management.

scholarly journals A Risk Assessment Proposal through System Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Di Nardo ◽  
M. Madonna ◽  
Mosè Gallo ◽  
Teresa Murino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The issues about legislation of safety management, as well as main techniques of "risk analysis and evaluation", are widely integrated in complex production environment. From an organizational and technological point of view, it’s not easy to implement these techniques in Small and Medium Enterprises. In fact, each technique does not permit a complete and exhaustive analysis and quantification of risks. Application of aforementioned methods does allow for achievement of a wide number of benefits. The aim of this paper is to critically analyse both analysis and risk assessment processes. In this paper, integration between System Dynamics and Layers of Protection Analysis technique is provided in order to enhance results of risk management. System Dynamics shows to be very effective in evaluating interaction effect of different incidental scenarios properly identified through risk analysis technique used. System Dynamics modelling permits simulation through changes in time and feedback mechanism. This approach has been validated via testing in a plastic molding plant with a scenario of risk of a massive fire.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Chemical Plant Explosion Accidents Based on Bayesian Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongchen Zhu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Hu ◽  
Deshui Hu
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Equipment Safety ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Property Loss ◽  
Personnel Safety ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
The Impact

Many chemical plant explosion accidents occur along with the development of the chemical industry. Meanwhile, the interaction and influence of various factors significantly increase the uncertainty of the evolution process of such accidents. This paper presents a framework to dynamically evaluate chemical plant explosion accidents. We propose twelve nodes to represent accident evolution and establish a Bayesian network model for chemical plant explosion accidents, combining historical data with expert experience to support the prevention, management, and real-time warning. Hypothetical scenarios and catastrophic explosion scenarios were analyzed by setting different combinations of states for nodes. Moreover, the impacts of factors such as factory type, material form, accident equipment, the emergency response on casualty and property loss are evaluated. We find that sensitivity of property loss and casualties to factory type and ongoing work are less significant; the equipment factors result in more casualties than that from personnel factors; the impact of emergency response on the accident results is significant; equipment safety management and personnel safety training are the most important measures to prevent chemical plant explosion risks.

scholarly journals Application of Evolutionary Game Theory in Safety Management of Chemical Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Qiusheng Song ◽  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Song Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Production Safety

The chemical industry is essential in the social economy, and the issue of production safety has aroused widespread concern. Chemical safety incidents occupy the headlines from time to time, and chemical production safety management is particularly important. This paper presents an application model based on evolutionary game theory in the assessment and analysis of chemical production safety management. The model uses evolutionary game theory to construct a strategic interactive payoff matrix between the management department of a chemical plant and the chemical plant using a replicated dynamic equation to analyze their strategic interaction and to reveal the evolution of behavioral strategy selection. The evolution results were verified and simulated. The application of this model provides an effective safety management basis and recommendations for the management of chemical plants, providing a foundation for the safe production and healthy development of chemical plants.

Factores de éxito en las webs de contenidos audiovisuales. Análisis cualitativo comparado

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Fernández-Lores ◽  
Gema Martínez-Navarro ◽  
Diana Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Evolution Of Technology ◽  
Content Recommendation

The evolution of technology and the digital empowerment of society have led to the proliferation of Audiovisual Content Webs (ACWs) where users can share information and experiences, along with other commercial resources. ACWs have led to significant changes in the way users can select and access audiovisual content. The design of these websites combines various features, including a user community, streamed content, ticket sales, and recommendations, among others. Each ACW has a specific profile with respect to the mentioned variables. The aim of this study is to identify the critical success factors for a ACW, i.e., which features and the form they should take to attract followers, thus increasing the capacity to prescribe and broadcast content. Using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), a formal analysis technique that allows the identification of combinations that produce a certain result, a sample of the 12 most representative cinema websites in Spain is analyzed. The results indicate that the incorporation of content recommendation systems and the connection with streaming platforms through which the content can be accessed are key factors in the success of these ACWs. This work contributes academically to the knowledge and explanation of audience behavior in the new audiovisual scenario. From a professional point of view, relevant design suggestions are offered to platform creators. Finally, the limitations of this work are described, and future lines of research are considered. Resumen La evolución de la tecnología y el empoderamiento digital de la sociedad ha dado lugar a la proliferación de webs de contenidos audiovisuales (WCA) donde los usuarios comparten información y experiencias, junto a otros recursos comerciales. Las WCA han provocado cambios significativos en la forma en la que los usuarios pueden seleccionar y acceder a los contenidos audiovisuales. En su diseño, estas webs combinan varias prestaciones: comunidad de usuarios, contenidos en streaming, venta de entradas o recomendaciones, entre otros. Cada WCA presenta un perfil específico respecto a las variables descritas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los factores críticos de éxito de una WCA, es decir las prestaciones y la forma que deben adoptar para captar seguidores, aumentando con ello capacidad de prescripción y difusión de contenidos. Mediante el análisis cualitativo comparado (QCA), técnica formal de análisis que permite la identificación de combinaciones que producen un determinado resultado, se analiza una muestra de las 12 webs de cine más representativas en España. Los resultados indican que la incorporación de sistemas de recomendación de contenidos y la conexión con plataformas en streaming desde las que poder acceder a los contenidos son factores claves del éxito. El trabajo contribuye académicamente al conocimiento y la explicación de la conducta de la audiencia en el nuevo escenario audiovisual. Desde el punto de vista profesional se ofrecen sugerencias relevantes de diseño para los creadores de plataformas. Por último, se describen las limitaciones del trabajo y se plantean futuras líneas de investigación.

Early Warning Mechanism for the Surge of Passengers in Metro Systems Based on Automated Fare Collection Data: Case Study of Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Huan ◽  
Enjian Yao ◽  
Binbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Metro Systems

Recently, surges of passengers caused by large gatherings, temporary traffic control measures, or other abnormal events have frequently occurred in metro systems. From the standpoint of the operation managers, the available information about these outside events is incomplete or delayed. Unlike regular peaks of commuting, those unforeseen surges pose great challenges to emergency organization and safety management. This study aims to assist managers in monitoring passenger flow in an intelligent manner so as to react promptly. Compared with the high cost of deploying multisensors, the widely adopted automated fare collection (AFC) system provides an economical solution for inflow monitoring from the application point of view. In this paper, a comprehensive framework for the early warning mechanism is established, including four major phases: data acquisition, preprocessing, off-line modeling, and on-line detection. For each station, passengers’ tapping-on records are gathered in real time, to be further transformed into a dynamic time series of inflow volumes. Then, a sequence decomposition model is formulated to highlight the anomaly by removing its inherent disturbances. Furthermore, a novel hybrid anomaly detection method is developed to monitor the variation of passenger flow, in which the features of inflow patterns are fully considered. The proposed method is tested by a numerical experiment, along with a real-world case study of Guangzhou metro. The results show that, for most cases, the response time for detection is within 5 min, which makes the surge phenomenon observable at an early stage and reminds managers to make interventions appropriately.

scholarly journals Survival analysis of orange tree varieties in Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alcon ◽  
M. Angeles Fernández-Zamudio ◽  
Erasmo I. López-Becerra ◽  
M. Dolores De-Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Level Of Significance

The fundamental basis of Spanish citriculture is its varietal composition, which contributes to the existence of a marketing calendar that extends to almost the entire year. As time goes by, the supply of varieties is continuously renewed, requiring significant investments by growers. The guarantee of a quality supply to the markets, on one hand, and the optimal result of the investments made, on the other, require that, in managing the sector, the characteristics determining the survival of the varieties be taken into account. The main purpose of this study was therefore to assess the influence of the attributes affecting the longevity of orange plantations from a technical and commercial point of view. The duration analysis technique applied to the different varieties has been used. The main attributes determining the elimination of a variety were the presence of seeds in the fruit and the tendency towards a decrease in surface size. Permanence- or survival-friendly attributes included the calibre (large size of the variety, within its group) and the price received by farmers. Precocity, frost resistance, commercial quality and resistance to fruit fly did not have the expected level of significance.

An Evaluation of the Influence of Environmental, Social and Cultural factors on the Socialization of Traditional Urban Spaces (Case Study: Iranian Markets)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296
Author(s):  
Jamaloddin Mahdinezhad ◽  
Bahram Saleh Sedghpour ◽  
Rana Najjari Nabi
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The ‘bazaar’, or the marketplace has been one of the most influential bases of the city in terms of social, political and economic development, and is considered as an active public space for initiating fundamental changes in society. Across Islamic cultures and civilizations, as well as their historical precedents, the marketplace has occupied a broad and complex social meaning, especially in Iran. In this research, the marketplace is considered from a socio-commercial point of view. In order to improve the efficiency of public spaces, it is necessary to identify their effective parameters of socialization, and utilize them towards the future design or improvement of built environments. While the socio-cultural influence of a bazaar determines the development of human relationships around it, its environmental components are also effective in responding to ‘physical needs’ of a populace, that is, the provision of necessities such as food and clothing as well as repair services. The relationship between environmental, social and cultural elements is found to be the most influential factor in increasing the sociality of the public space. In order to analyze bazaar socialization, the research methodology employed in this article comprises a descriptive survey that uses Delphi and Q methodology. According to the results, six key factors were identified: activity-behavioural-movement (ABM) components, physical-functional qualities, enviornmental impacts, physical components (PCs), cultural values (CVs), social cohesion and integration, diversity and spatial attraction. Crucially, the study also finds that the socialization of space is formed through the interaction between human experiences in place and the prevailing cultural forms within it, that is, the regional customs, traditions and overall ‘way of life’ of the native populace. Therefore, the cultural features of urban spaces are another important factor in their development. Studying these factors opens the possibility for facilitating greater levels of interaction and participation in public spaces in a manner that also accommodates different groups of people and their varying subcultures.

scholarly journals Identifying preventive maintenance guideline for a combine harvester with application of failure mode and effect analysis technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Voraya Wattanajitsiri ◽  
Rapee Kanchana ◽  
Surat Triwanapong ◽  
Kittipong Kimapong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Risk Priority Number ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Near Future

The objective of this research was to study a risk assessment of the rice combine harvester using FMEA technique implementation and suggested the procedures to maintain the parts of the rice combine harvester by analyzing the causes of risk assessment of FMEA. The FMEA was also applied to specify failure causes and effects that occurred in the rice harvester. The obtained data were calculated for a risk priority number (RPN) and then sorted to be a descending order. The high RPN part was analyzed for the causes and effects and then suggested a preventive maintenance in near future. The results revealed that the highest RPN of 576 was found when a chain surface was considered and also showed the maximum risk among the considered parts in the rice combine harvester. While, the lowest RPN of 144 was found when a rice sieve part was considered but this RPN was still higher than that of 100 RPN which was required to specify the preventive maintenance.

Guidelines for Repair Welding of Pressure Equipment in Refineries and Chemical Plants: Part 2—Repair Welding Method

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Shiga ◽  
Yukio Hirai ◽  
Ogayu Yasushi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Repair Welding ◽  
Welding Method ◽  
Engineering Society

It has been recognized that repair welding plays an important role of in the long term, safe operation of pressure equipment. In 2009, the Japan Welding Engineering Society (JWES) published guidelines for repair welding of pressure equipment, to meet the great need for the safe operation and proper maintenance of aging plants. This paper gives brief descriptions of three types of repair welding method, “Flaw excavation and repair welding”, “Butt-welded insert plates”, and “External fillet welded patches”, which welding methods are based on Chemical Plant Welding Research Committee of JWES.

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