Monetary Sanctions as Chronic and Acute Health Stressors: The Emotional Strain of People Who Owe Court Fines and Fees

Introduction.Occupational environment and occupational factors determine peculiarities in mastering marine occupations. Some unfavorable occupational educational and ecologic factors appear to cause high level of physical and psychoemotional stress.Objectiveis to study features of adaptation to study during occupational training in marine specialties in cadets of a higher marine educational institution, and to conduct medical and psychological rehabilitation.Material and methods.Examination covered 120 male cadets of 3rd and 4thyears of study: 70 (main group) and 50 (reference group). The age of the cadets was 21±0.4 years. To study characteristics of the cadets’ adaptation, the authors used psychological methods — Spielberger’s State Trait Anxiety Scale and Nemchin’s «Method measuring severity of neuropsychic stress». Statistical analysis was performed with software «Statistica for Windows 10.0».Study results and discussion.After 3 months of sailing, majority of the cadets appeared to be dysadapted. Deep clinical and laboratory studies proved that 39.4% of the examinees were apparently healthy and 60.6% of those had chronic diseases. Thus, a system of medical psychologic rehabilitation was designed, comprising primary and secondary prophylaxis methods. One of these prevention methods is a recovery complex of measures with intermittent normobaric hypoxia modified by us. The authors determined optimal regime of using intermittent normobaric hypoxia combined with medical rehabilitation.Conclusions.Adaptational state in cadets of high marine educational institution during professional training in marine occupations is characterized by increased psycho-emotional strain, anxiety and observed in 57.3% of the examinees. Findings are that after 3 months of sailing, majority of the cadets are dysadapted. To prevent morbidity and preserve health, the authors suggested a system of medical and psychologic rehabilitation including intermittent normobaric hypoxia with rehabilitation medical complex. The medical and prophylactic measures help to solve problems of psycho-emotional stress, lower morbidity parameters, prevent dysadaptation disorders, relieve functional overstrain. That preserves and improves the cadets’ health and forms an important stage in prevention of mental and behavioral disorders related to work.

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Human Factors Modelling Approach: Application to a Safety Device Supporting Crane Operations in Major Hazard Industries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042304 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2304

Author(s):

Maria Francesca Milazzo ◽

Giuseppa Ancione ◽

Giancarlo Consolo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Approach ◽

New Technologies ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Safety Device ◽

Human Machine Interaction ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Emotional Strain ◽

Smart Safety ◽

Machine Interaction ◽

Modelling Approach

The European Directive on Safety and Health at Work and the following normatives have the scope to provide high levels of health and safety at work, based on some general principles managing activities and including the risk assessment to continuously improve processes and workplaces. However, the working area changes and brings new risks and challenges for workers. Several of them are associated with new technologies, which determine complex human–machine interactions, leading to an increased mental and emotional strain. To reduce these emerging risks, their understanding and assessment are important. Although great efforts have already been made, there is still a lack of conceptual frameworks for analytically assessing human–machine interaction. This paper proposes a systematic approach that, beyond including the classification in domains to explain the complexity of the human–machine interaction, accounts for the information processing of the human brain. Its validation is shown in a major accident hazard industry where a smart safety device supporting crane related operations is used. The investigation is based on the construction of a questionnaire for the collection of answers about the feeling of crane operators when using the device and the evaluation of the Cronbach’s alpha to measure of the reliability of the assessment.

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Perceptions of Caregiving: Racial Examinations of Resiliency and Stress

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 352-352

Author(s):

Athena Koumoutzis ◽

Kelly Cichy

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Daily Living ◽

Process Model ◽

Well Being ◽

Stress Process Model ◽

Parental Caregiving ◽

The Family ◽

Using Data ◽

Midlife Adults ◽

Emotional Strain

Abstract Adult children are at risk of emotional strain when parental caregiving needs emerge. Pearlin’s Stress Process Model (1990) and caregiver studies suggest minority caregivers report lower subjective caregiving burden, however, few studies simultaneously consider both the stresses and rewards of caregiving. Using data from Wave II of the Family Exchange Study (N = 243), we examine racial differences in midlife adults’ perceptions (i.e., stress and rewards) of assisting their parents with activities of daily living (ADLs) and the associations between perceptions of ADL assistance and emotional well-being among adults who help their parents with ADLs. Compared to non-minority caregivers (M = 4.18, SD = 0.91), minority caregivers (M = 4.45, SD = 0.84) found it more rewarding to help their mother (t(314) = -2.54, p < .05), whereas non-minority caregivers (M = 2.25, SD = .1.27) found it more stressful to help their father than did minority caregivers (M = 1.64, SD = 0.99), t(162) = 3.01, p < .01). After controlling for demographics and ADL needs, linear regression analyses revealed that the stress of helping parents predicted depression (F(6, 189) = 5.30, p < .001) and race moderated the association (p < .01); the association was only significant for minority caregivers (p < .05). Implications will be discussed.

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Traveling the Path to Stroke Caregiver Readiness

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 255-255

Author(s):

Barbara Lutz ◽

Michelle Camicia

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Transitional Care ◽

Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽

Stroke Care ◽

Stroke Survivor ◽

Case Managers ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Rehabilitation Care ◽

Care Plans ◽

Emotional Strain

Abstract Family members are often poorly prepared to assume the caregiving role post-stroke leaving them feeling overwhelmed, frustrated, and abandoned by the healthcare system leading to physical, mental, and emotional strain. To address this, we developed and tested the Preparedness Assessment for the Transition Home after stroke (PATH-s) instrument based on a theoretical framework for improving stroke caregiver readiness. Consecutive studies were conducted over the past 10 years to 1) develop the caregiver readiness theoretical model identifying gaps in caregiver preparation in 80 interviews with caregivers and stroke survivors as they transitioned home from inpatient rehabilitation care; 2) develop and validate the PATH-s instrument with 183 caregiver-stroke survivor dyads, and 3) develop and implement a corresponding catalogue of interventions developed in consultation with 5 expert rehabilitation nurse case managers to improve stroke caregiver readiness. The Improving Caregiver Readiness Model has 2 preparedness domains; commitment and capacity and six sub-domains. In a factor analysis each domain/sub-domain subscale in the PATH-s demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (a=0.69-0.86). The overall mean score was 3.11 (range 1.68 to 4.00) with high internal consistency reliability (a=0.90). The PATH-s is highly correlated with the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale. The stroke survivor’s total FIM score at discharge had a small but significant correlation with the PATH-s. Case managers find the PATH-s results and corresponding interventions helpful in tailoring transitional care plans. Caregivers worldwide describe the negative impacts of providing stroke care post-discharge. The Path to Stroke Caregiver Readiness Program shows promise for improving stroke caregiver preparation for discharge home.

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Building community during the COVID-19 pandemic: a system level approach to physician well-being

Canadian Journal of Physician Leadership ◽

10.37964/cr24743 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 166-170

Author(s):

Serena Siow ◽

Carmen Gittens

Keyword(s):

Emotional Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Shared Responsibility ◽

System Level ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Physician Wellness ◽

Physician Leaders ◽

Building Community ◽

Support Team ◽

Emotional Strain

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, physician burnout was identified as reaching crisis proportions, and the pandemic is expected to worsen the already perilous state of physician wellness. It has affected physicians’ emotional health, not only by increasing workload demands, but also by eroding resilience under increasing pressures. The mental health consequences are expected to persist long after the pandemic subsides. With physician wellness increasingly recognized as a shared responsibility between individual physicians and the health care system, system-level approaches have been identified as important interventions for addressing physician well-being. In this article, we describe two evidence-guided initiatives implemented in our hospitalist network during the current pandemic: a trained peer-support team and facilitated physician online group discussions. These initiatives acknowledge the emotional strain of physicians’ work and challenge the “iron doc” culture of medicine. Our efforts build community and shift culture toward improved physician wellness. We suggest that the pandemic might be an opportunity for our profession to strengthen our support networks and for physician leaders to advance physician wellness in their work environments.

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Fate of dried meat baits aimed at wild dog (Canis familiaris) control

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr17182 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. L. Kreplins ◽

M. S. Kennedy ◽

P. J. Adams ◽

P. W. Bateman ◽

S. D. Dundas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Canis Familiaris ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Worldwide Phenomenon ◽

Wild Dog ◽

Emotional Strain ◽

Wild Dogs ◽

Agricultural Regions ◽

Financial Losses ◽

Target Activity

Context Livestock predation is a worldwide phenomenon, causing financial losses and emotional strain on producers. Wild dogs (Canis familiaris) cause millions of dollars of damage to cattle, sheep and goat production in Australia every year, and despite on-going control (baiting, trapping, shooting, and fencing), they remain a significant problem for livestock producers across many pastoral and agricultural regions of Australia. Aims We aimed to quantify the uptake of dried meat baits by wild dogs and determine whether an olfactory lure (fish oil) could increase uptake. Methods Camera traps and sand pads were used to monitor bait uptake for three baiting events on two pastoral properties in the southern rangelands of Western Australia in 2016 and 2017. Key results Of the 337 monitored baits with a known outcome, young wild dogs (<8 months old) removed only four, three of which were covered in a fish-oil lure. In warmer months, baits were largely consumed by varanids, and in cooler months, when baits were taken it was predominantly by corvids. Varanids and corvids took more baits than expected on the basis of activity indices. Kangaroos, feral cats and wild dogs consumed significantly fewer baits than expected from their activity on camera. Conclusions We have no evidence that adult wild dogs removed baits, despite many opportunities to do so (wild dogs passing cameras), and fewer wild dogs took baits than expected on the basis of activity events seen on camera. Olfactory lures may have the potential to increase bait uptake by naïve individuals (i.e. young dogs), but the sample size was small. Implications Increasing the number of baiting events per year, trialling novel baits, and baiting during low non-target activity are some of the recommended methods that may increase bait persistence and uptake by wild dogs.

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The relationship between assessment and preparing BEd undergraduate students for the South African school context

South African Journal of Education ◽

10.15700/saje.v40n3a1857 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Nicole Imbrailo ◽

Karen Steenekamp

Keyword(s):

Teacher Preparation ◽

South African ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

School Context ◽

Teaching Experience ◽

The South ◽

Bachelor Of Education ◽

Work Integrated Learning ◽

Emotional Strain ◽

Pre Service Teacher

The Bachelor of Education (BEd) undergraduate degree at a university in the Gauteng province, South Africa, aims to prepare pre-service teachers by using their experiences to expose them to the South African schooling context. This is done using a scaffolded process that includes formative assessment, summative assessment and Work-Integrated Learning (WIL, also known as teaching experience). This paper describes research findings based on a sequential mixed method design used within a constructivist paradigm to collect data on the role of assessment in pre-service teacher preparation. Eighty participants answered 16 questions on a nominal scale, and from this sample, 8 participants took part in semi-structured, one-on-one interviews. Based on the findings, it was concluded that all types of assessment were beneficial for pre-service teacher preparation as part of an assessment schedule – especially the case with WIL. However, WIL was criticised for not aligning with the current context and for a need to include the realities of paperwork, policies and systems as well as the emotional strain experienced by in-service teachers. The results suggest that by making WIL more authentic could impact pre-service teachers during their careers when deciding whether to remain in the profession.

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PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRIC TRAIN DRIVERS PROFESSIONAL PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-427-431 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M.Yu. Rubtsov ◽

◽

V.V. Serikov

Keyword(s):

Self Regulation ◽

Working Capacity ◽

Professional Performance ◽

Performance Effectiveness ◽

Strain Adaptation ◽

Train Driver ◽

Landolt Ring ◽

High Level ◽

Emotional Strain ◽

Electric Train

Abstract. Electric train driver work requires visual, auditory, tactile systems functioning high level, as well as mentality. These requirements caused the study directed to analyze the professional performance effectiveness these indicators, psychophysiological parameters including, for training and retraining in train driver (assistant train driver) profession. The research was carried out in the base of the training centers of professional qualifications of JSC «Russian Railways», 106 people were examined (age 27.2± 5.4 years) who were trained to perform all operations under work as train driver: first theoretically, then practically by special simulators use. There were evaluated: cardiovascular system state, complex visual-motor reaction time, «Landolt Ring» correction test as well as psychological methods of personal properties testing: reflection, self-regulation of behavior; the method of differentiated assessment of working capacity reduced. The dependence of working capacity of factor’s complex are determined. There are: organism’s functional state, psycho-emotional strain, adaptation mechanisms, motivational involvement, and target aspiration. Based on obtained data a set of promising methods has been determined to identify the possibility of reliable of driver operation and adjustment of his activities aimed at improving self-regulation skills as one of the main criteria for reliability of work.

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Frailty in Caregivers and Its Relationship with Psychological Stress and Resilience: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Deficit Accumulation Model

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2021.29 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

M. F.S. Bersani ◽

F.S. Bersani ◽

F. Sciancalepore ◽

M. Salzillo ◽

M. Cesari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Stress ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Deficit Accumulation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Accumulation Model ◽

Emotional Strain ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Background: Studies increasingly suggest that chronic exposure to psychological stress can lead to health deterioration and accelerated ageing, thus possibly contributing to the development of frailty. Recent approaches based on the deficit accumulation model measure frailty on a continuous grading through the “Frailty Index” (FI), i.e. a macroscopic indicator of biological senescence and functional status. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed at testing the relationship of FI with caregiving, psychological stress, and psychological resilience. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, with case-control and correlational analyses. PARTICIPANTS: Caregivers of patients with dementia (n=64), i.e. individuals a priori considered to be exposed to prolonged psychosocial stressors, and matched controls (n=64) were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS: The two groups were compared using a 38-item FI condensing biological, clinical, and functional assessments. Within caregivers, the association of FI with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was tested. RESULTS: Caregivers had higher FI than controls (F=8.308, p=0.005). FI was associated directly with PSS (r=0.660, p<0.001) and inversely with BRS (r=-0.637, p<0.001). Findings remained significant after adjusting for certain confounding variables, after excluding from the FI the conditions directly related to psychological stress, and when the analyses were performed separately among participants older and younger than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide insight on the relationship of frailty with caregiving, psychological stress, and resilience, with potential implications for the clinical management of individuals exposed to chronic emotional strain.

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Caring Even if It Hurts

The Labor of Care ◽

10.5622/illinois/9780252041723.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie Francisco-Menchavez

Keyword(s):

Emotional Distress ◽

Care Work ◽

Transnational Family ◽

Growing Pains ◽

Emotional Strain

Chapter four tells a story of emotional strain that travels on the circuits of multidirectional care just as the care work that is undergirded with love and warmth. The emotionality in care work specifically during trying times of anger, guilt and disappointment illustrates that a care work is still attended to even through the pains of their transnational relationship. It follows families moving in and out of growing pains, some faster than others. The chapter demonstrates that while care work travels multidirectionally, strain follows those circuits of care as well. And yet, families under emotional distress or disappointment can still participate in the labor of caring. The stories here actively pull apart the idealized notion that “care work” always comes from nurturance, love and warmth rather focusing on the work of sustaining the transnational family whether members feel gratified or good about that work.

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