scholarly journals Dynamic Semi-Quantitative Risk Research in Chemical Plants

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Song ◽  
Jiang ◽  
Zheng ◽  
Kong ◽  
Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Quantitative Calculation

When a major accident occurs in a chemical industry park, it directly affects the personal safety of operators and neighboring residents and causes major losses; therefore, we should take measures to strengthen the management of chemical industry parks. This article proposes and analyzes a new dynamic semi-quantitative risk calculation model for chemical plants that can be applied digitally. This model provides a sustainable, standardized, and comprehensive management strategy for the safety management of chemical plants and chemical industry park managers. The model and its determined parameters were applied to the safety management of chemical companies within the chemical industry park of Quzhou, Zhejiang Province. From the point of view of the existing semi-quantitative model, the existing problems of the current model are analyzed, the current model is optimized, and a new dynamic semi-quantitative calculation model scheme is proposed. The new model uses an analytical hierarchy process targeting the factors affecting the risks in chemical plants, and chemical plant semi-quantitative dynamic calculation system consisting of the operator, process/equipment, risk, building environment, safety management, and domino effect, and the comprehensive risk of the chemical plant was calculated. The model is ultimately a real-time quantitative value, but its calculation process can compare and analyze the causes of high risk in a chemical plant as they relate to these six factors. Its implementation requires only software, which will greatly help chemical plant safety management.

scholarly journals Analysis of Explosion Accidents in a Chemical Plant using STAMP, a Systematic Cause-and-effect Analysis Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Chae-Chil Koo ◽  
Dong-Hyun Seo ◽  
Pil-Hyeok Lee
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Explosion Accidents ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

The process safety management system for chemical plants was introduced approximately 25 years ago. With the improvement in the safety management levels for the safe operation of the chemical plants, the number of serious industrial accidents has gradually decreased; however, increased damages have been observed when accidents do occur. The cause of accidents has also increased in cases where several factors, including social and cultural factors, are complexly related, in addition to facility and human factors. The need for an overall integrated systemic approach related to society, technology, and organization, and a sequential approach for finding the direct cause of accidents, is growing while analyzing the accidents. For this reason, foreign countries have introduced and applied a method to analyze accidents in an integrated manner from a systemic point of view; however, reports of cases or research results used in Korea. In this study, the case of explosion accidents, which occurred during a trial operation at a domestic chemical plant, was analyzed using Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes, a systematic accident analysis technique, to reveal the primary cause, organizational, and operational problems, so that it can be used for future investigations when other accidents occur.

scholarly journals Application of Evolutionary Game Theory in Safety Management of Chemical Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Qiusheng Song ◽  
Peng Jiang ◽  
Song Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Production Safety

The chemical industry is essential in the social economy, and the issue of production safety has aroused widespread concern. Chemical safety incidents occupy the headlines from time to time, and chemical production safety management is particularly important. This paper presents an application model based on evolutionary game theory in the assessment and analysis of chemical production safety management. The model uses evolutionary game theory to construct a strategic interactive payoff matrix between the management department of a chemical plant and the chemical plant using a replicated dynamic equation to analyze their strategic interaction and to reveal the evolution of behavioral strategy selection. The evolution results were verified and simulated. The application of this model provides an effective safety management basis and recommendations for the management of chemical plants, providing a foundation for the safe production and healthy development of chemical plants.

Early Warning Mechanism for the Surge of Passengers in Metro Systems Based on Automated Fare Collection Data: Case Study of Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Huan ◽  
Enjian Yao ◽  
Binbin Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Metro Systems

Recently, surges of passengers caused by large gatherings, temporary traffic control measures, or other abnormal events have frequently occurred in metro systems. From the standpoint of the operation managers, the available information about these outside events is incomplete or delayed. Unlike regular peaks of commuting, those unforeseen surges pose great challenges to emergency organization and safety management. This study aims to assist managers in monitoring passenger flow in an intelligent manner so as to react promptly. Compared with the high cost of deploying multisensors, the widely adopted automated fare collection (AFC) system provides an economical solution for inflow monitoring from the application point of view. In this paper, a comprehensive framework for the early warning mechanism is established, including four major phases: data acquisition, preprocessing, off-line modeling, and on-line detection. For each station, passengers’ tapping-on records are gathered in real time, to be further transformed into a dynamic time series of inflow volumes. Then, a sequence decomposition model is formulated to highlight the anomaly by removing its inherent disturbances. Furthermore, a novel hybrid anomaly detection method is developed to monitor the variation of passenger flow, in which the features of inflow patterns are fully considered. The proposed method is tested by a numerical experiment, along with a real-world case study of Guangzhou metro. The results show that, for most cases, the response time for detection is within 5 min, which makes the surge phenomenon observable at an early stage and reminds managers to make interventions appropriately.

scholarly journals Application of Pd-Based Membrane Reactors: An Industrial Perspective

Membranes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Palo ◽  
Annarita Salladini ◽  
Barbara Morico ◽  
Vincenzo Palma ◽  
Antonio Ricca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Technical Feasibility

The development of a chemical industry characterized by resource efficiency, in particular with reference to energy use, is becoming a major issue and driver for the achievement of a sustainable chemical production. From an industrial point of view, several application areas, where energy saving and CO2 emissions still represent a major concern, can take benefit from the application of membrane reactors. On this basis, different markets for membrane reactors are analyzed in this paper, and their technical feasibility is verified by proper experimentation at pilot level relevant to the following processes: (i) pure hydrogen production; (ii) synthetic fuels production; (iii) chemicals production. The main outcomes of operations in the selected research lines are reported and discussed, together with the key obstacles to overcome.

scholarly journals Existing problems and measures in safety management of chemical engineering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuepeng Liu ◽  
Zhigang Zhang ◽  
Quan Yang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Zhen’an Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Management Personnel

For a country, the industry is a very important system, the embodiment of the country's comprehensive national strength, the country's economic development level and the development of science and technology level has direct impact on industry. The development of chemical industry also has great impetus to the national economic development. The technical requirements for chemical engineering are particularly high. Because of the danger of the chemical itself, safety becomes the first thing to notice in the construction process. In order to prevent the occurrence of danger in the actual construction process, the safety of chemical engineering construction is made, and the effective safety management is the most critical step. A reliable safety management is the guarantee for the smooth construction of the construction, so the early safety management becomes the key to the development of the chemical industry. Chemical engineering is an extremely complex and changeable system, and the kinds of problems involved are very many, which requires the construction personnel to pay more attention to ensure the safety. In order to implement the safety management measures in the process of chemical engineering construction, it is necessary for the management personnel to strictly control the whole construction process. In case of any problem, we should deal with it in a timely manner and pay more attention to the details. We should pay attention to fire prevention, pollution prevention and anti-explosion prevention. Technical personnel should pay more attention to technical problems and eliminate safety hazards. The construction company must also strengthen the personal quality of the project management personnel and other issues. It is necessary to examine personal responsibility and safety awareness and avoid unnecessary losses caused by various construction safety issues to the company[1].

scholarly journals A New Semi-Quantitative Process Safety Assessment Method and Its Application for Fluorochemical Industry

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Guangpei Cong ◽  
Duhui Lu ◽  
Mei Liu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Main Line ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Risk Processes

Traditional hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) is one of the most widely applied methods for process safety management in process enterprises. Due to its principles based on the conservative and qualitative judgment, it often leads to too conservative risk identification results for the fluorine chemical industry usually with high-risk processes to keep the continuity of production. Most of improved quantitative and semi-quantitative methods are based on the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) to resolve the over-conservative problem of traditional HAZOP with the database of LOPA. However, the improved model, taking LOPA as the main line and HAZOP only as the provider of scenarios and influencing factors, is limited to the fact that LOPA can only analyze complete and independent protection layers (IPLs). Therefore, in order to realize the quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis of disaster causes and consequences, a new semi-quantitative HAZOP method takes HAZOP as the main line to integrate LOPA, F&EI (fire and explosion index) for quantitatively calculating the reduction factors, probability on failure demand (PFD) of general protection layers (GPLs) and PFD of IPLs. With the case comparison of fluorine chemical industry, it is proved that this new method can effectively improve the problem that traditional HAZOP are too conservative in complex scenarios.

Guidelines for Repair Welding of Pressure Equipment in Refineries and Chemical Plants: Part 2—Repair Welding Method

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Shiga ◽  
Yukio Hirai ◽  
Ogayu Yasushi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Repair Welding ◽  
Welding Method ◽  
Engineering Society

It has been recognized that repair welding plays an important role of in the long term, safe operation of pressure equipment. In 2009, the Japan Welding Engineering Society (JWES) published guidelines for repair welding of pressure equipment, to meet the great need for the safe operation and proper maintenance of aging plants. This paper gives brief descriptions of three types of repair welding method, “Flaw excavation and repair welding”, “Butt-welded insert plates”, and “External fillet welded patches”, which welding methods are based on Chemical Plant Welding Research Committee of JWES.

The Importance of Inherently Safer Processes to Site Security

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamelyn G. Lindsey ◽  
Dennis C. Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Aqueous Ammonia ◽  
Methyl Isocyanate ◽  
Inherent Safety ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Terrorist Events

Inherently safer processes (ISP) have become increasingly more important in recent years, specifically since the terrorist events of September 2001. New emphasis on site security and vulnerability has made it imperative for the chemical industry to view new and existing processes in a creative way. The tools available in designing an inherently safer process will allow industry to make these changes. “We ought, when possible, to be removing hazards rather than controlling them” (Kletz [1]). The concepts of inherent safety will be reviewed with specific examples with site security implications. For example the in-situ intermediate generation of methyl isocyanate (MIC) is a striking example of the concept of minimization and is of particular interest, since after the Bhopal incident, large quantities of MIC would be a target for terrorism. Other examples such as in-situ generation of phosgene use of aqueous ammonia instead of anhydrous, and elimination of chlorine cylinders in water treatment will be discussed with site security implications. The concepts used to create these inherently safer designs can then be integrated into existing process safety management programs to improve the overall safety of the chemical industry.

Passive Control Techniques for Seismic Protection of Chemical Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Minagawa ◽  
Fabrizio Paolacci
Keyword(s):  
Passive Control ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Seismic Protection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chemical Plants ◽  
Northridge Earthquake ◽  
Control Techniques

Abstract Seismic damage of chemical plant facilities (pressure vessels, piping, storage tanks, etc..) can causes human and economic losses as well as heavy environmental damages. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to reduce such a consequences. The passive control techniques (PCT) as dampers or base isolation can represent an effective technique to mitigate the major damage caused by earthquakes. Viscous dampers, tuned mass dampers and base isolators are well-known passive control devices successfully applied to civil structures, as demonstrated during the last big events as Northridge earthquake in 1994, the Kobe earthquake in 1995, the Great East Japan earthquake in 2011. The scarce application to major hazard industrial facilities as chemical plants poses some questions, including the selection of suitable devices, their real applicability and effectiveness, because of the strict requirements of chemical plant equipment in terms of safety and business continuity. Therefore, this study aim at analyzing the possible applications of the most renew passive control techniques for seismic protection for chemical plant components. In this respect, a complete review of typical seismic damage of industrial (chemical) facilities and the investigation of the applicability of PCT as mitigation strategy is offered for all possible structural typologies of units presents in a plant.

scholarly journals A Calculation Model of the General Theory of Interaction Potentials for Stoichiometric Lanthanide Type Crystals: Applications to the Cs2KLnCl6 System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Soto ◽  
Shanavas Shajahan ◽  
Roberto Acevedo
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Lanthanide Ions ◽  
Interaction Potentials ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Semi Empirical

AbstractThis article aims to develop a generalized model calculation model to be applicable to the general theory of interaction potentials with reference to the stoichiometric elpasolite type crystals. In this study, we have chosen to report both a theoretical model and a calculation strategy to undertake semi empirical calculations of thermodynamic properties, such as reticular energies and heats of formation for the series of systems such as: Cs2KLnCl6. We have also carried out quite a number of calculations for a variety of systems such as: Cs2NaLnF6, Cs2NaLnCl6, Cs2NaLnBr6, Rb2NaLnF6and Cs2KLnF6 in the Fm3m space group since we aim to check the strengths and weaknesses of our model calculations. We have analyzed a substantial number of approximate theoretical models and have carried a formidable amount of computing simulations to estimate the reticular energies and the corresponding heat of formation for these type of crystal using a semi empirical model. We made use of the thermodynamic cycles of Born-Haber so as to get a broad view with reference to the accuracy of our semi empirical theoretical models. The problem itself is quite challenging since we have focused our attention upon trivalent lanthanide ions $$L{n}^{+3}$$Ln+3 in the first inner transition series of the chemical elements: (Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). There are a significant amount of outstanding research works published in the literature with reference to structural analysis, one photon spectroscopy, vibrionic intensity model calculations and generalized models to deal with these kind of complex crystals. The calculated energy values associated with these observables seems to be most reasonable, and these follow the expected trends, as may be expected on both theoretical and experimental grounds. Both, the advantages and disadvantages of the current model calculations, have been tested against other previous calculations performed for this type of complex systems. It is of a paramount importance, the results obtained and reported in this article with regards to convergence tests as well as some master equations derived to account for the various contributions to the total energy. The Born-Mayer-Buckingham potential is carefully examined with reference to these lanthanide type crystals Cs2KLnCl6. Finally but not at last, the most likely sources for improvement are carefully discussed in this work. We strongly believe that there is enough room for improvement and have therefore initiated a new research program of activities tackling systems of well-known optical and structural properties.

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